An iterative algorithm for modeling of non-linear joint by the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) was described, and the effect of the non-linear joint on the in-situ stress field was investigated in this paper. ...An iterative algorithm for modeling of non-linear joint by the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) was described, and the effect of the non-linear joint on the in-situ stress field was investigated in this paper. The Barton-Bandis (BB) non-linear joint model and failure criterion were adopted in the new DDM program. Using this program, the stress field around the non-linear joint was obtained, the parameters analysis of the joint was carried out, and the deformation and stress distribution of the joint were studied. The simulation results show that: (1)the in-situ stress is significantly affected by the joint; (2)the increase of stiffness, friction angle, and thickness of the joint affect the stress concentration in different ways; (3)the influence distance of the joint changes with the angle of the joint; (4)the deformation and stress of the joint change with the point position.展开更多
[目的]探讨雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平动态变化与乳腺癌患者生存预后的潜在关联,比较新辅助治疗与无新辅助治疗下乳腺癌患者生存率的差异性。[方法]基于2015—2019年新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院随访的女性乳腺癌患者的临床数据,首先在不同...[目的]探讨雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平动态变化与乳腺癌患者生存预后的潜在关联,比较新辅助治疗与无新辅助治疗下乳腺癌患者生存率的差异性。[方法]基于2015—2019年新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院随访的女性乳腺癌患者的临床数据,首先在不同分位数下(=0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75)分别建立线性分位数混合模型拟合E2水平的动态变化,并通过赤池信息量准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)与贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criteria,BIC)从中选择最优模型作为联合模型的纵向子模型。其次,基于扩展的Cox比例风险模型建立生存子模型;进一步通过共享随机效应建立纵向与生存数据的贝叶斯分位数联合模型,并通过马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)方法估计其关联系数()。[结果]最优子模型筛选结果显示,=0.50时,纵向子模型的AIC与BIC值最小。在=0.50下构建贝叶斯分位数联合模型。联合模型结果显示,E2水平的动态变化与乳腺癌患者的生存结局显著性相关(=0.59,HR=1.80,95%CI:1.47~2.24)。新辅助治疗是乳腺癌患者的保护因素(HR=0.155,95%CI:0.047~0.384),能够降低乳腺癌患者84.5%死亡风险。[结论]乳腺癌患者E2水平增加与不良生存预后相关,新辅助治疗可降低乳腺癌患者的死亡风险,并改善其生存预后。乳腺癌患者应采取积极治疗手段控制雌二醇水平升高、抑制肿瘤的生长和扩散,从而提高患者的生存率。展开更多
Although many intact rock types can be very strong,a critical confining pressure can eventually be reached in triaxial testing,such that the Mohr shear strength envelope becomes horizontal.This critical state has rece...Although many intact rock types can be very strong,a critical confining pressure can eventually be reached in triaxial testing,such that the Mohr shear strength envelope becomes horizontal.This critical state has recently been better defined,and correct curvature or correct deviation from linear Mohr-Coulomb（MC） has finally been found.Standard shear testing procedures for rock joints,using multiple testing of the same sample,in case of insufficient samples,can be shown to exaggerate apparent cohesion.Even rough joints do not have any cohesion,but instead have very high friction angles at low stress,due to strong dilation.Rock masses,implying problems of large-scale interaction with engineering structures,may have both cohesive and frictional strength components.However,it is not correct to add these,following linear M-C or nonlinear Hoek-Brown（H-B） standard routines.Cohesion is broken at small strain,while friction is mobilized at larger strain and remains to the end of the shear deformation.The criterion ＇c then σn tan φ＇ should replace ＇c plus σn tan φ＇ for improved fit to reality.Transformation of principal stresses to a shear plane seems to ignore mobilized dilation,and caused great experimental difficulties until understood.There seems to be plenty of room for continued research,so that errors of judgement of the last 50 years can be corrected.展开更多
基金Western Transport Construction Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Transport of China ( No. 2009318000046)
文摘An iterative algorithm for modeling of non-linear joint by the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) was described, and the effect of the non-linear joint on the in-situ stress field was investigated in this paper. The Barton-Bandis (BB) non-linear joint model and failure criterion were adopted in the new DDM program. Using this program, the stress field around the non-linear joint was obtained, the parameters analysis of the joint was carried out, and the deformation and stress distribution of the joint were studied. The simulation results show that: (1)the in-situ stress is significantly affected by the joint; (2)the increase of stiffness, friction angle, and thickness of the joint affect the stress concentration in different ways; (3)the influence distance of the joint changes with the angle of the joint; (4)the deformation and stress of the joint change with the point position.
文摘[目的]探讨雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平动态变化与乳腺癌患者生存预后的潜在关联,比较新辅助治疗与无新辅助治疗下乳腺癌患者生存率的差异性。[方法]基于2015—2019年新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院随访的女性乳腺癌患者的临床数据,首先在不同分位数下(=0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75)分别建立线性分位数混合模型拟合E2水平的动态变化,并通过赤池信息量准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)与贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criteria,BIC)从中选择最优模型作为联合模型的纵向子模型。其次,基于扩展的Cox比例风险模型建立生存子模型;进一步通过共享随机效应建立纵向与生存数据的贝叶斯分位数联合模型,并通过马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)方法估计其关联系数()。[结果]最优子模型筛选结果显示,=0.50时,纵向子模型的AIC与BIC值最小。在=0.50下构建贝叶斯分位数联合模型。联合模型结果显示,E2水平的动态变化与乳腺癌患者的生存结局显著性相关(=0.59,HR=1.80,95%CI:1.47~2.24)。新辅助治疗是乳腺癌患者的保护因素(HR=0.155,95%CI:0.047~0.384),能够降低乳腺癌患者84.5%死亡风险。[结论]乳腺癌患者E2水平增加与不良生存预后相关,新辅助治疗可降低乳腺癌患者的死亡风险,并改善其生存预后。乳腺癌患者应采取积极治疗手段控制雌二醇水平升高、抑制肿瘤的生长和扩散,从而提高患者的生存率。
文摘Although many intact rock types can be very strong,a critical confining pressure can eventually be reached in triaxial testing,such that the Mohr shear strength envelope becomes horizontal.This critical state has recently been better defined,and correct curvature or correct deviation from linear Mohr-Coulomb（MC） has finally been found.Standard shear testing procedures for rock joints,using multiple testing of the same sample,in case of insufficient samples,can be shown to exaggerate apparent cohesion.Even rough joints do not have any cohesion,but instead have very high friction angles at low stress,due to strong dilation.Rock masses,implying problems of large-scale interaction with engineering structures,may have both cohesive and frictional strength components.However,it is not correct to add these,following linear M-C or nonlinear Hoek-Brown（H-B） standard routines.Cohesion is broken at small strain,while friction is mobilized at larger strain and remains to the end of the shear deformation.The criterion ＇c then σn tan φ＇ should replace ＇c plus σn tan φ＇ for improved fit to reality.Transformation of principal stresses to a shear plane seems to ignore mobilized dilation,and caused great experimental difficulties until understood.There seems to be plenty of room for continued research,so that errors of judgement of the last 50 years can be corrected.
