Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinat...Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chrom...Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Forty-two male mice were used.The mice were divided into six groups:normal control,high-fat diet control,simvastatin treatment(20 mg/kg BW/day),and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract(100,200,300 mg/kg BW/day)treatment groups.Food intake,body weight,serum parameters,lipid profile,and histopathological lesions of the kidney,liver,and epididymal fat were observed.Results:LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract:luteolin,apigenin,baicalein,and oroxylin A.Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract.Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level(P<0.05),whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group.Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver.Conclusions:Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice,and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract,both flavonoids and volatile oils,should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.展开更多
Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide ev...Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.展开更多
AIM：To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）.METHODS：We searched the databases of Pub Med,Embase and Cochrane Library Ce...AIM：To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）.METHODS：We searched the databases of Pub Med,Embase and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）and abstracts from main annual meetings up to January 1,2017.Google scholar and Clinical Trials.gov were also searched for unpublished relevant studies.We included randomized controlled trials（RCTs）that studied lipid-lowering agents in type 1 or type 2 diabetes in this Meta-analysis.The primary endpoint was the progression of DR,and the secondary endpoints included vision loss,development of diabetic macular edema（DME）and aggravation of hard exudates.The pooled odds ratios（OR）with corresponding 95%confidence intervals（95%CIs）were calculated.RESULTS：After systemic and manual literature search by two independent investigators,we included 8 RCTs from 7 published articles with 13 454 participants in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that lipid-lowering drugs were associated with reduced risk in DR progression[OR=0.77（95%CI：0.62,0.96）,P=0.02].Lipid-lowering agents might have protective effect on DME compared to placebo,although the difference was not statistically significant[OR=0.60（95%CI：0.34,1.08）,P=0.09].However,no significant differences in the worsening of vision acuity[OR=0.96（95%CI：0.81,1.14）,P=0.64]and hard exudates[OR=0.50（95%CI：0.15,1.74）,P=0.28]were found between the lipidlowering drugs and the placebo groups.CONCLUSION：In DR patients,lipid-lowering agents show a protective effect on DR progression and might be associated with reduced risk in the development of DME.However,lipid-lowering agents have no effects on vision loss and hard exudates aggravation.Further clinical trials in larger scale are required to confirm the conclusion of this study and thus justify the use of intensive control lipids with anti-lipid agents at the early stages of DR.展开更多
Highland barley is a well-known cereal in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area with high nutritional value,which has been reported to be a health-promoting grain for the obesity and the diabetes.Fermentation by certain microbio...Highland barley is a well-known cereal in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area with high nutritional value,which has been reported to be a health-promoting grain for the obesity and the diabetes.Fermentation by certain microbiota can improve the flavor property and nutritional characteristics.In the present study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were singly or jointly applied to ferment highland barley,and the profile of volatile substances and lipid-lowering effects of the respective extracts were analyzed.Results indicated that either L.plantarum or S.cerevisiae or co-fermentation could consume the polysaccharides of highland barley to provide energy,and dramatically increase the contents of total protein and polyphenol.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis revealed that the presence of S.cerevisiae was critical for production of the pleasant flavors,especially for the ethyl ester substances including hexadecanoic acid ethyl,hexanoic acid ethyl ester and so on.Meanwhile,we found that fermented highland barley extracts by L.plantarum exhibited stronger lipid-lowering effects in Caenorhabditis elegans than that by S.cerevisiae,while the co-fermentation not only emitted pleasant odors but also exerted high hypolipidemic function.In all,co-fermentation by L.plantarum and S.cerevisiae was proposed to be a promising processing to improve the flavor and functional properties of highland barley.展开更多
Hymoins A–C(1–3),three unusual polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols(PPAPs)were isolated from the flowers of Hypericum monogynum.Hymoin A features the first intriguing 6/5/5/5/7 pentacyclic caged PPAP.Hymoin...Hymoins A–C(1–3),three unusual polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols(PPAPs)were isolated from the flowers of Hypericum monogynum.Hymoin A features the first intriguing 6/5/5/5/7 pentacyclic caged PPAP.Hymoin B is characterized by an unprecedented rearranged 5/6/8 tricyclic ring system,while hymoin C represents the first rearranged PPAP with a fantastic spirocyclic 5/6/7 ring system.Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis,X-ray crystallography,and computational methods.The plausible biosynthetic routes for the compounds were also proposed.In oleic acid(OA)-induced HepG2 cells,all compounds exhibited significant lipid-lowering activity at the concentrations of 2–8μmol/L.Further mechanistic study implied that compound 1 exhibited excellent lipid-lowering activity in OA-induced HepG2 cells through inhibiting the proteins of free fatty acids synthesis and improving lipidolysis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the impact of early initiation of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on the postoperative efficacy and inflammatory factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing percutaneous c...Objective:To investigate the impact of early initiation of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on the postoperative efficacy and inflammatory factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 100 ACS patients undergoing PCI admitted to our hospital were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into a control group(treated with statin combined with ezetimibe,n=41),a study group 1(initiated with statin combined with PCSK9 inhibitor immediately after surgery,n=32),and a study group 2(routinely administered oral statin and initiated with combined PCSK9 inhibitor before discharge,n=27).The therapeutic efficacy,inflammatory factor levels,and incidence of adverse events were compared and analyzed among the three groups.Results:The therapeutic regimen in study group 1 demonstrated the optimal efficacy and impact on inflammatory factors,followed by study group 2,while the control group showed relatively weaker efficacy,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 30.00%in the control group,5.00%in study group 1,and 10.00%in study group 2,with statistically significant differences among the groups(p<0.05),with the lowest incidence observed in study group 1.Conclusion:Early intensive lipid-lowering therapy can effectively improve lipid metabolism,suppress inflammatory responses,and reduce cardiovascular events in ACS patients after PCI,suggesting its pleiotropic cardiovascular protective effects.展开更多
As a dark tea,Pu-erh tea(PET)is produced from sun-dried leaves of Camellia sinensis var.assamica mainly in Yunnan Province of China.Many microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of PET.Among them,Aspergillus ni...As a dark tea,Pu-erh tea(PET)is produced from sun-dried leaves of Camellia sinensis var.assamica mainly in Yunnan Province of China.Many microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of PET.Among them,Aspergillus niger is most important.It is believed that the longer the preservation period,the better is the quality and taste of PET,which is commercially available as loose,compressed or instant tea leaves.Chemical components of PET include flavones,flavanols,flavonols,phenolic acids,alkaloids and methylxanthines.In this overview,the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects of PET were discussed based on animal models and human trials,and our study provided some insights into possible mechanisms of bioactive compounds,such as theabrownin,catechins,lovastatin and gallic acid.Other bioactivities of PET and some information on Fuzhuan brick tea were also included.Sources of information cited were from Google Scholar,Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,J-Stage,Pub Chem,Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).展开更多
Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative patho...Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 group...AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.展开更多
Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forc...Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.展开更多
The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) underg...The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) undergoes an antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at T_(N)∼5 K.Under high pressures within 8.9 GPa,we find that Kondo scattering contributes differently to the high-temperature resistance,R(T),depending on the applied current direction,demonstrating a significantly anisotropic Kondo effect.The complete P–T phase diagram has been constructed,in which the pressure dependence of T_(N) exhibits a dome-like shape.The AFM order remains robust under pressure,even when the coherence temperature T^(*) far exceeds 300 K.We attribute the observed anisotropic Kondo effect and the robust AFM to the underlying anisotropy in electronic hybridization under high pressure.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenv...Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenvatinib and everolimus represents a viable option,and the present review aimed to summarize its activity,effectiveness,and safety.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed,targeting studies published between 2018 and 2025.Eligible studies included English-language prospective and retrospective trials reporting survival outcomes in mRCC patients treated with lenvatinib and everolimus after at least one ICI-containing regimen.Results:Nine studies met the inclusion criteria,encompassing a total of 441 patients.The lenvatinib and everolimus combination was primarily used in the third and subsequent lines of therapy.Median overall survival ranged from 7.5 to 24.5 months,while median progression-free survival was more consistent,between 6.1 and 6.7 months,except for one study reporting 12.9 months.Objective response rates varied widely(14.0%–55.7%).Adverse events of grade≥3 did not exceed the expected rate,with diarrhoea and proteinuria as the most reported events.Dose reductions and treatment discontinuations due to toxicity occurred but were generally lower than in prior pivotal trials.Conclusions:Real-world evidence suggests that lenvatinib and everolimus represent an effective and safe option after ICI failure in mRCC patients.Nevertheless,the lack of randomized phase III trials and the heterogeneity of existing studies highlight the need for more robust prospective research to guide post-ICI therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and l...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract(JHFE)and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.Methods:A hyperlipidemia model was esta...Objective:The objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract(JHFE)and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.Methods:A hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet(HFD).After treatment for 30 days,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer.The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS.Results:The TC,TG,and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment.A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids(PA),4 phenylethanoid glycosides(PG),24 flavonoids(F),14 triterpenoids(T),10 diterpenoid glycosides(D),18 alkaloids(A)and 10 others(O)were identified.Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang.Furthermore,68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites.The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1/6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside(PEG)and lirinidine.A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized.The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipidlowering effect from high to low were A,F,PG,PA,D and T.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model.Specific types of PA,PG,F,D,T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE.This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined...Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined in the last decades, its prevalence increased and is expected to rise further as a result of the increasing incidence of type 2 DM(T2DM) and the longer life expectancy of patients with DM. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial. Some observational studies suggested an association between dyslipidemia and the development and progression of retinopathy in patients with DM but others did not confirm this association. Regarding lipid-lowering agents, studies that evaluated the role of statins in the management of these patients are mostly small and yielded discrepant results. Large randomized studies with statins in patients with T2DM showed no benefit of these agents on diabetic retinopathy but were not designed to address this effect. In contrast, both preclinical data and two large randomized controlled studies, the FIELD and the ACCORD trial, showed that fenofibrate delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Even though the mechanisms underpinning this favorable effect are not entirely clear, these findings suggest that fenofibrate might represent a useful tool for the management of diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Ochrosia borbonica led to the isolation of two known pyridocarbazole alkaloids,ellipticine(1)and 9-methoxyellipticine(2),and six known monoterpenoid indole alka...Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Ochrosia borbonica led to the isolation of two known pyridocarbazole alkaloids,ellipticine(1)and 9-methoxyellipticine(2),and six known monoterpenoid indole alkaloids(3-8).Lipid-lowering assay in 3 T3-L1 cell model revealed that 1 and 2 could significantly inhibit the lipid droplet formation(EC50(28)0.41 and 0.92μmol·L^–1,respectively)and lower triglyceride levels by 50%-60%at the concentration of 1μmol·L^–1,being more potent than the positive drug luteolin(EC50(28)2.63μmol·L–^1).A mechanistic study indicated that 1 and 2 could intercalate into supercoiled DNA,which consequently inhibited the mitotic clonal expansion of 3 T3-L1 cells at the early differentiation phase,leading to the retardance of following adipogenesis and lipogenesis.These findings suggest that 1 and 2 may serve as promising leads for further d evelopment of anti-obesity drugs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871729,32172147)+2 种基金the Modern Agriculture key Project of Jiangsu Province of China(BE2022317)the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction Project of Jiangsu Province of China(JATS[2021]522)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Forty-two male mice were used.The mice were divided into six groups:normal control,high-fat diet control,simvastatin treatment(20 mg/kg BW/day),and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract(100,200,300 mg/kg BW/day)treatment groups.Food intake,body weight,serum parameters,lipid profile,and histopathological lesions of the kidney,liver,and epididymal fat were observed.Results:LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract:luteolin,apigenin,baicalein,and oroxylin A.Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract.Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level(P<0.05),whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group.Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver.Conclusions:Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice,and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract,both flavonoids and volatile oils,should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
基金funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number 9232010)Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(grant number 2022-2-4079).
文摘Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81500726)Science&Technology project for Social development of Shaanxi Province in China(No.2017SF-249)
文摘AIM：To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）.METHODS：We searched the databases of Pub Med,Embase and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）and abstracts from main annual meetings up to January 1,2017.Google scholar and Clinical Trials.gov were also searched for unpublished relevant studies.We included randomized controlled trials（RCTs）that studied lipid-lowering agents in type 1 or type 2 diabetes in this Meta-analysis.The primary endpoint was the progression of DR,and the secondary endpoints included vision loss,development of diabetic macular edema（DME）and aggravation of hard exudates.The pooled odds ratios（OR）with corresponding 95%confidence intervals（95%CIs）were calculated.RESULTS：After systemic and manual literature search by two independent investigators,we included 8 RCTs from 7 published articles with 13 454 participants in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that lipid-lowering drugs were associated with reduced risk in DR progression[OR=0.77（95%CI：0.62,0.96）,P=0.02].Lipid-lowering agents might have protective effect on DME compared to placebo,although the difference was not statistically significant[OR=0.60（95%CI：0.34,1.08）,P=0.09].However,no significant differences in the worsening of vision acuity[OR=0.96（95%CI：0.81,1.14）,P=0.64]and hard exudates[OR=0.50（95%CI：0.15,1.74）,P=0.28]were found between the lipidlowering drugs and the placebo groups.CONCLUSION：In DR patients,lipid-lowering agents show a protective effect on DR progression and might be associated with reduced risk in the development of DME.However,lipid-lowering agents have no effects on vision loss and hard exudates aggravation.Further clinical trials in larger scale are required to confirm the conclusion of this study and thus justify the use of intensive control lipids with anti-lipid agents at the early stages of DR.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671373)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Funding Program(2020Z070)+2 种基金Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(20)2036)Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province(BE2020314)Innovation Training Program for College Students(202310299649X).
文摘Highland barley is a well-known cereal in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area with high nutritional value,which has been reported to be a health-promoting grain for the obesity and the diabetes.Fermentation by certain microbiota can improve the flavor property and nutritional characteristics.In the present study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were singly or jointly applied to ferment highland barley,and the profile of volatile substances and lipid-lowering effects of the respective extracts were analyzed.Results indicated that either L.plantarum or S.cerevisiae or co-fermentation could consume the polysaccharides of highland barley to provide energy,and dramatically increase the contents of total protein and polyphenol.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis revealed that the presence of S.cerevisiae was critical for production of the pleasant flavors,especially for the ethyl ester substances including hexadecanoic acid ethyl,hexanoic acid ethyl ester and so on.Meanwhile,we found that fermented highland barley extracts by L.plantarum exhibited stronger lipid-lowering effects in Caenorhabditis elegans than that by S.cerevisiae,while the co-fermentation not only emitted pleasant odors but also exerted high hypolipidemic function.In all,co-fermentation by L.plantarum and S.cerevisiae was proposed to be a promising processing to improve the flavor and functional properties of highland barley.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270413,82060631,82160808,and 82360035)the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(Nos.QKHJC 2020–1Z076,QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB156,QKHJC-ZK[2021]YB569,and QKHPTRC[2020]5008)+4 种基金Excellent Young Talents Plan of Guizhou Medical University(2023,No.106)the 13thbatch of outstanding young scientific and technological talents in Guizhou Province(No.QKHPTRC[2021]5633)Guizhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team(No.QKHPTRC–CXTD[2022]007)High-level Innovative Talents in Guizhou Province(Thousand Levels of Talent for Chunmao Yuan in 2018)the project of State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants,Guizhou Medical University(Nos.FAMP202102K and QJJ[2023]113)。
文摘Hymoins A–C(1–3),three unusual polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols(PPAPs)were isolated from the flowers of Hypericum monogynum.Hymoin A features the first intriguing 6/5/5/5/7 pentacyclic caged PPAP.Hymoin B is characterized by an unprecedented rearranged 5/6/8 tricyclic ring system,while hymoin C represents the first rearranged PPAP with a fantastic spirocyclic 5/6/7 ring system.Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis,X-ray crystallography,and computational methods.The plausible biosynthetic routes for the compounds were also proposed.In oleic acid(OA)-induced HepG2 cells,all compounds exhibited significant lipid-lowering activity at the concentrations of 2–8μmol/L.Further mechanistic study implied that compound 1 exhibited excellent lipid-lowering activity in OA-induced HepG2 cells through inhibiting the proteins of free fatty acids synthesis and improving lipidolysis.
文摘Objective:To investigate the impact of early initiation of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on the postoperative efficacy and inflammatory factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 100 ACS patients undergoing PCI admitted to our hospital were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into a control group(treated with statin combined with ezetimibe,n=41),a study group 1(initiated with statin combined with PCSK9 inhibitor immediately after surgery,n=32),and a study group 2(routinely administered oral statin and initiated with combined PCSK9 inhibitor before discharge,n=27).The therapeutic efficacy,inflammatory factor levels,and incidence of adverse events were compared and analyzed among the three groups.Results:The therapeutic regimen in study group 1 demonstrated the optimal efficacy and impact on inflammatory factors,followed by study group 2,while the control group showed relatively weaker efficacy,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 30.00%in the control group,5.00%in study group 1,and 10.00%in study group 2,with statistically significant differences among the groups(p<0.05),with the lowest incidence observed in study group 1.Conclusion:Early intensive lipid-lowering therapy can effectively improve lipid metabolism,suppress inflammatory responses,and reduce cardiovascular events in ACS patients after PCI,suggesting its pleiotropic cardiovascular protective effects.
文摘As a dark tea,Pu-erh tea(PET)is produced from sun-dried leaves of Camellia sinensis var.assamica mainly in Yunnan Province of China.Many microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of PET.Among them,Aspergillus niger is most important.It is believed that the longer the preservation period,the better is the quality and taste of PET,which is commercially available as loose,compressed or instant tea leaves.Chemical components of PET include flavones,flavanols,flavonols,phenolic acids,alkaloids and methylxanthines.In this overview,the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects of PET were discussed based on animal models and human trials,and our study provided some insights into possible mechanisms of bioactive compounds,such as theabrownin,catechins,lovastatin and gallic acid.Other bioactivities of PET and some information on Fuzhuan brick tea were also included.Sources of information cited were from Google Scholar,Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,J-Stage,Pub Chem,Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170121).
文摘Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Health Science and Technology Project(No.2021KY217)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024Y1221).
文摘AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.
文摘Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1408000,12474097,and2023YFA1406001)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant No.GDZX2201001)the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at Southern University of Science and Technology,the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen(for J.L.Z.and Y.L.)the Chinese funding sources applied via HPSTAR。
文摘The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) undergoes an antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at T_(N)∼5 K.Under high pressures within 8.9 GPa,we find that Kondo scattering contributes differently to the high-temperature resistance,R(T),depending on the applied current direction,demonstrating a significantly anisotropic Kondo effect.The complete P–T phase diagram has been constructed,in which the pressure dependence of T_(N) exhibits a dome-like shape.The AFM order remains robust under pressure,even when the coherence temperature T^(*) far exceeds 300 K.We attribute the observed anisotropic Kondo effect and the robust AFM to the underlying anisotropy in electronic hybridization under high pressure.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
文摘Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenvatinib and everolimus represents a viable option,and the present review aimed to summarize its activity,effectiveness,and safety.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed,targeting studies published between 2018 and 2025.Eligible studies included English-language prospective and retrospective trials reporting survival outcomes in mRCC patients treated with lenvatinib and everolimus after at least one ICI-containing regimen.Results:Nine studies met the inclusion criteria,encompassing a total of 441 patients.The lenvatinib and everolimus combination was primarily used in the third and subsequent lines of therapy.Median overall survival ranged from 7.5 to 24.5 months,while median progression-free survival was more consistent,between 6.1 and 6.7 months,except for one study reporting 12.9 months.Objective response rates varied widely(14.0%–55.7%).Adverse events of grade≥3 did not exceed the expected rate,with diarrhoea and proteinuria as the most reported events.Dose reductions and treatment discontinuations due to toxicity occurred but were generally lower than in prior pivotal trials.Conclusions:Real-world evidence suggests that lenvatinib and everolimus represent an effective and safe option after ICI failure in mRCC patients.Nevertheless,the lack of randomized phase III trials and the heterogeneity of existing studies highlight the need for more robust prospective research to guide post-ICI therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant Nos.202401AU070163 and 202501AT070298)the Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(Grant No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)+5 种基金the University Service Key Industry Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.FWCY-ZD2024005)the Expert Workstation Support Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202405AF140069)the Scientific Research Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20220122)the Analysis and Test Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023T20220122)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN02057)the Ordos City Strategic Pioneering Science and Technology Special Program for New Energy(Grant No.DC2400003365).
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.
基金the innovative research team of the Twelfth Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant no.2012BAI29B06)the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine of China(Grant no.2011-CXTD-12).
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract(JHFE)and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.Methods:A hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet(HFD).After treatment for 30 days,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer.The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS.Results:The TC,TG,and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment.A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids(PA),4 phenylethanoid glycosides(PG),24 flavonoids(F),14 triterpenoids(T),10 diterpenoid glycosides(D),18 alkaloids(A)and 10 others(O)were identified.Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang.Furthermore,68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites.The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1/6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside(PEG)and lirinidine.A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized.The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipidlowering effect from high to low were A,F,PG,PA,D and T.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model.Specific types of PA,PG,F,D,T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE.This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.
文摘Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined in the last decades, its prevalence increased and is expected to rise further as a result of the increasing incidence of type 2 DM(T2DM) and the longer life expectancy of patients with DM. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial. Some observational studies suggested an association between dyslipidemia and the development and progression of retinopathy in patients with DM but others did not confirm this association. Regarding lipid-lowering agents, studies that evaluated the role of statins in the management of these patients are mostly small and yielded discrepant results. Large randomized studies with statins in patients with T2DM showed no benefit of these agents on diabetic retinopathy but were not designed to address this effect. In contrast, both preclinical data and two large randomized controlled studies, the FIELD and the ACCORD trial, showed that fenofibrate delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Even though the mechanisms underpinning this favorable effect are not entirely clear, these findings suggest that fenofibrate might represent a useful tool for the management of diabetic retinopathy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81573302,81722042,and 81703336)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2014A0303 06047)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2015A020211007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.17ykzd12)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation(No.2017B030314030)
文摘Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Ochrosia borbonica led to the isolation of two known pyridocarbazole alkaloids,ellipticine(1)and 9-methoxyellipticine(2),and six known monoterpenoid indole alkaloids(3-8).Lipid-lowering assay in 3 T3-L1 cell model revealed that 1 and 2 could significantly inhibit the lipid droplet formation(EC50(28)0.41 and 0.92μmol·L^–1,respectively)and lower triglyceride levels by 50%-60%at the concentration of 1μmol·L^–1,being more potent than the positive drug luteolin(EC50(28)2.63μmol·L–^1).A mechanistic study indicated that 1 and 2 could intercalate into supercoiled DNA,which consequently inhibited the mitotic clonal expansion of 3 T3-L1 cells at the early differentiation phase,leading to the retardance of following adipogenesis and lipogenesis.These findings suggest that 1 and 2 may serve as promising leads for further d evelopment of anti-obesity drugs.
