Beijing Aerospace System Engineering Institute of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) declared recently that theinstitute has set up a laboratory whichwould operate a newly
This paper introduces a 100 MPa water gas twophase fluid pressurization device.The device can provide 100 MPa gas pressure and 200 MPa liquid pressure for small volume(<20 mL)high-pressure experimental devices.This...This paper introduces a 100 MPa water gas twophase fluid pressurization device.The device can provide 100 MPa gas pressure and 200 MPa liquid pressure for small volume(<20 mL)high-pressure experimental devices.This device can make the pressure control independent of the temperature control without changing the material components of the system.The resolution of this device in adjusting the pressure is±0.2 MPa in the process of boosting and depressurizing.This pressure boosting device generates very little vibration during work and it can be used in experiments with strict requirements on vibration.As a thermodynamic parameter,pressure has a great influence on matter.In the field of experimental geochemistry,pressure is not only an experimental method and an extreme condition but an important physical parameter independent of temperature and chemical composition.展开更多
The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guid...The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guided by a developed fingerprint. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside（1）, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（2）, rutin（3）, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside（5）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（6）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside（7）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-Drutinoside（8）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-D-glucosyl 7-O-β-D-glucuronide（9）, isosafflomin C（10）, safflomin C（11） and hydroxysafflor yellow A（12） by spectroscopic analysis and comparing with the literature. Our results demonstrated that preparative pressurized liquid chromatography combined with HPLC fingerprint guide is an efficient tool to isolate the target compounds quickly.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the cardiotonic activity of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,RALP)and its fingerprint determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).METHODS:First,...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the cardiotonic activity of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,RALP)and its fingerprint determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).METHODS:First,the fingerprints of six processed products of RALP were established by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)followed by analysis of the principal component of the relative peak area of its common peaks.Next,the scores of the first five principal components were used as input for an artificial neural network(ANN).Additionally,the therapeutic effect of RALP was assessed by measuring the hemodynamic indexes of heart failure model rats.Subsequently,fluorescence semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit were used to determine the effects of RALP-processed products on the serum levels of noradrenaline(NA),angiotensin-Ⅰ(Ang-Ⅰ),and the expression ofβ-norepinephrine receptor m RNA(β-NRm)in the rat cardiac tissues.P<0.05 was used as the output of the ANN.Finally,a network was constructed to display the relationship between the LC-MS fingerprints and the cardiotonic activity of the RALP-processed products.RESULTS:Several types of RALPs can improve diastolic function,systolic function and heart rate.On the basis of the findings from the principal component analysis(PCA)of 16 common peaks of fingerprints of six RALP-processed products,it was revealed that the first five principal components may include 100%of the information of the original data.As observed from the multilayer perceptron neural network analysis,principal component 4 presented with the strongest effects on serum levels of NA and Ang-Ⅰin rats,while principal component1 exerted the greatest effect onβ-NRm expression in cardiac tissue.CONCLUSION:The key findings obtained from this study indicated that the network constructed by the PCA-ANN may predict pharmacodynamic effects of the main ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This method may serve as a new approach to identify the relationship between LC-MS fingerprints and the pharmacodynamic effects of TCM ingredients.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate metabolic signatures in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda using plasma-free amino acid profiles, and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these profiles for the detection and e...OBJECTIVE: To investigate metabolic signatures in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda using plasma-free amino acid profiles, and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these profiles for the detection and explanation of the mechanisms of different symptoms in traditional Uyghur medicine.METHODS: Plasma samples from cancer patients with abnormal Savda(n=85) or non-abnormal Savda(n=105) and a healthy control group(n=65)were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Orthogonal projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis was used for the classification and prediction of abnormal Savda, and spectral profiles were subjected to Student's t-tests to assess statistical significance.RESULTS: Compared with the healthy group, the levels of aspartic acid, glutamate, glycine, histidine,arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, methionine,isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine decreased significantly in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda(all P<0.05). Serine, cystine, tyrosine,valine and lysine levels showed no significant differences(all P>0.05). Compared with non-abnormal Savda syndrome patients, abnormal Savda syndrome patients showed high concentrations of glutamate, serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine(all P<0.05). The remaining plasma amino acids showed no significant differences(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Plasma-free amino acid profiling has the potential to assist in understanding and determining abnormal Savda. A HPLC-based metabonomic platform could be a powerful tool for the classification of symptoms in traditional medicine.展开更多
The relationship between the vapor pressure of liquid copper and the flow rate of carrier gas argon was discussed, when the carrier gas method was used to determine the vapor pressure of liquid copper at 1892 K. The p...The relationship between the vapor pressure of liquid copper and the flow rate of carrier gas argon was discussed, when the carrier gas method was used to determine the vapor pressure of liquid copper at 1892 K. The proper argon flow rate range obtained was 150-500 mL/min and enough evidence was provided to verify the vapor pressure-flow rate of carrier gas relationship at the target temperature. Based on the proper flow rate range, the vapor pressure of liquid copper was measured at 1609-1892 K. The relationship of vapor pressure-temperature obtained by the method of regression analysis can be expressed as： In（p/Pa） = （25.470 -I- 0.903） - （39099.8 -4- 1574.5）/T, Further, the thermodynamic properties including the heat of vaporization and the Gibbs free energy of the Cu （I） = Cu （g） reaction were calculated by the vapor pressiJre obtained over the temperature range covered.展开更多
A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. An...A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. And a set of pressure controlling devices with PLC as a central processor are designed. It can be got from the relevant experiments that the pressure-stroke characteristic is correct and its control for forming process is available.展开更多
Solid liquid state pressure bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys, which contain a small amount of intermetallic compounds Al 3Ti or Al 3Zr, was investigated. With this new method, the heat resistant ...Solid liquid state pressure bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys, which contain a small amount of intermetallic compounds Al 3Ti or Al 3Zr, was investigated. With this new method, the heat resistant properties of the bonding zone metal are improved, and the joints’ strengths at high temperature is increased. The joints’ shear strength at room temperature and at 600 ℃ reach 126～133 MPa and 32～34 MPa, respectively, with suitable bonding pressure. The reaction between aluminum and Si 3N 4 ceramics, which produces Al Si N O type compounds is the dominant interfacial reaction, while the reactions between the second active element Ti or Zr in the aluminum based alloys and Si 3N 4 ceramics also occur to some extend. [展开更多
We report a molecular dynamics study of structural and transport properties of liquid nickel under high pres- sures. Pressure dependencies of pair distribution function and pair correlation entropy along the melting l...We report a molecular dynamics study of structural and transport properties of liquid nickel under high pres- sures. Pressure dependencies of pair distribution function and pair correlation entropy along the melting line indicate that the configuration change along melting lines decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated diffusion coefficients and viscosity by using entropy-scaling laws with modified parameters and ideal parameters are compared with those extracted from mean-square displacement or the Stokes-Einstein relation. The results suggest that the entropy-scaling laws hold well for coefficients and viscosity increase moderately with liquid nickel under high-pressure conditions, and the diffusion pressure along melting lines.展开更多
The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulatio...The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.展开更多
The distribution of pesticide by-product in tissues of wistar rats were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of detection of the HPLC was 0.1 μg. Results show bioaccumulation factor of pestic...The distribution of pesticide by-product in tissues of wistar rats were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of detection of the HPLC was 0.1 μg. Results show bioaccumulation factor of pesticide “Raid?” in lipid, up to three times that of the feed at the first concentration and gradually decreased as the concentration increased in the muscle > (0.7), brain > (0.5) and liver > (0.3) as indicated in the text. At higher concentration of 961 μg/g, bioaccumulation factor decreased in the lipid to 1.2 and 0.6 in the muscle, 0.03 in the brain and 0.08 in the liver respectively. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raid extract suggests the presence of micprothrin and palethrin. The implications are numerous, but simply put that accidental ingestion of chlorinated hydrocarbon as in “Raid?” may involve convulsions, collapse and coma after only brief excitation and ataxia at the onset.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack suffici...BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack sufficient accuracy for routine clinical use.Identifying a non-invasive molecular signature that accurately detects liver disease could improve early diagnosis and monitoring.We hypothesized that the Liver FibraChek Dx■serum assay could discriminate MASLD and HCC from healthy controls using a multiplex biomarker-based algorithm.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Liver FibraChek Dx■assay for detecting MASLD and HCC.METHODS This was a prospective,single-center study conducted in a United States tertiary care setting.Serum samples were collected from 45 participants(14 MASLD,19 HCC,12 healthy controls)with liver histology confirmed by biopsy.The Liver FibraChek Dx■algorithm integrates weighted values of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,taurocholic acid,L-tyrosine,platelet count,and patient age to generate a risk score.Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess associations with histologic diagnosis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves quantified diagnostic performance.RESULTS Liver FibraChek Dx■risk scores were significantly elevated in MASLD and HCC compared to controls(median:6.92±3.86 vs 3.61±1.67,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.890(95%CI:0.776-1.000)for distinguishing diseased from healthy individuals.Sensitivity was 93.9%,specificity 75.0%,positive predictive value 91.1%,negative predictive value 81.8%,and overall accuracy 88.9%.CONCLUSION The Liver FibraChek Dx■assay accurately detects liver disease and shows promise as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring MASLD and HCC.展开更多
Shugan Quzhi capsule is a hospital preparation of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. It has been used for the treatment of adult patients with fatty liver caused by obesity...Shugan Quzhi capsule is a hospital preparation of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. It has been used for the treatment of adult patients with fatty liver caused by obesity, high cholesterol and other factors. In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 4 saponin ingredients including Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl present in Shugan Quzhi capsule. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and aqueous solution consisted of 0.05% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium acetate. Gradient elution rate was 0.3 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 ℃ MS was conducted using electrospray ionisation （ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） coupled with positive and negative scanning switch. With which, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were detected using negative ion mode detection while Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl and internal standard （Ginsenoside F1） were detected using positive ion mode detection. The limits of quantification （LOQ） for Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were 6.54× 10-4, 2.57×104, 0.11 and 6.91 × 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. The limits of detection （LOD） for these compounds were 1.96×10-4, 7.70×10-5, 3.45× 10-2, and 2.07× 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed a good linearity （r2〉0.9633） within the test range. The intra- and inter-day precisions （relative standard deviation, RSD） were lower than 5% and the average recoveries were in the range of 80%-120%. With this method, four kinds of saponins were separated and detected in 6 min. This method is simple, rapid and shows high sensitivity and accuracy.展开更多
In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 11 compounds in two hospital preparations （Shegan mixture ...In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 11 compounds in two hospital preparations （Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules）, including ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. Eleven analytes and IS were detected using ESI and MRM combined with positive and negative scanning switch. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, scutellarin and belamcandin were detected using negative ion mode detection, whereas ephedrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin were detected using positive ion mode detection. The quantification limits of ephedrine, caffeic acid, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, irisfiorentin and wogonin were 4.90×10^-3 ng/mL, 7.80 ng/mL, 6.8 ng/mL, 5.3×10^-2 ng/mL, 4.20×10^-3 ng/mL, 4.6×10^-2 ng/mL, 1.44×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.85 ng/mL, 0.23 ng/mL, 3.18× 10^-4 ng/mL and 2.95× 10^-4 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits of these components were 2.90× 10^-4 ng/mL, 0.77 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL, 0.016 ng/mL, 1.3×10^-3 ng/mL, 3.33×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.32×10^-5 ng/mL, 1.46 ng/mL, 0.07 ng/mL, 9.5×10^-5 ng/mL and 8.84× 10^-5 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed good linearity （R^2〉0.99） within the test range. The RSD values of intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the average recovery rates of the 11 components ranged fi＇om 80% to 120%. In conclusion, our newly developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. It could be used to determine ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin in Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules, which was helpful for the quality control of drugs.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） families and to screen the germline mutations of human mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the probands...AIM： To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） families and to screen the germline mutations of human mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the probands. METHODS： Thirty-one independent Chinese HNPCC families were collected in Zhejiang Province. All of them met Chinese HNPCC criteria. Clinical data about patient gender, site of colorectal cancer, age of onset, history of multiple colorectal cancer, associated extracolonic cancer were recorded. PCR and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） were employed to screen the mutations. Sequencing analysis was used to find out the exact mutation site and characteristics of the samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles. RESULTS： One hundred and thirty-six malignant neoplasms were found in 107 patients including 14 multiple cancers. One hundred and six of the 136 neoplasms （77.9%） were diagnosed as colorectal cancer, with an average age of onset at 48.57 ±29.00 years. Gastric cancer was the most common extracolonic cancer （10.3%） in these families. Twenty-three different sequence variations in hMLHI and hMSH2 genes were detected in these 17 families. Fifteen sequence variations were located in the exons, including 5 SNPs, 3 silent mutations, 3 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations and 2 frameshift mutations. The latter seven mutations seemed to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION： Germline mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes are identified in about one-third HNPCC kindreds fulfilling Chinese HNPCC criteria. Chinese HNPCC families have some particular clinical characteristics, such as a left-sided predominance, less synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer, and frequent occurrence of gastric cancer.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To identify the constituents in Shuanghuanglian injection(SHLI) that correlate with anaphylactoid reaction.METHODS: Chemical fingerprints of 10 batches SHLI samples were determined by High Performance Liqui...OBJECTIVE: To identify the constituents in Shuanghuanglian injection(SHLI) that correlate with anaphylactoid reaction.METHODS: Chemical fingerprints of 10 batches SHLI samples were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC), and further investigated by similarity analysis. Combined with optical microscopy, both anaphylactoid experiments and confirmatory assay were displayed in Rat basophil leukemia cells(RBL-2H3) to obtain the histamine release inducing by SHLI. The content of histamine was tested by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent As-say method. Partial least squares regression(PLSR)method and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSntechnology were conducted to analyze constituents in SHLI involving anaphylactoid reaction.RESULTS: The results of spectrum and effect relationships showed that the eight constituents were positively correlated with anaphylactoid reaction.Among which, nearly 90% of them were identified as baicalin and rutin with PLSR and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. This result was in accordance with confirmatory assay on RBL-2H3 cells.CONCLUSION: Baicalin and rutin from SHLI were the main constituents involving anaphylactoid reaction.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of phospholipid complex of flavonoids from persimmon leaves(PLF-PC)on atherosclerosis,and to study its mechanism behind the action.METHODS:To clarify the constituents of the flavo...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of phospholipid complex of flavonoids from persimmon leaves(PLF-PC)on atherosclerosis,and to study its mechanism behind the action.METHODS:To clarify the constituents of the flavonoids from persimmon leaves(PLF),an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was established.To enhance the anti-atherosclerotic effect of PLF,a newly emerging approach based on the combination of phospholipid complexation technique was employed.PLF-PC was prepared by the solvent-evaporation method then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Powder X-Ray Diffractometry and Scanning electron microscopy.A model of oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein-induced injury on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was established to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of PLF-PC versus PLF.The levels of nitric oxide,endothelial nitric oxide synthase,intracellular adhesion molecule-1,reactive oxygen species,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor-αand nuclear factor-κB were observed via assay kits.RESULTS:A total of 31 compounds were identified in PLF.PLF-PC showed better anti-atherosclerotic power compared with PLF,moreover,enzyme linked immuneosorbent assay analysis showed that the PLF-PC may effect on endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis via antioxidant-related mechanisms.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings elucidated that PLF-PC significantly enhanced the PLF’s efficacy on atherosclerosis.展开更多
To investigate the exon mutation of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase （GGCX or VKDC） in patients with calcium oxalate urolithasis, renal cortex and peripheral blood samples were obtained from severe hyd...To investigate the exon mutation of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase （GGCX or VKDC） in patients with calcium oxalate urolithasis, renal cortex and peripheral blood samples were obtained from severe hydronephrosis patients （with or without calculi）, and renal tumor patients undergoing nephrectomy. GGCX mutations in all 15 exons were examined in 44 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis （COU） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denatured high pressure liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and confirmed by sequencing. Mutation was not found in all COU samples compared to the controls. These data demonstrated that functional GGCX mutations in all 15 exons do not occur in most COU patients. It was suggested that there may be no significant association between the low activity and mutation of GGCX in COU.展开更多
A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with evaporative light scattering detection （ELSD） has been developed for the quantitative analysis of hupehenine in the total alkaloids from Friti...A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with evaporative light scattering detection （ELSD） has been developed for the quantitative analysis of hupehenine in the total alkaloids from Fritillaria hupehensis. Samples were analyzed on a reverse-phase column （Hypersil C-18） with a mobile phase of methanol：water：chloroform： triethylamine （85：15：1：0.6）. The ELSD was set at the drift tube temperature of 68.3℃ and gas flow rate of 1.8 L/min. Hupehenine＇s retention time was 13.7 min with an asymmetry factor of 1.2. The validity of the method has been verified with linearity, limit of detection, accuracy and precision. The logarithmic linear curve was obtained from 8.936 to 134.04 μg/mL （r=0.9993）. The detection limit （S/N〉3） of hupehenine was 1.79 μg/mL on the column. Intra-day RSD was 1.42% and inter-day RSD was 2.26% （3 days within a week）. The average recovery of hupehenine was 101.50%, and RSD was 1.62%.展开更多
The effects of the secondary gradient crystallizing pressure, temperature and time on the purity and crystallization ratio of andrographolide were investigated via single factor experiments. The shape of crystal was...The effects of the secondary gradient crystallizing pressure, temperature and time on the purity and crystallization ratio of andrographolide were investigated via single factor experiments. The shape of crystal was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The purity of andrographolide was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the optimized parameters were pressure 14 MPa, temperature 55℃, time 60 min, and CO2 flow rate 15 L min-1, under these conditions the particle of andrographolide was much smaller, the crystal of andrographolide was distributed in floccule on crystal board,with the purity of andrographolide 92.5%, the crystallization ratio 48.9%.展开更多
文摘Beijing Aerospace System Engineering Institute of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) declared recently that theinstitute has set up a laboratory whichwould operate a newly
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0600104)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 18010401)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902043)the Science and Technology Foundation Project in Guizhou Province([2019]1316,[2020]1Z032)。
文摘This paper introduces a 100 MPa water gas twophase fluid pressurization device.The device can provide 100 MPa gas pressure and 200 MPa liquid pressure for small volume(<20 mL)high-pressure experimental devices.This device can make the pressure control independent of the temperature control without changing the material components of the system.The resolution of this device in adjusting the pressure is±0.2 MPa in the process of boosting and depressurizing.This pressure boosting device generates very little vibration during work and it can be used in experiments with strict requirements on vibration.As a thermodynamic parameter,pressure has a great influence on matter.In the field of experimental geochemistry,pressure is not only an experimental method and an extreme condition but an important physical parameter independent of temperature and chemical composition.
基金National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.81222051)National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2012ZX09103201-036,2012ZX09301002-002-002 and 2012ZX09304-005)
文摘The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guided by a developed fingerprint. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside（1）, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（2）, rutin（3）, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside（5）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（6）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside（7）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-Drutinoside（8）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-D-glucosyl 7-O-β-D-glucuronide（9）, isosafflomin C（10）, safflomin C（11） and hydroxysafflor yellow A（12） by spectroscopic analysis and comparing with the literature. Our results demonstrated that preparative pressurized liquid chromatography combined with HPLC fingerprint guide is an efficient tool to isolate the target compounds quickly.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on Processing Mechanism of Jinger Juice-processed Rhizoma Coptidis Based on Nature,Pharmaceutical Effects and Material Base(No.81260643)Study on Mechanism Of Difference Of Ginger Juice Made From Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and Zingiberis Rhizoma Relating to Processing(No.81460605)+1 种基金Study on the Mechanism of The Change of Nature of Aconitum Processed with Ginger Juice Based on the Theory of’Treating the Drug Being Hot Nature with Hot-natured Assistant to Strength the Hot Nature of The Drug’(No.81660663)Jiangxi Provincial Special Fund for Innovation of Postgraduates in 2019:Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Jianchangbang Yinfupian and Yangfupian in the Treatment of Male and Female Yang-deficiency Syndrome(No.YC2019-B112)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the cardiotonic activity of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,RALP)and its fingerprint determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).METHODS:First,the fingerprints of six processed products of RALP were established by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)followed by analysis of the principal component of the relative peak area of its common peaks.Next,the scores of the first five principal components were used as input for an artificial neural network(ANN).Additionally,the therapeutic effect of RALP was assessed by measuring the hemodynamic indexes of heart failure model rats.Subsequently,fluorescence semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit were used to determine the effects of RALP-processed products on the serum levels of noradrenaline(NA),angiotensin-Ⅰ(Ang-Ⅰ),and the expression ofβ-norepinephrine receptor m RNA(β-NRm)in the rat cardiac tissues.P<0.05 was used as the output of the ANN.Finally,a network was constructed to display the relationship between the LC-MS fingerprints and the cardiotonic activity of the RALP-processed products.RESULTS:Several types of RALPs can improve diastolic function,systolic function and heart rate.On the basis of the findings from the principal component analysis(PCA)of 16 common peaks of fingerprints of six RALP-processed products,it was revealed that the first five principal components may include 100%of the information of the original data.As observed from the multilayer perceptron neural network analysis,principal component 4 presented with the strongest effects on serum levels of NA and Ang-Ⅰin rats,while principal component1 exerted the greatest effect onβ-NRm expression in cardiac tissue.CONCLUSION:The key findings obtained from this study indicated that the network constructed by the PCA-ANN may predict pharmacodynamic effects of the main ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This method may serve as a new approach to identify the relationship between LC-MS fingerprints and the pharmacodynamic effects of TCM ingredients.
基金Supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation Program of Comparative Study of Abnormal Savda and Stasis-Phlegm Syndrome Tumor Patients Based on Metabonomics(No.81160459)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Xinjiang Medical University of Metabonomic Study of Abnormal Savda Tumor Patients(No.2012-27)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate metabolic signatures in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda using plasma-free amino acid profiles, and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these profiles for the detection and explanation of the mechanisms of different symptoms in traditional Uyghur medicine.METHODS: Plasma samples from cancer patients with abnormal Savda(n=85) or non-abnormal Savda(n=105) and a healthy control group(n=65)were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Orthogonal projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis was used for the classification and prediction of abnormal Savda, and spectral profiles were subjected to Student's t-tests to assess statistical significance.RESULTS: Compared with the healthy group, the levels of aspartic acid, glutamate, glycine, histidine,arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, methionine,isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine decreased significantly in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda(all P<0.05). Serine, cystine, tyrosine,valine and lysine levels showed no significant differences(all P>0.05). Compared with non-abnormal Savda syndrome patients, abnormal Savda syndrome patients showed high concentrations of glutamate, serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine(all P<0.05). The remaining plasma amino acids showed no significant differences(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Plasma-free amino acid profiling has the potential to assist in understanding and determining abnormal Savda. A HPLC-based metabonomic platform could be a powerful tool for the classification of symptoms in traditional medicine.
基金supported by the Major National S&T Program(No.2011ZX06004-016-002)the Shenyang R&D Center for Advanced Materials,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences for support of this work
文摘The relationship between the vapor pressure of liquid copper and the flow rate of carrier gas argon was discussed, when the carrier gas method was used to determine the vapor pressure of liquid copper at 1892 K. The proper argon flow rate range obtained was 150-500 mL/min and enough evidence was provided to verify the vapor pressure-flow rate of carrier gas relationship at the target temperature. Based on the proper flow rate range, the vapor pressure of liquid copper was measured at 1609-1892 K. The relationship of vapor pressure-temperature obtained by the method of regression analysis can be expressed as： In（p/Pa） = （25.470 -I- 0.903） - （39099.8 -4- 1574.5）/T, Further, the thermodynamic properties including the heat of vaporization and the Gibbs free energy of the Cu （I） = Cu （g） reaction were calculated by the vapor pressiJre obtained over the temperature range covered.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation of Shanxi. Selected form Proceedings of 2000the First Inte
文摘A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. And a set of pressure controlling devices with PLC as a central processor are designed. It can be got from the relevant experiments that the pressure-stroke characteristic is correct and its control for forming process is available.
文摘Solid liquid state pressure bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys, which contain a small amount of intermetallic compounds Al 3Ti or Al 3Zr, was investigated. With this new method, the heat resistant properties of the bonding zone metal are improved, and the joints’ strengths at high temperature is increased. The joints’ shear strength at room temperature and at 600 ℃ reach 126～133 MPa and 32～34 MPa, respectively, with suitable bonding pressure. The reaction between aluminum and Si 3N 4 ceramics, which produces Al Si N O type compounds is the dominant interfacial reaction, while the reactions between the second active element Ti or Zr in the aluminum based alloys and Si 3N 4 ceramics also occur to some extend. [
基金Supported by the Science and Research Foundation of Sichuan Educational Committee under Grant Nos 13ZB0211 and 13ZA0198the Open Research Fund of Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province under Grant No JSWL2014KF06
文摘We report a molecular dynamics study of structural and transport properties of liquid nickel under high pres- sures. Pressure dependencies of pair distribution function and pair correlation entropy along the melting line indicate that the configuration change along melting lines decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated diffusion coefficients and viscosity by using entropy-scaling laws with modified parameters and ideal parameters are compared with those extracted from mean-square displacement or the Stokes-Einstein relation. The results suggest that the entropy-scaling laws hold well for coefficients and viscosity increase moderately with liquid nickel under high-pressure conditions, and the diffusion pressure along melting lines.
基金RαProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11072242)the Research and Development Program of Science and Technology of Higher Education of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.20121029)
文摘The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.
文摘The distribution of pesticide by-product in tissues of wistar rats were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of detection of the HPLC was 0.1 μg. Results show bioaccumulation factor of pesticide “Raid?” in lipid, up to three times that of the feed at the first concentration and gradually decreased as the concentration increased in the muscle > (0.7), brain > (0.5) and liver > (0.3) as indicated in the text. At higher concentration of 961 μg/g, bioaccumulation factor decreased in the lipid to 1.2 and 0.6 in the muscle, 0.03 in the brain and 0.08 in the liver respectively. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raid extract suggests the presence of micprothrin and palethrin. The implications are numerous, but simply put that accidental ingestion of chlorinated hydrocarbon as in “Raid?” may involve convulsions, collapse and coma after only brief excitation and ataxia at the onset.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack sufficient accuracy for routine clinical use.Identifying a non-invasive molecular signature that accurately detects liver disease could improve early diagnosis and monitoring.We hypothesized that the Liver FibraChek Dx■serum assay could discriminate MASLD and HCC from healthy controls using a multiplex biomarker-based algorithm.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Liver FibraChek Dx■assay for detecting MASLD and HCC.METHODS This was a prospective,single-center study conducted in a United States tertiary care setting.Serum samples were collected from 45 participants(14 MASLD,19 HCC,12 healthy controls)with liver histology confirmed by biopsy.The Liver FibraChek Dx■algorithm integrates weighted values of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,taurocholic acid,L-tyrosine,platelet count,and patient age to generate a risk score.Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess associations with histologic diagnosis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves quantified diagnostic performance.RESULTS Liver FibraChek Dx■risk scores were significantly elevated in MASLD and HCC compared to controls(median:6.92±3.86 vs 3.61±1.67,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.890(95%CI:0.776-1.000)for distinguishing diseased from healthy individuals.Sensitivity was 93.9%,specificity 75.0%,positive predictive value 91.1%,negative predictive value 81.8%,and overall accuracy 88.9%.CONCLUSION The Liver FibraChek Dx■assay accurately detects liver disease and shows promise as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring MASLD and HCC.
基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Chinese Medicine Research and Development Fund(Grant No.2014XP001A)Shanghai Health Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Fund(Grant No.2012G003A)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission of outstanding young teachers in special fund(Grant No.ZZjdyx13092)
文摘Shugan Quzhi capsule is a hospital preparation of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. It has been used for the treatment of adult patients with fatty liver caused by obesity, high cholesterol and other factors. In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 4 saponin ingredients including Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl present in Shugan Quzhi capsule. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and aqueous solution consisted of 0.05% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium acetate. Gradient elution rate was 0.3 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 ℃ MS was conducted using electrospray ionisation （ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） coupled with positive and negative scanning switch. With which, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were detected using negative ion mode detection while Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl and internal standard （Ginsenoside F1） were detected using positive ion mode detection. The limits of quantification （LOQ） for Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were 6.54× 10-4, 2.57×104, 0.11 and 6.91 × 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. The limits of detection （LOD） for these compounds were 1.96×10-4, 7.70×10-5, 3.45× 10-2, and 2.07× 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed a good linearity （r2〉0.9633） within the test range. The intra- and inter-day precisions （relative standard deviation, RSD） were lower than 5% and the average recoveries were in the range of 80%-120%. With this method, four kinds of saponins were separated and detected in 6 min. This method is simple, rapid and shows high sensitivity and accuracy.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Fund(Grant No.11DZ1972500)Shanghai Health Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Fund(Grant No.2012G003A)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission of Outstanding Young Teachers in Special Fund(Grant No.ZZjdyx13092)
文摘In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 11 compounds in two hospital preparations （Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules）, including ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. Eleven analytes and IS were detected using ESI and MRM combined with positive and negative scanning switch. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, scutellarin and belamcandin were detected using negative ion mode detection, whereas ephedrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin were detected using positive ion mode detection. The quantification limits of ephedrine, caffeic acid, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, irisfiorentin and wogonin were 4.90×10^-3 ng/mL, 7.80 ng/mL, 6.8 ng/mL, 5.3×10^-2 ng/mL, 4.20×10^-3 ng/mL, 4.6×10^-2 ng/mL, 1.44×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.85 ng/mL, 0.23 ng/mL, 3.18× 10^-4 ng/mL and 2.95× 10^-4 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits of these components were 2.90× 10^-4 ng/mL, 0.77 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL, 0.016 ng/mL, 1.3×10^-3 ng/mL, 3.33×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.32×10^-5 ng/mL, 1.46 ng/mL, 0.07 ng/mL, 9.5×10^-5 ng/mL and 8.84× 10^-5 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed good linearity （R^2〉0.99） within the test range. The RSD values of intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the average recovery rates of the 11 components ranged fi＇om 80% to 120%. In conclusion, our newly developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. It could be used to determine ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin in Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules, which was helpful for the quality control of drugs.
基金Supported by the Subdivisional Project of the "863" High Technology Research and Program of China, No. 2001AA227111
文摘AIM： To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） families and to screen the germline mutations of human mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the probands. METHODS： Thirty-one independent Chinese HNPCC families were collected in Zhejiang Province. All of them met Chinese HNPCC criteria. Clinical data about patient gender, site of colorectal cancer, age of onset, history of multiple colorectal cancer, associated extracolonic cancer were recorded. PCR and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） were employed to screen the mutations. Sequencing analysis was used to find out the exact mutation site and characteristics of the samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles. RESULTS： One hundred and thirty-six malignant neoplasms were found in 107 patients including 14 multiple cancers. One hundred and six of the 136 neoplasms （77.9%） were diagnosed as colorectal cancer, with an average age of onset at 48.57 ±29.00 years. Gastric cancer was the most common extracolonic cancer （10.3%） in these families. Twenty-three different sequence variations in hMLHI and hMSH2 genes were detected in these 17 families. Fifteen sequence variations were located in the exons, including 5 SNPs, 3 silent mutations, 3 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations and 2 frameshift mutations. The latter seven mutations seemed to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION： Germline mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes are identified in about one-third HNPCC kindreds fulfilling Chinese HNPCC criteria. Chinese HNPCC families have some particular clinical characteristics, such as a left-sided predominance, less synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer, and frequent occurrence of gastric cancer.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China(the Research of Repair Mechanisms Based on the Neural Stem Cells Niche Regulation of Chinese Medicine After Brain Damage,No.81373830)National ScienceTechnology Major Projects for"Major New Drugs Innovation and Development"(Technology Reform of Shuanghuanglian Powder Injection,No.2011ZX09201-201-15)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To identify the constituents in Shuanghuanglian injection(SHLI) that correlate with anaphylactoid reaction.METHODS: Chemical fingerprints of 10 batches SHLI samples were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC), and further investigated by similarity analysis. Combined with optical microscopy, both anaphylactoid experiments and confirmatory assay were displayed in Rat basophil leukemia cells(RBL-2H3) to obtain the histamine release inducing by SHLI. The content of histamine was tested by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent As-say method. Partial least squares regression(PLSR)method and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSntechnology were conducted to analyze constituents in SHLI involving anaphylactoid reaction.RESULTS: The results of spectrum and effect relationships showed that the eight constituents were positively correlated with anaphylactoid reaction.Among which, nearly 90% of them were identified as baicalin and rutin with PLSR and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. This result was in accordance with confirmatory assay on RBL-2H3 cells.CONCLUSION: Baicalin and rutin from SHLI were the main constituents involving anaphylactoid reaction.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Research on Evaluation Technology of New Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Big Data of Classical Prescription,No.2019ZX09201005)International Cooperation Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(China-Germany International Cooperation in Innovative Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Botanical Medicine,No.0610-2140NF020630)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of phospholipid complex of flavonoids from persimmon leaves(PLF-PC)on atherosclerosis,and to study its mechanism behind the action.METHODS:To clarify the constituents of the flavonoids from persimmon leaves(PLF),an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was established.To enhance the anti-atherosclerotic effect of PLF,a newly emerging approach based on the combination of phospholipid complexation technique was employed.PLF-PC was prepared by the solvent-evaporation method then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Powder X-Ray Diffractometry and Scanning electron microscopy.A model of oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein-induced injury on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was established to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of PLF-PC versus PLF.The levels of nitric oxide,endothelial nitric oxide synthase,intracellular adhesion molecule-1,reactive oxygen species,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor-αand nuclear factor-κB were observed via assay kits.RESULTS:A total of 31 compounds were identified in PLF.PLF-PC showed better anti-atherosclerotic power compared with PLF,moreover,enzyme linked immuneosorbent assay analysis showed that the PLF-PC may effect on endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis via antioxidant-related mechanisms.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings elucidated that PLF-PC significantly enhanced the PLF’s efficacy on atherosclerosis.
文摘To investigate the exon mutation of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase （GGCX or VKDC） in patients with calcium oxalate urolithasis, renal cortex and peripheral blood samples were obtained from severe hydronephrosis patients （with or without calculi）, and renal tumor patients undergoing nephrectomy. GGCX mutations in all 15 exons were examined in 44 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis （COU） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denatured high pressure liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and confirmed by sequencing. Mutation was not found in all COU samples compared to the controls. These data demonstrated that functional GGCX mutations in all 15 exons do not occur in most COU patients. It was suggested that there may be no significant association between the low activity and mutation of GGCX in COU.
基金a grant from the State Ad-ministration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China (No. D2X004A)
文摘A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with evaporative light scattering detection （ELSD） has been developed for the quantitative analysis of hupehenine in the total alkaloids from Fritillaria hupehensis. Samples were analyzed on a reverse-phase column （Hypersil C-18） with a mobile phase of methanol：water：chloroform： triethylamine （85：15：1：0.6）. The ELSD was set at the drift tube temperature of 68.3℃ and gas flow rate of 1.8 L/min. Hupehenine＇s retention time was 13.7 min with an asymmetry factor of 1.2. The validity of the method has been verified with linearity, limit of detection, accuracy and precision. The logarithmic linear curve was obtained from 8.936 to 134.04 μg/mL （r=0.9993）. The detection limit （S/N〉3） of hupehenine was 1.79 μg/mL on the column. Intra-day RSD was 1.42% and inter-day RSD was 2.26% （3 days within a week）. The average recovery of hupehenine was 101.50%, and RSD was 1.62%.
基金financially supported by the National Natura1 Science Foundation of China(29976008)
文摘The effects of the secondary gradient crystallizing pressure, temperature and time on the purity and crystallization ratio of andrographolide were investigated via single factor experiments. The shape of crystal was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The purity of andrographolide was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the optimized parameters were pressure 14 MPa, temperature 55℃, time 60 min, and CO2 flow rate 15 L min-1, under these conditions the particle of andrographolide was much smaller, the crystal of andrographolide was distributed in floccule on crystal board,with the purity of andrographolide 92.5%, the crystallization ratio 48.9%.
