Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.L...Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has emerged as a prominent and pervasive global health challenge.Bicuculline(BIC),which is a key active component of the anti-MASLD prescriptio...BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has emerged as a prominent and pervasive global health challenge.Bicuculline(BIC),which is a key active component of the anti-MASLD prescription"Eight Zhes Decoction",has been preliminarily shown by our research team to have significant potential in treating MASLD.AIM To determine BIC's efficacy in treating MASLD by regulating lipid metabolism and suppressing hepatic inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway,identifying it as a therapeutic candidate.METHODS This study explored the potential of BIC in preventing and treating MASLD using zebrafish,cellular(HepG2 and AML12),and mouse models.RESULTS Our results indicate that BIC significantly reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation both in vivo and in vitro.Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the anti-MASLD effects of BIC are linked to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway,which plays a critical role in mitigating inflammation and lipid deposition.CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that BIC specifically alleviates lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis in MASLD models via the NF-κB signaling pathway.Overall,BIC has emerged as a promising candidate for treating MASLD.展开更多
Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyl...Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate(MITC),an active ingredient of Moringa oleifera Lam.,in the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present study,we investigated the mechanism of MITC in inhibiting lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)in terms of both lipolysis and central appetite regulation mediated by the gut microbe-gut-brain axis.MITC enhanced the characteristic indices associated with HFD mice and also promoted adipocytolysis and brown fat thermogenesis.Moreover,MITC was observed to improve leptin resistance,modulate the composition of gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae,Parasutterella,and Acetatifactor,promote 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion,further enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine(PYY)to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling in the hypothalamus,and modulate feeding behavior to inhibit lipid accumulation in HFD mice.These data suggest that MITC supplementation can help to alleviate obesity or obesity-related diseases.展开更多
Siraitia grosvenorii(SG),a traditional edible medicine in China,has shown potential application in health foods due to multiple bioactivities.However,few comparative studies have investigated the effect of daily intak...Siraitia grosvenorii(SG),a traditional edible medicine in China,has shown potential application in health foods due to multiple bioactivities.However,few comparative studies have investigated the effect of daily intake of SG products by traditional drinking way on alleviating metabolic disorders caused by long-term high fat and high sugar diet(HF-HSD).This study investigated the effects of 2 commercial SG products(SG juice containing comprehensive compositions and mogrosides extract containing high content of mogroside V)supplement on fat content,lipid accumulation,colon barrier and gut microbiota in a 38-week HF-HSD mice trial.Results showed that the SG intervention could decrease the weight gain and body fat content,alleviated lipid accumulation,low-grade inflammation and colon barrier injury.SG juice intake was found to increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and liver superoxide dismutase.16S r RNA analysis found that SG could restore the gut microbiota with downregulation of harmful bacteria increased by HF-HSD and enhancement of the abundances of beneficial genus.In particular,SG juice significantly enriched taxonomic family Prevotellaceae and genus Alloprevotella.These results indicated that SG might be a functional additive to prevent disease risk caused by excess fat and sugar diet,and active ingredients resulting to the discrepancy of performance especially on gut microbiota are worthy of in-depth investigation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was ...Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was explored by network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation.The effects of AOF on renal function and lipid deposition were assessed in a mouse model of DKD and high glucose-stressed HK-2 cells.Cell viability and lipid accumulation were detected by CCK8 and oil red O staining.The expressions of PPARαand fatty acid oxidation-related genes(ACOX1 and CPT1A)were detected by quantitative RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Furthermore,PPARαknockdown was performed to examine the molecular mechanism of AOF in treating DKD.Results:Network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the active compounds in AOF targeted PPARαand thus transcriptionally regulated ACOX1 and CPT1A.AOF lowered blood glucose,improved dyslipidemia,and attenuated renal injury in DKD mice.AOF-containing serum accentuated high glucose-induced decrease in cell viability and ameliorated lipid accumulation.Additionally,it significantly upregulated the expression of PPARα,ACOX1,and CPT1A in both in vivo and in vitro experiments,which was reversed by PPARαknockdown.Conclusions:AOF may promote fatty acid oxidation via PPARαto ameliorate renal lipid deposition in DKD.展开更多
Obesity caused by poor eating habits has become a global public health issue and harms human health.Rosmarinic acid(RA)is a natural active substance with many biological functions like antioxidant.However,the function...Obesity caused by poor eating habits has become a global public health issue and harms human health.Rosmarinic acid(RA)is a natural active substance with many biological functions like antioxidant.However,the function of RA's lipid-lowering effect and mechanism are not entirely clear.This study aimed to explore the effect of RA on obesity and its action mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans.RA not only alleviated intestinal inflammation and change the composition of unsaturated fatty acid,but also decreased fat storage and adjusted the size and quantity of fat droplets without threatening development and reproduction or affecting energy intake.In addition,RA improved the integrity of intestinal barrier function in C.elegans.RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)comprehensively revealed that the lipid-lowering mechanism mediated by RA might involve lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory pathways.Among them,RA regulates lipid metabolism by reducing fat synthesis through SBP-1 and increasing fatty acidβ-oxidation via NHR-49.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory pathway was associated with RA's enhancement of the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and alleviation of inflammatory reactions caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAO1).Therefore,RA regulated lipid metabolism and relieved inflammation,which had the potential for dietary supplements or functional foods.展开更多
N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine(6PPD)is a tire rubber antioxidant that can be oxidized to form derivative 6PPD-quinone(6PPD-Q).6PPD and 6PPD-Q have been detected in human urine with concentratio...N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine(6PPD)is a tire rubber antioxidant that can be oxidized to form derivative 6PPD-quinone(6PPD-Q).6PPD and 6PPD-Q have been detected in human urine with concentrations reaching nanomolar levels.However,their human adverse effects and toxic mechanisms are not explicit.This study elucidated their lipid metabolism disruption effects on hepatic cells(HepG2)and revealed a potential molecular mechanism via estrogen-related receptorγ(ERRγ)pathway.The results of fluorescence competitive binding assay showed that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q could bind to ERRγwith an IC_(50)(the concentration of a ligand competing 50%probe from ERRγ)of 9 nmol/L and 6 nmol/L,respectively.The reporter gene assay indicated that 6PPD-Q activated ERRγin a concentration-dependent mode with the lowest observable effective concentration(LOEC)of 100 nmol/L and the maximum induction rate of 320%,while 6PPD displayed weak ERRγactivity.The molecular docking showed that the binding energies of 6PPD/6PPD-Q with agonistic ERRγwere much lower than those with antagonistic ERRγ,implying that 6PPD/6PPDQ tended to display ERRγagonistic binding mode.The BODIPY fluorescence staining and triglyceride(TG)assay revealed that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q promoted lipid accumulation and TG production in HepG2 cells with LOEC of 10 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L,respectively.The ERRγantagonist(GSK5182)co-exposure reversed the lipid induction effects of 6PPD/6PPD-Q,which confirmed the regulatory roles of ERRγ.Overall,our study revealed a novel endocrine disruption mechanism of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q via ERRγand their hepatic lipid-inducing risks,providing novel information for their health hazard evaluation.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a growing global health concern,and its early pathogenesis includes steatosis and steatohepatitis.Inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammation is a crucial step in relieving ALD.Eviden...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a growing global health concern,and its early pathogenesis includes steatosis and steatohepatitis.Inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammation is a crucial step in relieving ALD.Evidence shows that puerarin(Pue),an isoflavone isolated from Pueraria lobata,exerts cardio-protective,neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant activities.However,the therapeutic potential of Pue on ALD remains unknown.In the study,both the NIAAA model and ethanol(EtOH)-induced AML-12 cell were used to explore the protective effect of Pue on alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro and related mechanism.The results showed that Pue(100 mg·kg^(−1))attenuated EtOH-induced liver injury and inhibited the levels of SREBP-1c,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β,compared with silymarin(Sil,100 mg·kg^(−1)).In vitro results were consistent with in vivo results.Mechanistically,Pue might suppress liver lipid accumulation and inflammation by regulating MMP8.In conclusion,Pue might be a promising clinical candidate for ALD treatment.展开更多
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC;EC 4.1.1.31） catalyses phosphoenolpyruvate（PEP） to yield oxaloacetate,which is involved in protein biosynthesis.Pyruvate kinase（PK;EC 2.7.1.40） catalyzes PEP to yield pyruvat...Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC;EC 4.1.1.31） catalyses phosphoenolpyruvate（PEP） to yield oxaloacetate,which is involved in protein biosynthesis.Pyruvate kinase（PK;EC 2.7.1.40） catalyzes PEP to yield pyruvate,which is involved in fatty acid synthesis.In this study,five PEPC genes（AhPEPC1,AhPEPC2,AhPEPC3,AhPEPC4,and AhPEPC5） from peanut have been cloned.Using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR approach,the expression pattern of each gene was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties（E11,Hebeigaoyou,Naihan 1,and Huayu 26）.It was found that these five genes shared similar expression behaviors over the developmental stages of E11 with high expression levels at 30 and 40 d after pegging（DAP）;whereas these five genes showed irregular expression patterns during the seed development of Hebeigaoyou.In Naihan 1 and Huayu 26,the expression levels of the five genes remained relatively high in the first stage.The PEPC activity was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties and seed oil content was also characterized during whole period of seed development.The PEPC activity followed the oil accumulation pattern during the early stages of development but they showed a significantly negative correlation thereafter.These results suggested that PEPC may play an important role in lipid accumulation during the seed development of four peanut varieties tested.展开更多
Aim To elucidate the genetic basis for the pronounced resistance that the oral pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis （P. gingivalis）, exhibits towards the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B. Methodology A gene...Aim To elucidate the genetic basis for the pronounced resistance that the oral pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis （P. gingivalis）, exhibits towards the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B. Methodology A genetic screen of P. gingivalis clones generated by a Tn4400-based random insertion mutagenesis strategy was performed to identify bacteria harboring novel genetic mutations that render P. gingivalis susceptible to killing by the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B （PMB, 50μg·mL^-1）. Results P. gingivalis （ATCC 33277） is unusually resistant to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, PMB at relatively high concentrations （200μg·mL^-1）. Approximately 2,700 independent Tn4400 ＇-derived mutants ofP. gingivalis were examined for increased sensitivity to PMB killing at a relatively low dose （50 μg·mL^-1）. A single PMB-sensitive mutant was obtained in this phenotypic screen. We determined that the Tn4400＇ transposon was integrated into the gene encoding the lipid A 4＇-phosphatase, PGN 0524, demonstrating that this insertion event was responsible for its increased susceptibility of this clone to PMB-dependent killing. The resulting mutant strain, designated 0524-Tn4400＇, was highly sensitive to PMB killing relative to wild-type P. gingivalis, and exhibited the same sensitivity as the previously characterized strain, 0524KO, which bears a genetically engineered deletion in the PGN_0524 locus. Positive ion mass spectrometric structural （MALDI-TOF MS） analyses revealed that lipid A isolates from 0524-Tn4400＂ and 0524KO strains displayed strikingly similar MALDI-TOF MS spectra that were substantially different from the wildtype P gingivalis lipid A spectrum. Finally, intact 0524- Tn4400＇ and 0524KO mutant bacteria, as well as their corresponding LPS isolates, were significantly more potent in stimulating Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）-dependent E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells relative to intact wild-type P.. gingivalis or its corresponding LPS isolate. Conclusion The combined molecular evidence provided in this report suggests that PGN 0524, a lipid A 4＇-phosphatase, is the sole genetic element conferring the ability of the periodontopathogen, P. gingivalis, to evade the killing activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as PMB. These data strongly implicate PGN_0524 as a critical virulence factor for the ability of P.. gingivalis to evade front-line host innate defenses that are dependent upon cationic antimicrobial peptide activity and TLR 4 sensing.展开更多
Microalgal lipids are regarded as main future feedstock of biofuels for its higher efficiency of accumulation and sus- tainable production. In order to investigate the effect of various nitrogen to phosphorus ratios o...Microalgal lipids are regarded as main future feedstock of biofuels for its higher efficiency of accumulation and sus- tainable production. In order to investigate the effect of various nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cells growth, chlorophyll content and accumulation of lipids in Dunaliella tertiolecta, experiments were carried out in modified microalgal medium with inorganic nitrogen （nitrate-nitrogen） or organic nitrogen （urea-nitrogen） as the sole nitrogen source at initial N：P ratios ranging from 1：1 to 32：1. The favorable N：P of 16：1 in the nitrate-N or urea-N medium yielded the maximum cell density and specific growth rate. Decrease in chlorophyll content were observed at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate-N and urea-N cultures. It was also observed that the maximum lipids concentration was obtained at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate and urea nutrient medium. The lipid productivity and lipid content of cultures in the urea-N medium at the N：P of 4： lwere markedly higher than those from cultures with other N：P ratios （p〈 0.05）. The results of this work illustrate the possibility that higher ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus have enhancing effect on cells growth of D. tertiolecta. Conversely, higher lipid accumulation is associated with a decrease in chlorophyll content under lower ratios of nitro- gen to phosphorus. The results confirm the hypothesis of this study that a larger metabolic flux has been channeled to lipid accumu- lation in D. tertiolecta cells when the ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus drop below a critical level.展开更多
The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effect of naringenin and the underlying mechanism in high-fat-diet-fed SD rats and 3T3-L1 cells.In this study,SD rats were divided into the normal chow diet grou...The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effect of naringenin and the underlying mechanism in high-fat-diet-fed SD rats and 3T3-L1 cells.In this study,SD rats were divided into the normal chow diet group(NCD),high fat diet group(HFD),three treatment groups feeding high-fat diet with naringenin(100,200,400 mg/kg)for 12 weeks.Results indicated that naringenin treatment decreased total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels in serum.Naringenin also alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced the adipocyte size in the epididymis in high-fat-diet-induced SD rats.In addition,naringenin(25−75μg/mL)decrease TG and TC levels in 3T3 mature adipocytes.The molecular mechanism of naringenin in the treatment of obesity were predicted by using network pharmacology.Real-time PCR analysis results showed that naringenin regulated the expression of lipid metabolism genes.Meanwhile,naringenin increased the AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase)activity and the expression of AMPK phosphorylated protein in 3T3 mature adipocytes.And the inhibitory effect of naringenin on lipid accumulation in 3T3 adipocytes was abolished by Compound C.Molecular docking results indicated that naringenin could bind to AMPK protein.These results indicated naringenin reduced lipid accumulation through AMPK pathway.展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a progressive retinal disease,which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries.There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or dela...Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a progressive retinal disease,which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries.There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently.Until now,the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear,limiting the development of the novel therapy.Bruch’s membrane(BM)goes through remarkable changes in AMD,playing a significant role during the disease course.The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM,with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications.Besides,some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells transplantation were listed.Hopefully,this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.展开更多
Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This stud...Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF1b)on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum(...This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF1b)on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum(PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO)modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b.HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay,and chromatin immunoprecipitation.HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages,leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor-deficient(LDLR−/−)mice.Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification.The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages.PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1(SAE1)expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein,which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE−/−)mice.Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration.In summary,HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis.This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated,SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.展开更多
The major pathologic hallmark of the alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the representation of chronic alcohol-induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation.This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective role of triterpenoids...The major pathologic hallmark of the alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the representation of chronic alcohol-induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation.This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective role of triterpenoids-enriched extracts from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia(ACT)in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury mice,establishing in C57BL/6 mice through gradient alcohol feeding for 24 weeks.In longterm alcohol consumption mice,the significantly lost body weight,increased organ indexes,hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were all remissed after 6-week ACT orally administration,showing its hepatoprotective property.ACT suppressed the triglyceride,total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels,and enhanced high-density lipoprotein levels in serum or/and liver of chronic alcohol damaged mice.Combining with the pathological observations,ACT displayed an anti-steatosis effects to restrain the progress of ALD.Based on proteomic analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ACT had been confi rmed to regulate the levels of lipid biogeneration-related factors and depressed the over-accumulation of hepatic reactive oxygen species.According to further data,ACT prevented alcoholic liver injury may be associated with mediating lipid metabolism-related to PGC-1αand NF-κB signaling.In summary,ACT protected the body against chronic alcohol ingest induced liver injury through its regulation lipid on metabolism.展开更多
Calanus sinicus,the dominant copepod in the Yellow Sea,develops a large oil sac in late spring to prepare for over-summering in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM).The lipid accumulation mechanism for the initiation...Calanus sinicus,the dominant copepod in the Yellow Sea,develops a large oil sac in late spring to prepare for over-summering in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM).The lipid accumulation mechanism for the initiation of over-summering is unknown.Here,we cultured C3 copepodites at four constant temperatures(10,13,16,and 19℃) and at three temperature regimes that mimicked the temperature variations experienced during diurnal vertical migration(10-13℃,10-16℃,and 10-19℃) for 18 days to explore the effects of temperature differences on copepod development and lipid accumulation.C.sinicus stored more lipid at low than at high temperatures.A diurnal temperature difference(10-16℃ and 10-19℃)promoted greater lipid accumulation(1.9-2.1 times) than a constant temperature of either 16℃ or 19℃,by reducing the energy cost at colder temperatures and lengthening copepodite development.Thereafter,the lipid reserve supported gonad development after final molting.Only one male developed in these experiments.This highly female-skewed sex ratio may have been the result of the monotonous microalgae diet fed to the copepodites.This study provides the first evidence that diurnal temperature differences may promote lipid accumulation in C.sinicus,and provides a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms involved in over-summering in the YSCWM.展开更多
AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI...AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BMI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, Continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. Lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13C-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL liquid feed mixed with 200μL ^13C-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13CO2 concentration. RESULTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） post-surgery.Lipid absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUC ^13CO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUC ^13CO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intraluminal processing is necessary for efficient digestion.展开更多
Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lipids.Two natures of LMPST were attained from S.thunb...Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lipids.Two natures of LMPST were attained from S.thunbergii and appraised their LMPST on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 cells.LMPST treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned cells.The mechanistic study publicized that LMPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis pathway.Furthermore,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by LMPST2.Given these constructive properties of LMPST2 from S.thunbergii,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.展开更多
Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma,and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters(PAEs)and organophosphate fame retardants(OPFRs).As a chronic infammatory respiratory disease,...Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma,and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters(PAEs)and organophosphate fame retardants(OPFRs).As a chronic infammatory respiratory disease,the occurrence risk of childhood asthma is increased by PAEs and OPFRs exposure,but it remains not entirely clear how PAEs and OPFRs contribute the onset and progress of the disease.We have profiled the serum levels of PAEs and OPFRs congeners by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,and its relationships with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in asthmatic,bronchitic(acute infammation)and healthy(non-infammation)children.Eight PAEs and nine OPFRs congeners were found in the serum of children(1–5 years old)from Shenzhen,and their total median levels were 615.16 ng/m L and 17.06 ng/m L,respectively.Moreover,the serum levels of mono-methyl phthalate(MMP),tri-propyl phosphate(TPP)and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP)were significant higher in asthmatic children than in healthy and bronchitic children as control.Thirty-one characteristic lipids and fatty acids of asthma were screened by machine-learning random forest model based on serum lipidome data,and the alterations of infammatory characteristic lipids and fatty acids including palmitic acids,12,13-Di HODE,14,21-Di HDHA,prostaglandin D2 and Lyso PA(18:2)showed significant correlated with high serum levels of MMP,TPP and TNBP.These results imply PAEs and OPFRs promote the occurrence of childhood asthma via disrupting infammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolism,and provide a novel sight for better understanding the effects of plastic additives on childhood asthma.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241931 and BK 20221371)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943,32372214,and 31901444)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)。
文摘Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.
基金Supported by Joint TCM Science&Technology Projects of National Demonstration Zones for Comprehensive TCM Reform,No.GZYKJS-ZJ-2025-044Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2023020612.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has emerged as a prominent and pervasive global health challenge.Bicuculline(BIC),which is a key active component of the anti-MASLD prescription"Eight Zhes Decoction",has been preliminarily shown by our research team to have significant potential in treating MASLD.AIM To determine BIC's efficacy in treating MASLD by regulating lipid metabolism and suppressing hepatic inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway,identifying it as a therapeutic candidate.METHODS This study explored the potential of BIC in preventing and treating MASLD using zebrafish,cellular(HepG2 and AML12),and mouse models.RESULTS Our results indicate that BIC significantly reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation both in vivo and in vitro.Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the anti-MASLD effects of BIC are linked to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway,which plays a critical role in mitigating inflammation and lipid deposition.CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that BIC specifically alleviates lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis in MASLD models via the NF-κB signaling pathway.Overall,BIC has emerged as a promising candidate for treating MASLD.
基金supported by the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202201AT070262)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team(A3032023057)+1 种基金the Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Province-City Integration Project(202302 AN360002).
文摘Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate(MITC),an active ingredient of Moringa oleifera Lam.,in the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present study,we investigated the mechanism of MITC in inhibiting lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)in terms of both lipolysis and central appetite regulation mediated by the gut microbe-gut-brain axis.MITC enhanced the characteristic indices associated with HFD mice and also promoted adipocytolysis and brown fat thermogenesis.Moreover,MITC was observed to improve leptin resistance,modulate the composition of gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae,Parasutterella,and Acetatifactor,promote 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion,further enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine(PYY)to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling in the hypothalamus,and modulate feeding behavior to inhibit lipid accumulation in HFD mice.These data suggest that MITC supplementation can help to alleviate obesity or obesity-related diseases.
基金funded by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(Guike AA23023035,Guike AA22096020)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2004)+1 种基金Guilin Innovation Platform and Talent Plan(20210102-3)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(Guike AA21196009)。
文摘Siraitia grosvenorii(SG),a traditional edible medicine in China,has shown potential application in health foods due to multiple bioactivities.However,few comparative studies have investigated the effect of daily intake of SG products by traditional drinking way on alleviating metabolic disorders caused by long-term high fat and high sugar diet(HF-HSD).This study investigated the effects of 2 commercial SG products(SG juice containing comprehensive compositions and mogrosides extract containing high content of mogroside V)supplement on fat content,lipid accumulation,colon barrier and gut microbiota in a 38-week HF-HSD mice trial.Results showed that the SG intervention could decrease the weight gain and body fat content,alleviated lipid accumulation,low-grade inflammation and colon barrier injury.SG juice intake was found to increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and liver superoxide dismutase.16S r RNA analysis found that SG could restore the gut microbiota with downregulation of harmful bacteria increased by HF-HSD and enhancement of the abundances of beneficial genus.In particular,SG juice significantly enriched taxonomic family Prevotellaceae and genus Alloprevotella.These results indicated that SG might be a functional additive to prevent disease risk caused by excess fat and sugar diet,and active ingredients resulting to the discrepancy of performance especially on gut microbiota are worthy of in-depth investigation.
基金This work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174334)2022 Postgraduate Innovation Research Projects in Hainan Province(No.Qhys2022-273).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was explored by network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation.The effects of AOF on renal function and lipid deposition were assessed in a mouse model of DKD and high glucose-stressed HK-2 cells.Cell viability and lipid accumulation were detected by CCK8 and oil red O staining.The expressions of PPARαand fatty acid oxidation-related genes(ACOX1 and CPT1A)were detected by quantitative RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Furthermore,PPARαknockdown was performed to examine the molecular mechanism of AOF in treating DKD.Results:Network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the active compounds in AOF targeted PPARαand thus transcriptionally regulated ACOX1 and CPT1A.AOF lowered blood glucose,improved dyslipidemia,and attenuated renal injury in DKD mice.AOF-containing serum accentuated high glucose-induced decrease in cell viability and ameliorated lipid accumulation.Additionally,it significantly upregulated the expression of PPARα,ACOX1,and CPT1A in both in vivo and in vitro experiments,which was reversed by PPARαknockdown.Conclusions:AOF may promote fatty acid oxidation via PPARαto ameliorate renal lipid deposition in DKD.
基金supported by General project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515010907,2023A1515011266)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700501)。
文摘Obesity caused by poor eating habits has become a global public health issue and harms human health.Rosmarinic acid(RA)is a natural active substance with many biological functions like antioxidant.However,the function of RA's lipid-lowering effect and mechanism are not entirely clear.This study aimed to explore the effect of RA on obesity and its action mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans.RA not only alleviated intestinal inflammation and change the composition of unsaturated fatty acid,but also decreased fat storage and adjusted the size and quantity of fat droplets without threatening development and reproduction or affecting energy intake.In addition,RA improved the integrity of intestinal barrier function in C.elegans.RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)comprehensively revealed that the lipid-lowering mechanism mediated by RA might involve lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory pathways.Among them,RA regulates lipid metabolism by reducing fat synthesis through SBP-1 and increasing fatty acidβ-oxidation via NHR-49.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory pathway was associated with RA's enhancement of the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and alleviation of inflammatory reactions caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAO1).Therefore,RA regulated lipid metabolism and relieved inflammation,which had the potential for dietary supplements or functional foods.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Department of Education Youth Project(No.22B0201)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ5175)+1 种基金China Hunan Provincial Key R&D(No.2023NK2029)the Undergraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(No.S202310537049).
文摘N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine(6PPD)is a tire rubber antioxidant that can be oxidized to form derivative 6PPD-quinone(6PPD-Q).6PPD and 6PPD-Q have been detected in human urine with concentrations reaching nanomolar levels.However,their human adverse effects and toxic mechanisms are not explicit.This study elucidated their lipid metabolism disruption effects on hepatic cells(HepG2)and revealed a potential molecular mechanism via estrogen-related receptorγ(ERRγ)pathway.The results of fluorescence competitive binding assay showed that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q could bind to ERRγwith an IC_(50)(the concentration of a ligand competing 50%probe from ERRγ)of 9 nmol/L and 6 nmol/L,respectively.The reporter gene assay indicated that 6PPD-Q activated ERRγin a concentration-dependent mode with the lowest observable effective concentration(LOEC)of 100 nmol/L and the maximum induction rate of 320%,while 6PPD displayed weak ERRγactivity.The molecular docking showed that the binding energies of 6PPD/6PPD-Q with agonistic ERRγwere much lower than those with antagonistic ERRγ,implying that 6PPD/6PPDQ tended to display ERRγagonistic binding mode.The BODIPY fluorescence staining and triglyceride(TG)assay revealed that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q promoted lipid accumulation and TG production in HepG2 cells with LOEC of 10 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L,respectively.The ERRγantagonist(GSK5182)co-exposure reversed the lipid induction effects of 6PPD/6PPD-Q,which confirmed the regulatory roles of ERRγ.Overall,our study revealed a novel endocrine disruption mechanism of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q via ERRγand their hepatic lipid-inducing risks,providing novel information for their health hazard evaluation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900285)the Natural Science FoundationofAnhuiProvince(Nos.2108085QH309and 2208085MH203)Anhui Medical University"Three Complete Education"Comprehensive Reform Pilot Project(No.2021xsqyr05)。
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a growing global health concern,and its early pathogenesis includes steatosis and steatohepatitis.Inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammation is a crucial step in relieving ALD.Evidence shows that puerarin(Pue),an isoflavone isolated from Pueraria lobata,exerts cardio-protective,neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant activities.However,the therapeutic potential of Pue on ALD remains unknown.In the study,both the NIAAA model and ethanol(EtOH)-induced AML-12 cell were used to explore the protective effect of Pue on alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro and related mechanism.The results showed that Pue(100 mg·kg^(−1))attenuated EtOH-induced liver injury and inhibited the levels of SREBP-1c,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β,compared with silymarin(Sil,100 mg·kg^(−1)).In vitro results were consistent with in vivo results.Mechanistically,Pue might suppress liver lipid accumulation and inflammation by regulating MMP8.In conclusion,Pue might be a promising clinical candidate for ALD treatment.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000728,31100205)+2 种基金the Natural Science Fundation of Shangdong Province,China(ZR2009DQ004,ZR2011CQ036)the Promotive Research Fund for Young and Middle-Aged Scientisits of Shandong Province,China (BS2010NY023)the Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project,China (11-2-4-9-(3)-jch,11-2-3-26-nsh)
文摘Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC;EC 4.1.1.31） catalyses phosphoenolpyruvate（PEP） to yield oxaloacetate,which is involved in protein biosynthesis.Pyruvate kinase（PK;EC 2.7.1.40） catalyzes PEP to yield pyruvate,which is involved in fatty acid synthesis.In this study,five PEPC genes（AhPEPC1,AhPEPC2,AhPEPC3,AhPEPC4,and AhPEPC5） from peanut have been cloned.Using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR approach,the expression pattern of each gene was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties（E11,Hebeigaoyou,Naihan 1,and Huayu 26）.It was found that these five genes shared similar expression behaviors over the developmental stages of E11 with high expression levels at 30 and 40 d after pegging（DAP）;whereas these five genes showed irregular expression patterns during the seed development of Hebeigaoyou.In Naihan 1 and Huayu 26,the expression levels of the five genes remained relatively high in the first stage.The PEPC activity was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties and seed oil content was also characterized during whole period of seed development.The PEPC activity followed the oil accumulation pattern during the early stages of development but they showed a significantly negative correlation thereafter.These results suggested that PEPC may play an important role in lipid accumulation during the seed development of four peanut varieties tested.
文摘Aim To elucidate the genetic basis for the pronounced resistance that the oral pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis （P. gingivalis）, exhibits towards the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B. Methodology A genetic screen of P. gingivalis clones generated by a Tn4400-based random insertion mutagenesis strategy was performed to identify bacteria harboring novel genetic mutations that render P. gingivalis susceptible to killing by the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B （PMB, 50μg·mL^-1）. Results P. gingivalis （ATCC 33277） is unusually resistant to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, PMB at relatively high concentrations （200μg·mL^-1）. Approximately 2,700 independent Tn4400 ＇-derived mutants ofP. gingivalis were examined for increased sensitivity to PMB killing at a relatively low dose （50 μg·mL^-1）. A single PMB-sensitive mutant was obtained in this phenotypic screen. We determined that the Tn4400＇ transposon was integrated into the gene encoding the lipid A 4＇-phosphatase, PGN 0524, demonstrating that this insertion event was responsible for its increased susceptibility of this clone to PMB-dependent killing. The resulting mutant strain, designated 0524-Tn4400＇, was highly sensitive to PMB killing relative to wild-type P. gingivalis, and exhibited the same sensitivity as the previously characterized strain, 0524KO, which bears a genetically engineered deletion in the PGN_0524 locus. Positive ion mass spectrometric structural （MALDI-TOF MS） analyses revealed that lipid A isolates from 0524-Tn4400＂ and 0524KO strains displayed strikingly similar MALDI-TOF MS spectra that were substantially different from the wildtype P gingivalis lipid A spectrum. Finally, intact 0524- Tn4400＇ and 0524KO mutant bacteria, as well as their corresponding LPS isolates, were significantly more potent in stimulating Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）-dependent E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells relative to intact wild-type P.. gingivalis or its corresponding LPS isolate. Conclusion The combined molecular evidence provided in this report suggests that PGN 0524, a lipid A 4＇-phosphatase, is the sole genetic element conferring the ability of the periodontopathogen, P. gingivalis, to evade the killing activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as PMB. These data strongly implicate PGN_0524 as a critical virulence factor for the ability of P.. gingivalis to evade front-line host innate defenses that are dependent upon cationic antimicrobial peptide activity and TLR 4 sensing.
基金partially supported by Tianjin Marine Revitalization Plan of Science and Technology (No.KJXH2013-16) from Tianjin Oceanic Administration,China
文摘Microalgal lipids are regarded as main future feedstock of biofuels for its higher efficiency of accumulation and sus- tainable production. In order to investigate the effect of various nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cells growth, chlorophyll content and accumulation of lipids in Dunaliella tertiolecta, experiments were carried out in modified microalgal medium with inorganic nitrogen （nitrate-nitrogen） or organic nitrogen （urea-nitrogen） as the sole nitrogen source at initial N：P ratios ranging from 1：1 to 32：1. The favorable N：P of 16：1 in the nitrate-N or urea-N medium yielded the maximum cell density and specific growth rate. Decrease in chlorophyll content were observed at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate-N and urea-N cultures. It was also observed that the maximum lipids concentration was obtained at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate and urea nutrient medium. The lipid productivity and lipid content of cultures in the urea-N medium at the N：P of 4： lwere markedly higher than those from cultures with other N：P ratios （p〈 0.05）. The results of this work illustrate the possibility that higher ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus have enhancing effect on cells growth of D. tertiolecta. Conversely, higher lipid accumulation is associated with a decrease in chlorophyll content under lower ratios of nitro- gen to phosphorus. The results confirm the hypothesis of this study that a larger metabolic flux has been channeled to lipid accumu- lation in D. tertiolecta cells when the ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus drop below a critical level.
文摘The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effect of naringenin and the underlying mechanism in high-fat-diet-fed SD rats and 3T3-L1 cells.In this study,SD rats were divided into the normal chow diet group(NCD),high fat diet group(HFD),three treatment groups feeding high-fat diet with naringenin(100,200,400 mg/kg)for 12 weeks.Results indicated that naringenin treatment decreased total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels in serum.Naringenin also alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced the adipocyte size in the epididymis in high-fat-diet-induced SD rats.In addition,naringenin(25−75μg/mL)decrease TG and TC levels in 3T3 mature adipocytes.The molecular mechanism of naringenin in the treatment of obesity were predicted by using network pharmacology.Real-time PCR analysis results showed that naringenin regulated the expression of lipid metabolism genes.Meanwhile,naringenin increased the AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase)activity and the expression of AMPK phosphorylated protein in 3T3 mature adipocytes.And the inhibitory effect of naringenin on lipid accumulation in 3T3 adipocytes was abolished by Compound C.Molecular docking results indicated that naringenin could bind to AMPK protein.These results indicated naringenin reduced lipid accumulation through AMPK pathway.
文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a progressive retinal disease,which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries.There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently.Until now,the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear,limiting the development of the novel therapy.Bruch’s membrane(BM)goes through remarkable changes in AMD,playing a significant role during the disease course.The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM,with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications.Besides,some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells transplantation were listed.Hopefully,this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31571926)We also gratefully thank for the support of Hubei International Cooperation Project(Grant No.2018AHB014)+2 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630062017034)Collaborative Innovation Task of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-XTCX2016005).
文摘Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China (No.2019JJA140728)the Horizontal Cooperation Project with Hunan Mingshun Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. (No.2021GLHX02)the Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine of Guilin Medical University (No.Gui Xue Wei[2020]7).
文摘This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF1b)on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum(PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO)modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b.HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay,and chromatin immunoprecipitation.HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages,leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor-deficient(LDLR−/−)mice.Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification.The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages.PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1(SAE1)expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein,which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE−/−)mice.Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration.In summary,HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis.This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated,SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.
基金This research was funded by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(grant number:2018YFE0107800)the Special Projects of the Cooperation between Jilin University and Jilin Province(grant number:SXGJXX2017-1)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Develop Project in Jilin Province of China under grant(No.20191102027YY,20200708091YY and 20200708068YY)Research and Cultivation Project for Young Teachers of Jiangxi Medical College,Nanchang University(No.PY201901).
文摘The major pathologic hallmark of the alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the representation of chronic alcohol-induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation.This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective role of triterpenoids-enriched extracts from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia(ACT)in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury mice,establishing in C57BL/6 mice through gradient alcohol feeding for 24 weeks.In longterm alcohol consumption mice,the significantly lost body weight,increased organ indexes,hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were all remissed after 6-week ACT orally administration,showing its hepatoprotective property.ACT suppressed the triglyceride,total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels,and enhanced high-density lipoprotein levels in serum or/and liver of chronic alcohol damaged mice.Combining with the pathological observations,ACT displayed an anti-steatosis effects to restrain the progress of ALD.Based on proteomic analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ACT had been confi rmed to regulate the levels of lipid biogeneration-related factors and depressed the over-accumulation of hepatic reactive oxygen species.According to further data,ACT prevented alcoholic liver injury may be associated with mediating lipid metabolism-related to PGC-1αand NF-κB signaling.In summary,ACT protected the body against chronic alcohol ingest induced liver injury through its regulation lipid on metabolism.
基金Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41230963)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020305)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences(No.U1406403)
文摘Calanus sinicus,the dominant copepod in the Yellow Sea,develops a large oil sac in late spring to prepare for over-summering in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM).The lipid accumulation mechanism for the initiation of over-summering is unknown.Here,we cultured C3 copepodites at four constant temperatures(10,13,16,and 19℃) and at three temperature regimes that mimicked the temperature variations experienced during diurnal vertical migration(10-13℃,10-16℃,and 10-19℃) for 18 days to explore the effects of temperature differences on copepod development and lipid accumulation.C.sinicus stored more lipid at low than at high temperatures.A diurnal temperature difference(10-16℃ and 10-19℃)promoted greater lipid accumulation(1.9-2.1 times) than a constant temperature of either 16℃ or 19℃,by reducing the energy cost at colder temperatures and lengthening copepodite development.Thereafter,the lipid reserve supported gonad development after final molting.Only one male developed in these experiments.This highly female-skewed sex ratio may have been the result of the monotonous microalgae diet fed to the copepodites.This study provides the first evidence that diurnal temperature differences may promote lipid accumulation in C.sinicus,and provides a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms involved in over-summering in the YSCWM.
基金Supported by National Health and Medical Research Council of AustraliaMargarete and Walther Lichenstein-Stiftung(Basel,Switzerland)
文摘AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BMI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, Continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. Lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13C-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL liquid feed mixed with 200μL ^13C-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13CO2 concentration. RESULTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） post-surgery.Lipid absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUC ^13CO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUC ^13CO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intraluminal processing is necessary for efficient digestion.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion(KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea(20220488)。
文摘Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lipids.Two natures of LMPST were attained from S.thunbergii and appraised their LMPST on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 cells.LMPST treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned cells.The mechanistic study publicized that LMPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis pathway.Furthermore,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by LMPST2.Given these constructive properties of LMPST2 from S.thunbergii,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22076197,21707149 and 82127801)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.YJKYYQ20200034)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Funding (Nos.JCYJ20210324115811031 and JCYJ20200109115405930)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2020B1515120080)。
文摘Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma,and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters(PAEs)and organophosphate fame retardants(OPFRs).As a chronic infammatory respiratory disease,the occurrence risk of childhood asthma is increased by PAEs and OPFRs exposure,but it remains not entirely clear how PAEs and OPFRs contribute the onset and progress of the disease.We have profiled the serum levels of PAEs and OPFRs congeners by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,and its relationships with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in asthmatic,bronchitic(acute infammation)and healthy(non-infammation)children.Eight PAEs and nine OPFRs congeners were found in the serum of children(1–5 years old)from Shenzhen,and their total median levels were 615.16 ng/m L and 17.06 ng/m L,respectively.Moreover,the serum levels of mono-methyl phthalate(MMP),tri-propyl phosphate(TPP)and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP)were significant higher in asthmatic children than in healthy and bronchitic children as control.Thirty-one characteristic lipids and fatty acids of asthma were screened by machine-learning random forest model based on serum lipidome data,and the alterations of infammatory characteristic lipids and fatty acids including palmitic acids,12,13-Di HODE,14,21-Di HDHA,prostaglandin D2 and Lyso PA(18:2)showed significant correlated with high serum levels of MMP,TPP and TNBP.These results imply PAEs and OPFRs promote the occurrence of childhood asthma via disrupting infammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolism,and provide a novel sight for better understanding the effects of plastic additives on childhood asthma.
