In this paper, a transportation problem with an objective function as the sum of a linear and fractional function is considered. The linear function represents the total transportation cost incurred when the goods are...In this paper, a transportation problem with an objective function as the sum of a linear and fractional function is considered. The linear function represents the total transportation cost incurred when the goods are shipped from various sources to the destinations and the fractional function gives the ratio of sales tax to the total public expenditure. Our objective is to determine the transportation schedule which minimizes the sum of total transportation cost and ratio of total sales tax paid to the total public expenditure. Sometimes, situations arise where either reserve stocks have to be kept at the supply points, for emergencies or there may be extra demand in the markets. In such situations, the total flow needs to be controlled or enhanced. In this paper, a special class of transportation problems is studied where in the total transportation flow is restricted to a known specified level. A related transportation problem is formulated and it is shown that to each basic feasible solution which is called corner feasible solution to related transportation problem, there is a corresponding feasible solution to this restricted flow problem. The optimal solution to restricted flow problem may be obtained from the optimal solution to related transportation problem. An algorithm is presented to solve a capacitated linear plus linear fractional transportation problem with restricted flow. The algorithm is supported by a real life example of a manufacturing company.展开更多
According to the study of super-resolution range-gated system, we proposed an improved system with linear plus detects. And a range function is derived by considering the shot effect noise and dark current noise. The ...According to the study of super-resolution range-gated system, we proposed an improved system with linear plus detects. And a range function is derived by considering the shot effect noise and dark current noise. The simulation shows that the improved system has a good range accuracy capability.展开更多
GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 58...GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 582 MPa and 820 MPa,respectively.The HCF strength of joint reaches 400 MPa,which is slightly lower than that of Base Metal(BM),indicating reliable quality of this type of joint.The microstructure observation results show that all cracks initiate at the inside of specimens and transfer into deeper region with decrease of external stress,and the crack initiation site is related with microhardness of matrix.The Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)results of the observed regions with different distances to fracture show that plastic deformation plays a key role in HCF,and the Schmid factor of most grains near fracture exceeds 0.4.In addition,the generation of twins plays a vital role in strain concentration release and coordinating plastic deformation among grains.展开更多
The pre-weld heat treatment was carried out to obtain different initial microstructures of the GH4169 superalloy,and then Linear Friction Welding(LFW)was performed.The effect of the pre-weld heat treatment on the micr...The pre-weld heat treatment was carried out to obtain different initial microstructures of the GH4169 superalloy,and then Linear Friction Welding(LFW)was performed.The effect of the pre-weld heat treatment on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joint was analyzed,and the joint electrochemical corrosion behavior as well as the hot corrosion behavior was studied.The results show that the joint hardness of Base Metal(BM)increases after pre-weld heat treatment,and the strengthening phasesγ′andγ″further precipitate.However,the precipitation phases dissolve significantly in the Weld Zone(WZ)due to the thermal process of LFW.The corrosion resistance in BM is reduced after the pre-weld heat treatment,while it is similar in WZ with a slight decrease.The surface morphology of the BM and WZ can be generally divided into a loose and porous matrix and a scattered oxide particle layer after hot corrosion.The joint cross section exhibits a Cr-depleted zone with the diffusion of Cr to form an oxide film.The corrosion product mainly consists of Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4) as the outer layer and Cr_(2)O_(3) as the inner layer.展开更多
Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this cha...Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.展开更多
In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the ...In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the rapid determination of optimal embedding impedance for diodes across a specific bandwidth to achieve maximum efficiency through harmonic balance simulations.By optimizing the linear matching circuit with the optimal embedding impedance,the method effectively segregates the simulation of the linear segments from the nonlinear segments in the frequency multiplier circuit,substantially improving the speed of simulations.The design of on-chip linear matching circuits adopts a modular circuit design strategy,incorporating fixed load resistors to simplify the matching challenge.Utilizing this approach,a 340 GHz frequency doubler was developed and measured.The results demonstrate that,across a bandwidth of 330 GHz to 342 GHz,the efficiency of the doubler remains above 10%,with an input power ranging from 98 mW to 141mW and an output power exceeding 13 mW.Notably,at an input power of 141 mW,a peak output power of 21.8 mW was achieved at 334 GHz,corresponding to an efficiency of 15.8%.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems over directed graphs. A novel adaptive dynamic event-triggered controller is presented based only on the feedback com...Dear Editor,This letter studies output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems over directed graphs. A novel adaptive dynamic event-triggered controller is presented based only on the feedback combination of the agent's own state and neighbors' output,which can achieve exponential output consensus through intermittent communication. The controller is obtained by solving two linear matrix equations, and Zeno behavior is excluded.展开更多
The hydroformylation of olefins,known as the"oxo reaction",involves the use of syngas(CO/H_(2))to produce aldehyde with an additional carbon atom.However,side reactions such as the isomerization or hydrogena...The hydroformylation of olefins,known as the"oxo reaction",involves the use of syngas(CO/H_(2))to produce aldehyde with an additional carbon atom.However,side reactions such as the isomerization or hydrogenation of olefins often result in unexpected products and other by-products.Recent efforts in developing efficient ligands represent the most effective approach to addressing these challenges.In this study,we described a Bis-OPNN phosphorus ligand facilitated Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation with a high degree of linear selectivity across various olefins.Under mild conditions,a broad range of olefins were efficiently converted into linear aldehydes with high yields and excellent regioselectivity.The protocol also showed impressive functional group tolerance and was successfully applied to modify drugs and natural products,including the total synthesis of(±)-crispine A.Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that this Bis-OPNN phosphorus ligand anchoring the rhodium catalyst is crucial for controlling the linear selectivity.展开更多
We study the existence and stability of dark-gap solitons in linear lattice and nonlinear lattices.The results indicate that the combination of linear and nonlinear lattices gives dark-gap solitons unique properties.T...We study the existence and stability of dark-gap solitons in linear lattice and nonlinear lattices.The results indicate that the combination of linear and nonlinear lattices gives dark-gap solitons unique properties.The linear lattice can stabilize dark-gap solitons,while the nonlinear lattice reduces the stability of dark-gap solitons.On the basis of numerical analysis,we investigate the effects of lattice depth,chemical potential,nonlinear lattice amplitude,and nonlinear lattice period on the soliton in mixed lattices with the same and different periods.The stability of dark-gap soliton is studied carefully by means of real-time evolution and linear stability analysis.Dark-gap solitons can exist stably in the band gap,but the solitons formed by the mixed lattices are slightly different when the period is the same or different.展开更多
Piecewise linear systems are prevalent in engineering practice,and can be categorized into symmetric and asymmetric piecewise linear systems.Considering that symmetry is a special case of asymmetry,it is essential to ...Piecewise linear systems are prevalent in engineering practice,and can be categorized into symmetric and asymmetric piecewise linear systems.Considering that symmetry is a special case of asymmetry,it is essential to investigate the broader model,namely the asymmetric piecewise linear system.The traditional averaging method is frequently used for studying nonlinear systems,particularly symmetric piecewise linear systems,with the harmonic response of the oscillator serving as a key prerequisite for calculating steady-state solutions.However,asymmetric systems inherently exhibit nonharmonic,asymmetric responses,rendering the traditional averaging method inapplicable.To overcome this limitation,this paper introduces an improved averaging method tailored for an oscillator characterized by asymmetric gaps and springs.Unlike the traditional method,which assumes a purely harmonic response,the improved averaging method redefines the system response as a superposition of a direct current(DC)term and a first harmonic component.Herein,the DC term can be regarded as the offset induced by model asymmetry.Furthermore,the DC term is treated as a slow variable function of time,with its time derivative assumed to be zero when calculating the steady-state solution,akin to the amplitude and phase in the traditional averaging method.Numerical validation demonstrates that the responses computed in both time and frequency domains with the improved averaging method exhibit greater accuracy compared with those derived from the traditional method.Leveraging these improved results,the study also examines the parameter effect,stability,and bifurcation phenomena within the amplitude-frequency responses.展开更多
A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoot...A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.展开更多
Optical synapses have an ability to perceive and remember visual information,making them expected to provide more intelligent and efficient visual solutions for humans.As a new type of artificial visual sensory device...Optical synapses have an ability to perceive and remember visual information,making them expected to provide more intelligent and efficient visual solutions for humans.As a new type of artificial visual sensory devices,photoelectric memristors can fully simulate synaptic performance and have great prospects in the development of biological vision.However,due to the urgent problems of nonlinear conductance and high-energy consumption,its further application in high-precision control scenarios and integration is hindered.In this work,we report an optoelectronic memristor with a structure of TiN/CeO_(2)/ZnO/ITO/Mica,which can achieve minimal energy consumption(187 pJ)at a single pulse(0.5 V,5 ms).Under the stimulation of continuous pulses,linearity can be achieved up to 99.6%.In addition,the device has a variety of synaptic functions under the combined action of photoelectric,which can be used for advanced vision.By utilizing its typical long-term memory characteristics,we achieved image recognition and long-term memory in a 3×3 synaptic array and further achieved female facial feature extraction behavior with an activation rate of over 92%.Moreover,we also use the linear response characteristic of the device to design and implement the night meeting behavior of autonomous vehicles based on the hardware platform.This work highlights the potential of photoelectric memristors for advancing neuromorphic vision systems,offering a new direction for bionic eyes and visual automation technology.展开更多
In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrabilit...In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability.By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations.Moreover,through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.展开更多
Ammonium level in body fluids serves as one of the critical biomarkers for healthcare,especially those relative to liver diseases.The continuous and real-time monitoring in both invasive and noninvasive manners is hig...Ammonium level in body fluids serves as one of the critical biomarkers for healthcare,especially those relative to liver diseases.The continuous and real-time monitoring in both invasive and noninvasive manners is highly desired,while the ammonium concentrations vary largely in different body fluids.Besides,the sensing reliability based on ion-selective biosensors can be significantly interfered by potassium ions.To tackle these challenges,a flexible and biocompatible sensing patch for wireless ammonium level sensing was reported with an ultrawide linear range for universal body fluids including blood,tears,saliva,sweat and urine.The as-prepared biocompatible sensors deliver a reliable sensitivity of 58.7 mV decade-1 in the range of 1-100 mM and a desirable selectivity coefficient of 0.11 in the interference of potassium ions,attributed to the cross-calibration within the sensors array.The sensor’s biocompatibility was validated by the cell growth on the sensor surface(>80%),hemolysis rates(<5%),negligible cellular inflammatory responses and weight changes of the mice with implanted sensors.Such biocompatible sensors with ultrawide linear range and desirable selectivity open up new possibility of highly compatible biomarker analysis via different body fluids in versatile approaches.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce TianXing,a transformer-based data-driven model designed with physical augmentation for skillful and efficient global weather forecasting.Previous data-driven transformer models such as Pangu...In this paper,we introduce TianXing,a transformer-based data-driven model designed with physical augmentation for skillful and efficient global weather forecasting.Previous data-driven transformer models such as Pangu-Weather,FengWu,and FuXi have emerged as promising alternatives for numerical weather prediction in weather forecasting.However,these models have been characterized by their substantial computational resource consumption during training and limited incorporation of explicit physical guidance in their modeling frameworks.In contrast,TianXing applies a linear complexity mechanism that ensures proportional scalability with input data size while significantly diminishing GPU resource demands,with only a marginal compromise in accuracy.Furthermore,TianXing proposes an explicit attention decay mechanism in the linear attention derived from physical insights to enhance its forecasting skill.The mechanism can reweight attention based on Earth's spherical distances and learned sparse multivariate coupling relationships,promptingTianXing to prioritize dynamically relevant neighboring features.Finally,to enhance its performance in mediumrange forecasting,TianXing employs a stacked autoregressive forecast algorithm.Validation of the model's architecture is conducted using ERA5 reanalysis data at a 5.625°latitude-longitude resolution,while a high-resolution dataset at 0.25°is utilized for training the actual forecasting model.Notably,the TianXing exhibits excellent performance,particularly in the Z500(geopotential height)and T850(temperature)fields,surpassing previous data-driven models and operational fullresolution models such as NCEP GFS and ECMWF IFS,as evidenced by latitude-weighted RMSE and ACC metrics.Moreover,the TianXing has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in predicting extreme weather events,such as typhoons.展开更多
Carbon materials have long been a subject of study, offering diverse properties based on their hybridized structures. Except sp^(2)-hybridized graphene and carbon nanotubes, the focus on sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chain...Carbon materials have long been a subject of study, offering diverse properties based on their hybridized structures. Except sp^(2)-hybridized graphene and carbon nanotubes, the focus on sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains has garnered significant interest due to its unique predicted properties, despite limitations in research and development stemming from its high reactivity. This comprehensive review summaries recent advancements in synthetic methodologies and characterization of the sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains, encompassing linear carbon chains and cyclo[n]carbons. The review traces significant milestones in synthesis and offers a thorough overview of various properties on linear and cyclic carbon chains, from their initial discovery to recent development. The advancing synthetic methods have led to practical breakthroughs, transitioning theoretical concepts into tangible carbon-chain materials. However, challenges persist in achieving controlled and scalable preparation due to the high reactivity associated with sp^(1)-hybridization. Future research prospects focus on fundamental studies, such as exploring the transition length from polyyne to carbyne and experimentally determining the properties of single carbon chains.This review underscores both the progress made and the compelling avenues for future exploration in the dynamic field of sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains.展开更多
Codebooks are widely applied in code division multiple access communication systems.Based on the subspaces of singular linear spaces over the finite fields,two classes of new codebooks are constructed.Firstly,a kind o...Codebooks are widely applied in code division multiple access communication systems.Based on the subspaces of singular linear spaces over the finite fields,two classes of new codebooks are constructed.Firstly,a kind of binary codebooks are constructed by using the subspace of the singular linear space over the finite fields.According to the anzahl theorem,the parameters and the maximum correlation amplitude I_(max)(C)of the codebooks are calculated,and then given the conditions that the I_(max)(C)asymptotically reaches the Welch bound.On this basis,by mixing with Hadamard matrices,the number of columns are increased and obtain another class of new code,which further relaxes the conditions that the I_(max)(C)asymptotically reaches the Welch bound.展开更多
The study of the mechanical property and damage state of coal materials under compression is a fundamental area of research in underground mining engineering.Drawing upon the compaction effect and linear energy dissip...The study of the mechanical property and damage state of coal materials under compression is a fundamental area of research in underground mining engineering.Drawing upon the compaction effect and linear energy dissipation(LED)law,a novel compressive damage constitutive model for brittle coal is proposed.Utilizing the energy-defined damage method for mate-rials,the LED law is innovatively introduced to accurately characterize the energy dissipation during the loading process,and a novel formula for characterizing the damage variable of brittle coal is proposed.On this basis,considering that the constitutive model based on the hypothesis of strain equivalence is incapable of accurately describing the compaction effect exhibited by coal material during the compression process,a correction coefficient is proposed and apply it in the novel damage constitutive model.The established conventional monotone loading and single-cyclic loading-unloading uniaxial compression damage constitutive models have been validated using experimental data from cylindrical and cuboid coal specimens.In addition,compared with the constitutive model obtained via the traditional energy calculation method based on the hypothesis that the unloading curve is a straight line,the constitutive model employing LED law can describe the stress-strain state of brittle coal more precisely.This approach introduces a new perspective and enhances the convenience for constructing the constitutive model based on energy theory.展开更多
To meet the demand for miniaturized,compact,high-reliability,and long-life cryocoolers in small satellite platforms,the development of a linear Stirling cryocooler has been undertaken.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)...To meet the demand for miniaturized,compact,high-reliability,and long-life cryocoolers in small satellite platforms,the development of a linear Stirling cryocooler has been undertaken.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation software was used to conduct simulation analyses,verifying the impact of porous media channel layout,eccentricity,viscous resistance coefficient of the porous media,and piston position on the designed aerostatic bearing piston employing self-supplied gas bearing technology.The calculation results indicate that both the aerostatic force and leakage increase synchronously with eccentricity,while the two designed gas lift channel layouts are capable of providing sufficient load-bearing capacity while ensuring minimal leakage.Through calculations,it was determined that the viscous resistance coefficient of the porous media material,used as a throttling mechanism,is most suitable within the range of 81011 to 810131/m2.When studying the piston position,it was found that××due to the influence of the gas film length,the aerostatic force gradually increases as the piston moves from the maximum compression stroke state to the maximum low-pressure stroke state.To validate combining simulation with experimental platform testing,a support fixture platform for testing the load-bearing capacity of the gas bearings was independently constructed.The development of the aerostatic bearing piston prototype was completed,and performance tests were conducted,confirming that the trend of aerostatic force variation with gas film length is consistent with calculations.Additionally,it was verified that under the two aerostatic channel layouts,the aerostatic force closely matches the calculated values.展开更多
Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference...Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a transportation problem with an objective function as the sum of a linear and fractional function is considered. The linear function represents the total transportation cost incurred when the goods are shipped from various sources to the destinations and the fractional function gives the ratio of sales tax to the total public expenditure. Our objective is to determine the transportation schedule which minimizes the sum of total transportation cost and ratio of total sales tax paid to the total public expenditure. Sometimes, situations arise where either reserve stocks have to be kept at the supply points, for emergencies or there may be extra demand in the markets. In such situations, the total flow needs to be controlled or enhanced. In this paper, a special class of transportation problems is studied where in the total transportation flow is restricted to a known specified level. A related transportation problem is formulated and it is shown that to each basic feasible solution which is called corner feasible solution to related transportation problem, there is a corresponding feasible solution to this restricted flow problem. The optimal solution to restricted flow problem may be obtained from the optimal solution to related transportation problem. An algorithm is presented to solve a capacitated linear plus linear fractional transportation problem with restricted flow. The algorithm is supported by a real life example of a manufacturing company.
文摘According to the study of super-resolution range-gated system, we proposed an improved system with linear plus detects. And a range function is derived by considering the shot effect noise and dark current noise. The simulation shows that the improved system has a good range accuracy capability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074228,52305420,and 51875470)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742830)。
文摘GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 582 MPa and 820 MPa,respectively.The HCF strength of joint reaches 400 MPa,which is slightly lower than that of Base Metal(BM),indicating reliable quality of this type of joint.The microstructure observation results show that all cracks initiate at the inside of specimens and transfer into deeper region with decrease of external stress,and the crack initiation site is related with microhardness of matrix.The Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)results of the observed regions with different distances to fracture show that plastic deformation plays a key role in HCF,and the Schmid factor of most grains near fracture exceeds 0.4.In addition,the generation of twins plays a vital role in strain concentration release and coordinating plastic deformation among grains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074228,52305420 and 51875470)the Practice and Innovation Funds for Graduate Students of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.PF2024053)the Xi’an Beilin District Science and Technology Planning Project,China(No.GX2349).
文摘The pre-weld heat treatment was carried out to obtain different initial microstructures of the GH4169 superalloy,and then Linear Friction Welding(LFW)was performed.The effect of the pre-weld heat treatment on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joint was analyzed,and the joint electrochemical corrosion behavior as well as the hot corrosion behavior was studied.The results show that the joint hardness of Base Metal(BM)increases after pre-weld heat treatment,and the strengthening phasesγ′andγ″further precipitate.However,the precipitation phases dissolve significantly in the Weld Zone(WZ)due to the thermal process of LFW.The corrosion resistance in BM is reduced after the pre-weld heat treatment,while it is similar in WZ with a slight decrease.The surface morphology of the BM and WZ can be generally divided into a loose and porous matrix and a scattered oxide particle layer after hot corrosion.The joint cross section exhibits a Cr-depleted zone with the diffusion of Cr to form an oxide film.The corrosion product mainly consists of Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4) as the outer layer and Cr_(2)O_(3) as the inner layer.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2903904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51904057 and U1906208).
文摘Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z211100004421012),the Key Reaserch and Development Pro⁃gram of China(2022YFF0605902)。
文摘In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the rapid determination of optimal embedding impedance for diodes across a specific bandwidth to achieve maximum efficiency through harmonic balance simulations.By optimizing the linear matching circuit with the optimal embedding impedance,the method effectively segregates the simulation of the linear segments from the nonlinear segments in the frequency multiplier circuit,substantially improving the speed of simulations.The design of on-chip linear matching circuits adopts a modular circuit design strategy,incorporating fixed load resistors to simplify the matching challenge.Utilizing this approach,a 340 GHz frequency doubler was developed and measured.The results demonstrate that,across a bandwidth of 330 GHz to 342 GHz,the efficiency of the doubler remains above 10%,with an input power ranging from 98 mW to 141mW and an output power exceeding 13 mW.Notably,at an input power of 141 mW,a peak output power of 21.8 mW was achieved at 334 GHz,corresponding to an efficiency of 15.8%.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Program(2022ZD 0115403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61991414)+1 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2023NSCQJQX0018)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L221005)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems over directed graphs. A novel adaptive dynamic event-triggered controller is presented based only on the feedback combination of the agent's own state and neighbors' output,which can achieve exponential output consensus through intermittent communication. The controller is obtained by solving two linear matrix equations, and Zeno behavior is excluded.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0600704).
文摘The hydroformylation of olefins,known as the"oxo reaction",involves the use of syngas(CO/H_(2))to produce aldehyde with an additional carbon atom.However,side reactions such as the isomerization or hydrogenation of olefins often result in unexpected products and other by-products.Recent efforts in developing efficient ligands represent the most effective approach to addressing these challenges.In this study,we described a Bis-OPNN phosphorus ligand facilitated Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation with a high degree of linear selectivity across various olefins.Under mild conditions,a broad range of olefins were efficiently converted into linear aldehydes with high yields and excellent regioselectivity.The protocol also showed impressive functional group tolerance and was successfully applied to modify drugs and natural products,including the total synthesis of(±)-crispine A.Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that this Bis-OPNN phosphorus ligand anchoring the rhodium catalyst is crucial for controlling the linear selectivity.
基金supported by the Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.22567605H).
文摘We study the existence and stability of dark-gap solitons in linear lattice and nonlinear lattices.The results indicate that the combination of linear and nonlinear lattices gives dark-gap solitons unique properties.The linear lattice can stabilize dark-gap solitons,while the nonlinear lattice reduces the stability of dark-gap solitons.On the basis of numerical analysis,we investigate the effects of lattice depth,chemical potential,nonlinear lattice amplitude,and nonlinear lattice period on the soliton in mixed lattices with the same and different periods.The stability of dark-gap soliton is studied carefully by means of real-time evolution and linear stability analysis.Dark-gap solitons can exist stably in the band gap,but the solitons formed by the mixed lattices are slightly different when the period is the same or different.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272242 and U1934201)。
文摘Piecewise linear systems are prevalent in engineering practice,and can be categorized into symmetric and asymmetric piecewise linear systems.Considering that symmetry is a special case of asymmetry,it is essential to investigate the broader model,namely the asymmetric piecewise linear system.The traditional averaging method is frequently used for studying nonlinear systems,particularly symmetric piecewise linear systems,with the harmonic response of the oscillator serving as a key prerequisite for calculating steady-state solutions.However,asymmetric systems inherently exhibit nonharmonic,asymmetric responses,rendering the traditional averaging method inapplicable.To overcome this limitation,this paper introduces an improved averaging method tailored for an oscillator characterized by asymmetric gaps and springs.Unlike the traditional method,which assumes a purely harmonic response,the improved averaging method redefines the system response as a superposition of a direct current(DC)term and a first harmonic component.Herein,the DC term can be regarded as the offset induced by model asymmetry.Furthermore,the DC term is treated as a slow variable function of time,with its time derivative assumed to be zero when calculating the steady-state solution,akin to the amplitude and phase in the traditional averaging method.Numerical validation demonstrates that the responses computed in both time and frequency domains with the improved averaging method exhibit greater accuracy compared with those derived from the traditional method.Leveraging these improved results,the study also examines the parameter effect,stability,and bifurcation phenomena within the amplitude-frequency responses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371378,41725017,11901098).
文摘A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(grant no.QN2023092)High-level Talent Research Startup Project of Hebei University(grant no.521100221071,521000981426,521100223225)+17 种基金National Key R&D Plan"Nano Frontier"Key Special Project(Grant Nos.2024YFA1208400,2021YFA1200502)National Key R&D Program Disruptive Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.2024YFF1504300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62004056,62104058,Grant No.61874158)National Major R&D Project Cultivation Projects(Grant No.92164109)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant Nos.F2021201045,F2021201022,F2022201054,F2023201044,F2022201002)Special Support Funds for National High-Level Talents(Grant No.041500120001)Hebei Province Yanzhao Young Scientist Project(Grant No.F2023201076)Support Program for the Top Young Talents of Hebei Province(Grant No.70280011807)Hebei Province High-Level Talent Funding Project(Grant No.B20231003)Strategic Leading Science and Technology Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB44000000-7)Interdisciplinary Research Program of Natural Science of Hebei University(Grant No.DXK202101)Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development(Grant No.521100311)Outstanding Young Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University(Grant No.605020521001)Advanced Talents Incubation Program of Hebei University(Grant Nos.521000981426,521100221071,521100224232,521000981363)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant Nos.QN2020178,QN2021026)Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2172P011)Hebei Province Key R&D Plan Projects(Grant No.22311101D)Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2272P014)Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Key Project(Grant No.U23A20365)Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.F2023201044).
文摘Optical synapses have an ability to perceive and remember visual information,making them expected to provide more intelligent and efficient visual solutions for humans.As a new type of artificial visual sensory devices,photoelectric memristors can fully simulate synaptic performance and have great prospects in the development of biological vision.However,due to the urgent problems of nonlinear conductance and high-energy consumption,its further application in high-precision control scenarios and integration is hindered.In this work,we report an optoelectronic memristor with a structure of TiN/CeO_(2)/ZnO/ITO/Mica,which can achieve minimal energy consumption(187 pJ)at a single pulse(0.5 V,5 ms).Under the stimulation of continuous pulses,linearity can be achieved up to 99.6%.In addition,the device has a variety of synaptic functions under the combined action of photoelectric,which can be used for advanced vision.By utilizing its typical long-term memory characteristics,we achieved image recognition and long-term memory in a 3×3 synaptic array and further achieved female facial feature extraction behavior with an activation rate of over 92%.Moreover,we also use the linear response characteristic of the device to design and implement the night meeting behavior of autonomous vehicles based on the hardware platform.This work highlights the potential of photoelectric memristors for advancing neuromorphic vision systems,offering a new direction for bionic eyes and visual automation technology.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos.12301315,12235007,11975131the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ20A010009。
文摘In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability.By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations.Moreover,through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201243)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515011928)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20231211090432060,JSGGZD20220822095600001)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20231306)the technical support from the Southern University of Science and Technology Core Research Facilities(SUSTech CRF)。
文摘Ammonium level in body fluids serves as one of the critical biomarkers for healthcare,especially those relative to liver diseases.The continuous and real-time monitoring in both invasive and noninvasive manners is highly desired,while the ammonium concentrations vary largely in different body fluids.Besides,the sensing reliability based on ion-selective biosensors can be significantly interfered by potassium ions.To tackle these challenges,a flexible and biocompatible sensing patch for wireless ammonium level sensing was reported with an ultrawide linear range for universal body fluids including blood,tears,saliva,sweat and urine.The as-prepared biocompatible sensors deliver a reliable sensitivity of 58.7 mV decade-1 in the range of 1-100 mM and a desirable selectivity coefficient of 0.11 in the interference of potassium ions,attributed to the cross-calibration within the sensors array.The sensor’s biocompatibility was validated by the cell growth on the sensor surface(>80%),hemolysis rates(<5%),negligible cellular inflammatory responses and weight changes of the mice with implanted sensors.Such biocompatible sensors with ultrawide linear range and desirable selectivity open up new possibility of highly compatible biomarker analysis via different body fluids in versatile approaches.
基金supported in part by the Meteorological Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U2142211in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42075141,42341202+2 种基金in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFA0608000in part by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘In this paper,we introduce TianXing,a transformer-based data-driven model designed with physical augmentation for skillful and efficient global weather forecasting.Previous data-driven transformer models such as Pangu-Weather,FengWu,and FuXi have emerged as promising alternatives for numerical weather prediction in weather forecasting.However,these models have been characterized by their substantial computational resource consumption during training and limited incorporation of explicit physical guidance in their modeling frameworks.In contrast,TianXing applies a linear complexity mechanism that ensures proportional scalability with input data size while significantly diminishing GPU resource demands,with only a marginal compromise in accuracy.Furthermore,TianXing proposes an explicit attention decay mechanism in the linear attention derived from physical insights to enhance its forecasting skill.The mechanism can reweight attention based on Earth's spherical distances and learned sparse multivariate coupling relationships,promptingTianXing to prioritize dynamically relevant neighboring features.Finally,to enhance its performance in mediumrange forecasting,TianXing employs a stacked autoregressive forecast algorithm.Validation of the model's architecture is conducted using ERA5 reanalysis data at a 5.625°latitude-longitude resolution,while a high-resolution dataset at 0.25°is utilized for training the actual forecasting model.Notably,the TianXing exhibits excellent performance,particularly in the Z500(geopotential height)and T850(temperature)fields,surpassing previous data-driven models and operational fullresolution models such as NCEP GFS and ECMWF IFS,as evidenced by latitude-weighted RMSE and ACC metrics.Moreover,the TianXing has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in predicting extreme weather events,such as typhoons.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52472059)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University (No. 22lgqb03)State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (No. OEMT-2022-ZRC-01)。
文摘Carbon materials have long been a subject of study, offering diverse properties based on their hybridized structures. Except sp^(2)-hybridized graphene and carbon nanotubes, the focus on sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains has garnered significant interest due to its unique predicted properties, despite limitations in research and development stemming from its high reactivity. This comprehensive review summaries recent advancements in synthetic methodologies and characterization of the sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains, encompassing linear carbon chains and cyclo[n]carbons. The review traces significant milestones in synthesis and offers a thorough overview of various properties on linear and cyclic carbon chains, from their initial discovery to recent development. The advancing synthetic methods have led to practical breakthroughs, transitioning theoretical concepts into tangible carbon-chain materials. However, challenges persist in achieving controlled and scalable preparation due to the high reactivity associated with sp^(1)-hybridization. Future research prospects focus on fundamental studies, such as exploring the transition length from polyyne to carbyne and experimentally determining the properties of single carbon chains.This review underscores both the progress made and the compelling avenues for future exploration in the dynamic field of sp^(1)-hybridized carbon chains.
文摘Codebooks are widely applied in code division multiple access communication systems.Based on the subspaces of singular linear spaces over the finite fields,two classes of new codebooks are constructed.Firstly,a kind of binary codebooks are constructed by using the subspace of the singular linear space over the finite fields.According to the anzahl theorem,the parameters and the maximum correlation amplitude I_(max)(C)of the codebooks are calculated,and then given the conditions that the I_(max)(C)asymptotically reaches the Welch bound.On this basis,by mixing with Hadamard matrices,the number of columns are increased and obtain another class of new code,which further relaxes the conditions that the I_(max)(C)asymptotically reaches the Welch bound.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52225403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077244).
文摘The study of the mechanical property and damage state of coal materials under compression is a fundamental area of research in underground mining engineering.Drawing upon the compaction effect and linear energy dissipation(LED)law,a novel compressive damage constitutive model for brittle coal is proposed.Utilizing the energy-defined damage method for mate-rials,the LED law is innovatively introduced to accurately characterize the energy dissipation during the loading process,and a novel formula for characterizing the damage variable of brittle coal is proposed.On this basis,considering that the constitutive model based on the hypothesis of strain equivalence is incapable of accurately describing the compaction effect exhibited by coal material during the compression process,a correction coefficient is proposed and apply it in the novel damage constitutive model.The established conventional monotone loading and single-cyclic loading-unloading uniaxial compression damage constitutive models have been validated using experimental data from cylindrical and cuboid coal specimens.In addition,compared with the constitutive model obtained via the traditional energy calculation method based on the hypothesis that the unloading curve is a straight line,the constitutive model employing LED law can describe the stress-strain state of brittle coal more precisely.This approach introduces a new perspective and enhances the convenience for constructing the constitutive model based on energy theory.
文摘To meet the demand for miniaturized,compact,high-reliability,and long-life cryocoolers in small satellite platforms,the development of a linear Stirling cryocooler has been undertaken.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation software was used to conduct simulation analyses,verifying the impact of porous media channel layout,eccentricity,viscous resistance coefficient of the porous media,and piston position on the designed aerostatic bearing piston employing self-supplied gas bearing technology.The calculation results indicate that both the aerostatic force and leakage increase synchronously with eccentricity,while the two designed gas lift channel layouts are capable of providing sufficient load-bearing capacity while ensuring minimal leakage.Through calculations,it was determined that the viscous resistance coefficient of the porous media material,used as a throttling mechanism,is most suitable within the range of 81011 to 810131/m2.When studying the piston position,it was found that××due to the influence of the gas film length,the aerostatic force gradually increases as the piston moves from the maximum compression stroke state to the maximum low-pressure stroke state.To validate combining simulation with experimental platform testing,a support fixture platform for testing the load-bearing capacity of the gas bearings was independently constructed.The development of the aerostatic bearing piston prototype was completed,and performance tests were conducted,confirming that the trend of aerostatic force variation with gas film length is consistent with calculations.Additionally,it was verified that under the two aerostatic channel layouts,the aerostatic force closely matches the calculated values.
基金supported by National Science Foundations of China(Grant No.11771340,12171373).
文摘Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.
