This article presents the physics for determining an appropriate helicon plasma source for the linear experimental advanced device(LEAD)through tripartite mutual verification encompassing theoretical analysis,code sim...This article presents the physics for determining an appropriate helicon plasma source for the linear experimental advanced device(LEAD)through tripartite mutual verification encompassing theoretical analysis,code simulation,and experimental validation.Using the HELIC code,plasma excitation processes were simulated with three antenna configurations:m=1 half-helix,m=1 Boswell,and m=0 single-loop helicon antennas,and complemented by theoretical analysis.Key parameters including plasma impedance(R_(p))and energy deposition profiles along radial(P_(r))and axial(P_(z))directions were comparatively analyzed,revealing significantly enhanced R_(p),P_(r),and P_(z) values for the loop antenna configuration as compared with other configurations.Wave propagation equation solutions predicted a primary plasma generation layer at the antenna center;numerical simulations identified an additional plasma formation region at the antenna boundary,indicative of edge Landau damping effects.Interestingly,stronger axial magnetic fields do not necessarily result in higher plasma densities,especially for m=0 antenna configurations.Experimental validation conducted with an m=0 multi-loop plasma source confirmed these findings.Both theoretical analyses and experimental studies on large-volume plasma generation utilizing this innovative source elucidated the underlying mechanisms responsible for the remarkable low mode transition threshold of 150-watt input power and demonstrated significantly enhanced plasma confinement properties.展开更多
Researches on plasma-facing materials/components(PFMs/PFCs)have become a focus in magnetic confinement fusion studies,particularly for advanced tokamak operation scenarios.Similarly,spacecraft surface materials must m...Researches on plasma-facing materials/components(PFMs/PFCs)have become a focus in magnetic confinement fusion studies,particularly for advanced tokamak operation scenarios.Similarly,spacecraft surface materials must maintain stable performance under relatively high temperatures and other harsh plasma conditions,making studies of their thermal and ablation resistance critical.Recently,a low-cost,low-energy-storage for superconducting magnets,and compact linear device,HIT-PSI,has been designed and constructed at Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)to investigate the interaction between stable high heat flux plasma and PFMs/PFCs in scrape-off-layer(SOL)and divertor regions,as well as spacecraft surface materials.The parameters of the argon plasma beam of HIT-PSI are diagnosed using a water-cooled planar Langmuir probe and emission spectroscopy.As magnetic field rises to 2 T,the argon plasma beam generated by a cascaded arc source achieves high density exceeding 1.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at a distance of 25 cm from the source with electron temperature surpassing 4 eV,where the particle flux reaches 10^(24)m^(-2)s^(-1),and the heat flux loaded on the graphite target measured by infrared camera reaches 4 MW/m^(2).Combined with probe and emission spectroscopy data,the transport characteristics of the argon plasma beam are analyzed.展开更多
Rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.However,Zn metal anode still faces a s...Rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.However,Zn metal anode still faces a series of side reactions,including hydrogen evolution,dendrite,corrosion,and passivation.More-over,emerging electronic devices such as flexible electronic devices,portable electronic devices and linear energy devices,have different functional requirements for energy storage technologies,which cannot be met by conventional Zn foil anode.In the face of these challenges,designing new configuration of Zn anode is urgently needed.This review summarizes the advances of various new configuration anode materials,includ-ing three-dimensional Zn anode,3D printed Zn anode,printed Zn anode,imprinted Zn anode,linear Zn anode and their energy storage devices.The advantages,challenges and corresponding strategies of these new configuration anode were discussed.Finally,future development directions and perspectives of these anode materials were presented.展开更多
A new compact cascaded arc device for plasma-wall interaction study is developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A magnetic field up to 0.8 T is achieved to confine plasmas in a 1.2 m lo...A new compact cascaded arc device for plasma-wall interaction study is developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A magnetic field up to 0.8 T is achieved to confine plasmas in a 1.2 m long and 0.1 m diameter vacuum chamber.Gas fluid type analysis in this compact vacuum system was done under high particle flux condition.The gas pressure obtained by calculation was consistent with the measurement result.Continuous argon plasma discharge with ion flux of~0.5×10^(24)m^(-2)s^(-1)is successfully sustained for more than 1h.The effects of magnetic field configuration,gas flow rate,and discharge arc current on the ion flux to target were studied in detail.展开更多
Relaxation rate is a very crucial parameter in physics.For the water surface wave,its relaxation rate is directly relevantto the response time of disturbed spectrum returning back to its quasi-steady state.It is diffi...Relaxation rate is a very crucial parameter in physics.For the water surface wave,its relaxation rate is directly relevantto the response time of disturbed spectrum returning back to its quasi-steady state.It is difficult to be calculated directly asa function of different oceanographic and meteorological parameters.Previous researches were mainly based on experimentalmeasurements or parameterization.In this paper,a method based on the liner array charge-coupled device(CCD)is proposed tomeasure the relaxation rate of the water surface wave.Compared with the traditional methods?it can obtain the information ofsurface wave and current synchronously,and works well under a multi wind-wave environment.Wind wav^tank experimentswere carried out based on this method.The good consistency between the results calculated by this method and the traditionalrelaxation rate models shows the validity of the proposed method.This method can be further used to study the modulation theoryof surface waves by currents.展开更多
This contribution summarized the recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device like the simulator for tokamak edge plasma(STEP),focusing on the examination of newly developed tun...This contribution summarized the recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device like the simulator for tokamak edge plasma(STEP),focusing on the examination of newly developed tungsten(W)-based materi-als and plasma-induced defects in pure W.Pure W,W-V,W-Y_(2)O_(3)and W-ZrC samples were exposed to a high-flux plasma of~1021-1022 m^(−2)s^(−1) with a fluence up to 1026 m^(−2) at a surface temperature below 500 K.The investigation of fundamental evolution of plasma-induced defects in pure W indicated a critical role of hydrogen-dislocation interactions.Suppressed surface blistering was observed in all W-based materials,but deuterium desorption behavior and retention were distinct with respect to different materials.The studies showed that the linear plasma device like the STEP was indispensable in the understanding of plasma-material interactions and the qualification of new materials for future fusion reactors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE03100002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12435015 and 12075241)。
文摘This article presents the physics for determining an appropriate helicon plasma source for the linear experimental advanced device(LEAD)through tripartite mutual verification encompassing theoretical analysis,code simulation,and experimental validation.Using the HELIC code,plasma excitation processes were simulated with three antenna configurations:m=1 half-helix,m=1 Boswell,and m=0 single-loop helicon antennas,and complemented by theoretical analysis.Key parameters including plasma impedance(R_(p))and energy deposition profiles along radial(P_(r))and axial(P_(z))directions were comparatively analyzed,revealing significantly enhanced R_(p),P_(r),and P_(z) values for the loop antenna configuration as compared with other configurations.Wave propagation equation solutions predicted a primary plasma generation layer at the antenna center;numerical simulations identified an additional plasma formation region at the antenna boundary,indicative of edge Landau damping effects.Interestingly,stronger axial magnetic fields do not necessarily result in higher plasma densities,especially for m=0 antenna configurations.Experimental validation conducted with an m=0 multi-loop plasma source confirmed these findings.Both theoretical analyses and experimental studies on large-volume plasma generation utilizing this innovative source elucidated the underlying mechanisms responsible for the remarkable low mode transition threshold of 150-watt input power and demonstrated significantly enhanced plasma confinement properties.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12105067)the ITER Organization and China Domestic Agency for the support of this work(No.ITER5.5.P01.CN.05)。
文摘Researches on plasma-facing materials/components(PFMs/PFCs)have become a focus in magnetic confinement fusion studies,particularly for advanced tokamak operation scenarios.Similarly,spacecraft surface materials must maintain stable performance under relatively high temperatures and other harsh plasma conditions,making studies of their thermal and ablation resistance critical.Recently,a low-cost,low-energy-storage for superconducting magnets,and compact linear device,HIT-PSI,has been designed and constructed at Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)to investigate the interaction between stable high heat flux plasma and PFMs/PFCs in scrape-off-layer(SOL)and divertor regions,as well as spacecraft surface materials.The parameters of the argon plasma beam of HIT-PSI are diagnosed using a water-cooled planar Langmuir probe and emission spectroscopy.As magnetic field rises to 2 T,the argon plasma beam generated by a cascaded arc source achieves high density exceeding 1.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at a distance of 25 cm from the source with electron temperature surpassing 4 eV,where the particle flux reaches 10^(24)m^(-2)s^(-1),and the heat flux loaded on the graphite target measured by infrared camera reaches 4 MW/m^(2).Combined with probe and emission spectroscopy data,the transport characteristics of the argon plasma beam are analyzed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072411)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD038).
文摘Rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.However,Zn metal anode still faces a series of side reactions,including hydrogen evolution,dendrite,corrosion,and passivation.More-over,emerging electronic devices such as flexible electronic devices,portable electronic devices and linear energy devices,have different functional requirements for energy storage technologies,which cannot be met by conventional Zn foil anode.In the face of these challenges,designing new configuration of Zn anode is urgently needed.This review summarizes the advances of various new configuration anode materials,includ-ing three-dimensional Zn anode,3D printed Zn anode,printed Zn anode,imprinted Zn anode,linear Zn anode and their energy storage devices.The advantages,challenges and corresponding strategies of these new configuration anode were discussed.Finally,future development directions and perspectives of these anode materials were presented.
基金supported by Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China (No. 2018000052-73-01001228)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2018484)
文摘A new compact cascaded arc device for plasma-wall interaction study is developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A magnetic field up to 0.8 T is achieved to confine plasmas in a 1.2 m long and 0.1 m diameter vacuum chamber.Gas fluid type analysis in this compact vacuum system was done under high particle flux condition.The gas pressure obtained by calculation was consistent with the measurement result.Continuous argon plasma discharge with ion flux of~0.5×10^(24)m^(-2)s^(-1)is successfully sustained for more than 1h.The effects of magnetic field configuration,gas flow rate,and discharge arc current on the ion flux to target were studied in detail.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276185)
文摘Relaxation rate is a very crucial parameter in physics.For the water surface wave,its relaxation rate is directly relevantto the response time of disturbed spectrum returning back to its quasi-steady state.It is difficult to be calculated directly asa function of different oceanographic and meteorological parameters.Previous researches were mainly based on experimentalmeasurements or parameterization.In this paper,a method based on the liner array charge-coupled device(CCD)is proposed tomeasure the relaxation rate of the water surface wave.Compared with the traditional methods?it can obtain the information ofsurface wave and current synchronously,and works well under a multi wind-wave environment.Wind wav^tank experimentswere carried out based on this method.The good consistency between the results calculated by this method and the traditionalrelaxation rate models shows the validity of the proposed method.This method can be further used to study the modulation theoryof surface waves by currents.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant 51720105006 and 11805007)the Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory(Grant 02020317).
文摘This contribution summarized the recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device like the simulator for tokamak edge plasma(STEP),focusing on the examination of newly developed tungsten(W)-based materi-als and plasma-induced defects in pure W.Pure W,W-V,W-Y_(2)O_(3)and W-ZrC samples were exposed to a high-flux plasma of~1021-1022 m^(−2)s^(−1) with a fluence up to 1026 m^(−2) at a surface temperature below 500 K.The investigation of fundamental evolution of plasma-induced defects in pure W indicated a critical role of hydrogen-dislocation interactions.Suppressed surface blistering was observed in all W-based materials,but deuterium desorption behavior and retention were distinct with respect to different materials.The studies showed that the linear plasma device like the STEP was indispensable in the understanding of plasma-material interactions and the qualification of new materials for future fusion reactors.
