Modern day cancer chemotherapy is complex and involves multiple drugs given either sequentially or concurrently, as an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant. Besides the concentration of the drug, timing, duration and sequencing o...Modern day cancer chemotherapy is complex and involves multiple drugs given either sequentially or concurrently, as an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant. Besides the concentration of the drug, timing, duration and sequencing of individual drugs in combination with other similar agents play a vital role in the final therapeutic outcome. This study constitutes an exhaustive overview of current knowledge of timing and sequencing, specifically of Tamoxifen, based on tumor’s hormone receptor status, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. It has become apparent that inappropriate timing or sequencing can be detrimental. On the other hand, appropriate timing and sequencing of Tamoxifen, based on breast cancer cell-biology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, the body’s homeostatic response to drugs;surgery and radiation, yield huge benefit for locoregional control, long-term survival and reducing complications in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: A rational plan for use of Tamoxifen has been recommended, based on this study;for optimal therapeutic benefit. It has also been suggested that in receptor “unknown cases”, it is beneficial to prescribe Tamoxifen, since 75% of breast cancers are likely to be estrogen receptor positive and side effects can be minimized with planned vigilance.展开更多
Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical de...Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical decisions at the bedside.^([1]) Despite the welldocumented benefits of POCUS,access to longitudinal,comprehensive training programs and a lack of trainee feedback are barriers to the widespread use of this technology in such settings.^([2])展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma(NB)is a heterogeneous disease with variable outcomes among countries.Little is known about NB in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).AIM The aim of this review was to evaluate regional mana...BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma(NB)is a heterogeneous disease with variable outcomes among countries.Little is known about NB in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).AIM The aim of this review was to evaluate regional management protocols and challenges in treating NB in paediatric oncology units in LMICs compared to high-income countries(HICs).METHODS PubMed,Global Health,Embase,SciELO,African Index Medicus and Google Scholar were searched for publications with keywords pertaining to NB,LMICs and outcomes.Only English language manuscripts and abstracts were included.A descriptive review was done,and tables illustrating the findings were constructed.RESULTS Limited information beyond single-institution experiences regarding NB outcomes in LMICs was available.The disease characteristics varied among countries for the following variables:sex,age at presentation,MYCN amplification,stage and outcome.LMICs were found to be burdened with a higher percentage of stage 4 and high-risk NB compared to HICs.Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols was still a barrier to care.Many socioeconomic variables also influenced the diagnosis,management and followup of patients with NB.CONCLUSION Patients presented at a later age with more advanced disease in LMICs.Management was limited by the lack of resources and genetic studies for improved NB classification.Further research is needed to develop modified diagnostic and treatment protocols for LMICs in the face of limited resources.展开更多
The reachability of a strongly connected network may be destroyed after link damage.Since many networks are directed or equivalent directed,connected by directed links with the potential for reversal. Therefore the re...The reachability of a strongly connected network may be destroyed after link damage.Since many networks are directed or equivalent directed,connected by directed links with the potential for reversal. Therefore the reachability can be restored by reversing the direction of links.[1]has studied this matter under unlimited resources(transmitter and receiver)condition.In this paper the reconnectability of a net- work with limited number of receivers and transmitters is discussed.Also a linear time algorithm is given to find a reconnected reversal for limited receivers and transmitters.展开更多
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel an...The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.展开更多
Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the tr...Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the treatment of open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones as a therapeutic option in our context. Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, multicenter study of 30 open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones treated with exclusive fibula osteosynthesis, conducted in 3 hospitals in the DRC from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016. Results: The age range of 20 to 40 years grouped 22 (73.4%) patients, the sex ratio was 1:1 and the unemployed were the most involved with 16 (53.3%) cases. The Gustilo II, I, III B and III A types represented 40%, 33.3%, 20% and 6.7%, respectively. The fractures were located in the distal third in 12 (40%) cases, in the middle third in 11 (36.7%) cases, and in both malleoli in 7 cases (23.3%). Osteosynthesis of the fibula by screw plate was applied in 22 (73.3%) patients and pinning in 8 (26.7%). Satisfactory reduction of the tibial fracture site was achieved in 29 (96.7%) cases and 100% bone healing was achieved within an average of 10 weeks. Four (13.3%) loss of alignment, 1 (3.3%) infection, 1 (3.3%) skin necrosis and 2 (6.7%) ankle stiffness complicated our fractures. Conclusion: Exclusive osteosynthesis of the fibula as a common technique for fractures of the distal half of the leg bones allowed us to reduce, immobilize and consolidate the tibial fracture in the required time and to preserve the mobility of the ankle.展开更多
Introduction: Gastroschisis is one of the neonatal pathologies with bad prognosis in developing countries due to a lack of equipment. We aim to report one way of managing this malformation that could be practised ever...Introduction: Gastroschisis is one of the neonatal pathologies with bad prognosis in developing countries due to a lack of equipment. We aim to report one way of managing this malformation that could be practised everywhere, constituting an alternative approach to surgery in poor areas. Patients and Methods: This observational and descriptive study included newborn babies with gastroschisis who underwent gradual bedside reduction at the Paediatric Surgery Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: Our cohort was constituted by 32 newborn babies with a mean age of 18.12 hours on admission. The Lefort type 2 was the most frequent in 81.25% of cases. The mean time for oral feeding after complete reduction was 17.4 days and the duration of hospital stay was 24.91 days. Survival rates were at 40.63%, with a residual hernia after healing in 38.46% of cases. Conclusion: Despite the high rate of mortality, gradual reduction of gastroschisis at the bedside seems to be an opportunity for resource constrained areas and can be an alternative solution to surgery.展开更多
The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) significantly influences survival and neurological outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest(CA).Although mechanical chest compression devices and extracorporeal cardio...The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) significantly influences survival and neurological outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest(CA).Although mechanical chest compression devices and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR) have demonstrated some benefits,high-quality manual CPR remained the essential first step,particularly in resource-limited settings.In this study,we examined whether opportunities existed to improve manual CPR performance using preliminary data from our recent survey conducted in a province in western China.We aim to emphasize the importance of improving manual CPR quality before implementing advanced interventions.展开更多
The relationship between man and nature seems highly diverse during the evolving process of human society. Numerous destructive consequences incurring from the carly stage of the industrialization led to man＇s severe...The relationship between man and nature seems highly diverse during the evolving process of human society. Numerous destructive consequences incurring from the carly stage of the industrialization led to man＇s severe concern about ecological and environment issues. In 1972, a book entitled “The Limits To Growth” ushered in a worldwide argumentation campaign, and forced man to realize that the bearing capacity of ecological surroundings is finite, and the quantity of resources is numbered as well. Admittedly, the human advance in science and technology, from the long-term viewpoint, is capable of discovering new types of energy and resources. However, each specific period of human history is always endangered due to the crisis of energy and resources. Therefore the core of the retainable development lies in variation of the outdated pattern of economic growth as well as pursuit to the new substitutes.展开更多
Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening global health crisis that disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)owing to gaps in awareness,diagnosis,and treatment.The Phoenix criteria and 2030 World ...Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening global health crisis that disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)owing to gaps in awareness,diagnosis,and treatment.The Phoenix criteria and 2030 World Sepsis Declaration highlight the need for inclusive,multisectoral policies to combat this issue.In nations such as India,high population density,healthcare inequities,and environmental risks worsen outcomes,threatening public health and economic stability.展开更多
1.Motivation.There is an increasing demand for rechargeable batteries in high-performance energy storage systems.The current dominating Li ion batteries are limited by price fluctuations of resources,resource availabi...1.Motivation.There is an increasing demand for rechargeable batteries in high-performance energy storage systems.The current dominating Li ion batteries are limited by price fluctuations of resources,resource availability,as well as their theoretical capacities so that the community is exploring alternative battery chemistries to expand the portfolio of available battery types.展开更多
Optimal partitioning theory （OPT） suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomas...Optimal partitioning theory （OPT） suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomass allocation between leaves, stems and roots. However, variations in biomass allocation among plant parts can also occur as a plant grows in size. As an alternative approach, allometric biomass partitioning theory （APT） asserts that plants should trade off their biomass between roots, stems and leaves. This approach can minimize bias when comparing biomass allocation patterns by accounting for plant size in the analysis. We analyzed the biomass allo- cation strategy of perennial Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel in the Horqin Sand Land of northern China by treating samples with different availabilities of soil nutrients and water, adding snow in winter and water in summer. We hypothesized that P. centrasiaticum alters its pattern of biomass allocation strategy in response to different levels of soil water content and soil nitrogen content. We used standardized major axis （SMA） to analyze the allometric rela- tionship （slope） and intercept between biomass traits （root, stem, leaf and total biomass） of nitrogen/water treat- ments. Taking plant size into consideration, no allometric relationships between different organs were significantly affected by differing soil water and soil nitrogen levels, while the biomass allocation strategy of P. centrasiaticum was affected by soil water levels, but not by soil nitrogen levels. The plasticity of roots, leaves and root/shoot ratios was ＇true＇ in response to fluctuations in soil water content, but the plasticity of stems was consistent for trade-offs between the effects of water and plant size. Plants allocated relatively more biomass to roots and less to leaves when snow was added in winter. A similar trend was observed when water was added in summer. The plasticity of roots, stems and leaves was a function of plant size, and remained unchanged in response to different soil nitrogen levels.展开更多
Background:Soft tissue reconstruction is typically conducted after evacuation from theater of operations.If circumstances do not allow timely evacuation,however,defect site may need to be reconstructed in the combat z...Background:Soft tissue reconstruction is typically conducted after evacuation from theater of operations.If circumstances do not allow timely evacuation,however,defect site may need to be reconstructed in the combat zone.Case presentation:A total of 41 patients with extremity soft tissue defect were treated using pedicled flaps by a single orthopedic surgeon during four deployments in Chad,Afghanistan and Mali between 2010 and 2017.The mean age was 25.6 years.A total of 46 injury sites in extremities required flap coverage:19 combat-related injuries(CRIs)and 27 non-combat related injuries(NCRIs).Twenty of the injury sites were infected.Overall,63 pedicled flap transfers were carried out:15 muscle flaps,35 local fasciocutaneous flaps and 13 distant fasciocutaneous flaps.The flap types used did not differ for CRIs or NCRIs.Mean follow-up was 71 days.Complications included deep infection(n=6),flap failure(n=1)and partial flap necrosis(n=1).Limb salvage rate was 92.7%(38/41).Conclusions:Soft tissue defect can be managed with simple pedicled flaps in theatre of operations if needed.Basic reconstructive procedures should be part of the training for military orthopedic surgeons.Trial registration:Retrospectively registered in January 2019(2019-0901-001).展开更多
With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensu...With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.展开更多
Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production,followed by different steps of phosphate utilization,including primary production,feed and food consumption,and conversion of biomass,with accum...Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production,followed by different steps of phosphate utilization,including primary production,feed and food consumption,and conversion of biomass,with accumulation in soils,but little recycling and severe environmental losses.Phosphate is a limited essential nutrient,however,with very uneven distribution worldwide.Closing the cycle and reducing primary phosphate consumption are fundamental future challenges.Maize has a relatively high phosphate requirement.China and Germany together cover the whole range of maize production systems.The new Sino-German international research training group"Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources"(AMAIZE-P)was initiated in 2018 as a joint venture of the China Agricultural University(Beijing,China)and the University of Hohenheim(Stuttgart,Germany).The interdisciplinary and complementary research is driven by the hypothesis that under phosphate limited conditions,high productivity and high phosphate use efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by adapting phosphate cycling and availability(sources)to the multipurpose phosphate demands(sinks)in maizebased food-feed-energy systems.The educational program for doctoral researchers in China and Germany includes joint block seminars,thematic field trips,case studies,methodological courses,doctoral researchers’conferences,intercultural training sessions and personal training.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mass methanol poisonings are challenging,especially in regions with no preparedness,management guidelines and available antidotes.CASE SUMMARY Six Ukrainian patients were referred to our emergency departmen...BACKGROUND Mass methanol poisonings are challenging,especially in regions with no preparedness,management guidelines and available antidotes.CASE SUMMARY Six Ukrainian patients were referred to our emergency department in Cairo,Egypt several hours after drinking an alcoholic beverage made of 70%-ethanol disinfectant bought from a local pharmacy.All patients presented with severe metabolic acidosis and visual impairments.Two were comatose.Management was based on the clinical features and chemistry tests due to deficient resources for methanol leveling.No antidote was administered due to fomepizole unavailability and the difficulties expected to obtain ethanol and safely administer it without concentration monitoring.One patient died from multiorgan failure,another developed blindness and the four other patients rapidly improved.CONCLUSION This methanol poisoning outbreak strongly highlights the lack of safety from hazardous pharmaceuticals sold in pharmacies and limitations due to the lack of diagnostic testing,antidote availability and staff training in countries with limited-resources such as Egypt.展开更多
Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objectiv...Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.展开更多
Adequate sanitation, good hygiene, and safe water are fundamental to good health and socio-economic development. There is a close relationship between economic empowerment, livelihood factors and societal hygiene. Wor...Adequate sanitation, good hygiene, and safe water are fundamental to good health and socio-economic development. There is a close relationship between economic empowerment, livelihood factors and societal hygiene. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that each year there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera, with deaths between 21000 to 143000. Cholera transmission is closely linked to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Typical at-risk areas include peri-urban slums and camps for displaced persons or refugees. In April 2000, a large outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholera serotype Ogawa affected the Island of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. In Malawi, there were many cholera deaths among refugees, with a case fatality rate of 3.5%, 68% of which mostly occurred within 24 hours of hospital admission. About 10% of the Kenyan population (4.89 million) is living in the 30-combination high-priority sub-counties according to Kenya’s new 2022-2030 Cholera Elimination Plan. In 2005, cholera outbreak struck within the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya;418 people were treated, and 4 persons died. In this Desk Review Paper, we have explored the presentation in the following sub-themes: Introduction, where we talked about sanitation and matters of Migration and Health from the global scale down to Turkana County, Kenya where Kakuma Refugee Camp is located;the influence of health education among migrants and the local communities on cholera prevention and control;the status of sanitation facilities and their use in cholera prevention and control;how the respective health systems are prepared in terms of human resource on cholera prevention and control including tackling emergencies on displaced populations;existing policies and laws governing the socio-economic space of migrants and host communities in Africa and the world. We discovered the need for health stakeholders to respond and strive to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No. 1, 3, 6, 10 and WHO Triple Billion Targets and, in particular, prevent fecal-oral diseases among forced populations.展开更多
文摘Modern day cancer chemotherapy is complex and involves multiple drugs given either sequentially or concurrently, as an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant. Besides the concentration of the drug, timing, duration and sequencing of individual drugs in combination with other similar agents play a vital role in the final therapeutic outcome. This study constitutes an exhaustive overview of current knowledge of timing and sequencing, specifically of Tamoxifen, based on tumor’s hormone receptor status, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. It has become apparent that inappropriate timing or sequencing can be detrimental. On the other hand, appropriate timing and sequencing of Tamoxifen, based on breast cancer cell-biology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, the body’s homeostatic response to drugs;surgery and radiation, yield huge benefit for locoregional control, long-term survival and reducing complications in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: A rational plan for use of Tamoxifen has been recommended, based on this study;for optimal therapeutic benefit. It has also been suggested that in receptor “unknown cases”, it is beneficial to prescribe Tamoxifen, since 75% of breast cancers are likely to be estrogen receptor positive and side effects can be minimized with planned vigilance.
文摘Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical decisions at the bedside.^([1]) Despite the welldocumented benefits of POCUS,access to longitudinal,comprehensive training programs and a lack of trainee feedback are barriers to the widespread use of this technology in such settings.^([2])
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).
文摘BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma(NB)is a heterogeneous disease with variable outcomes among countries.Little is known about NB in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).AIM The aim of this review was to evaluate regional management protocols and challenges in treating NB in paediatric oncology units in LMICs compared to high-income countries(HICs).METHODS PubMed,Global Health,Embase,SciELO,African Index Medicus and Google Scholar were searched for publications with keywords pertaining to NB,LMICs and outcomes.Only English language manuscripts and abstracts were included.A descriptive review was done,and tables illustrating the findings were constructed.RESULTS Limited information beyond single-institution experiences regarding NB outcomes in LMICs was available.The disease characteristics varied among countries for the following variables:sex,age at presentation,MYCN amplification,stage and outcome.LMICs were found to be burdened with a higher percentage of stage 4 and high-risk NB compared to HICs.Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols was still a barrier to care.Many socioeconomic variables also influenced the diagnosis,management and followup of patients with NB.CONCLUSION Patients presented at a later age with more advanced disease in LMICs.Management was limited by the lack of resources and genetic studies for improved NB classification.Further research is needed to develop modified diagnostic and treatment protocols for LMICs in the face of limited resources.
文摘The reachability of a strongly connected network may be destroyed after link damage.Since many networks are directed or equivalent directed,connected by directed links with the potential for reversal. Therefore the reachability can be restored by reversing the direction of links.[1]has studied this matter under unlimited resources(transmitter and receiver)condition.In this paper the reconnectability of a net- work with limited number of receivers and transmitters is discussed.Also a linear time algorithm is given to find a reconnected reversal for limited receivers and transmitters.
文摘The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.
文摘Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the treatment of open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones as a therapeutic option in our context. Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, multicenter study of 30 open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones treated with exclusive fibula osteosynthesis, conducted in 3 hospitals in the DRC from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016. Results: The age range of 20 to 40 years grouped 22 (73.4%) patients, the sex ratio was 1:1 and the unemployed were the most involved with 16 (53.3%) cases. The Gustilo II, I, III B and III A types represented 40%, 33.3%, 20% and 6.7%, respectively. The fractures were located in the distal third in 12 (40%) cases, in the middle third in 11 (36.7%) cases, and in both malleoli in 7 cases (23.3%). Osteosynthesis of the fibula by screw plate was applied in 22 (73.3%) patients and pinning in 8 (26.7%). Satisfactory reduction of the tibial fracture site was achieved in 29 (96.7%) cases and 100% bone healing was achieved within an average of 10 weeks. Four (13.3%) loss of alignment, 1 (3.3%) infection, 1 (3.3%) skin necrosis and 2 (6.7%) ankle stiffness complicated our fractures. Conclusion: Exclusive osteosynthesis of the fibula as a common technique for fractures of the distal half of the leg bones allowed us to reduce, immobilize and consolidate the tibial fracture in the required time and to preserve the mobility of the ankle.
文摘Introduction: Gastroschisis is one of the neonatal pathologies with bad prognosis in developing countries due to a lack of equipment. We aim to report one way of managing this malformation that could be practised everywhere, constituting an alternative approach to surgery in poor areas. Patients and Methods: This observational and descriptive study included newborn babies with gastroschisis who underwent gradual bedside reduction at the Paediatric Surgery Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: Our cohort was constituted by 32 newborn babies with a mean age of 18.12 hours on admission. The Lefort type 2 was the most frequent in 81.25% of cases. The mean time for oral feeding after complete reduction was 17.4 days and the duration of hospital stay was 24.91 days. Survival rates were at 40.63%, with a residual hernia after healing in 38.46% of cases. Conclusion: Despite the high rate of mortality, gradual reduction of gastroschisis at the bedside seems to be an opportunity for resource constrained areas and can be an alternative solution to surgery.
文摘The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) significantly influences survival and neurological outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest(CA).Although mechanical chest compression devices and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR) have demonstrated some benefits,high-quality manual CPR remained the essential first step,particularly in resource-limited settings.In this study,we examined whether opportunities existed to improve manual CPR performance using preliminary data from our recent survey conducted in a province in western China.We aim to emphasize the importance of improving manual CPR quality before implementing advanced interventions.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 01BJ037). Part achievement of the Project "Study on the Economic Development & Resources Bearing Capacity in West China".
文摘The relationship between man and nature seems highly diverse during the evolving process of human society. Numerous destructive consequences incurring from the carly stage of the industrialization led to man＇s severe concern about ecological and environment issues. In 1972, a book entitled “The Limits To Growth” ushered in a worldwide argumentation campaign, and forced man to realize that the bearing capacity of ecological surroundings is finite, and the quantity of resources is numbered as well. Admittedly, the human advance in science and technology, from the long-term viewpoint, is capable of discovering new types of energy and resources. However, each specific period of human history is always endangered due to the crisis of energy and resources. Therefore the core of the retainable development lies in variation of the outdated pattern of economic growth as well as pursuit to the new substitutes.
文摘Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening global health crisis that disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)owing to gaps in awareness,diagnosis,and treatment.The Phoenix criteria and 2030 World Sepsis Declaration highlight the need for inclusive,multisectoral policies to combat this issue.In nations such as India,high population density,healthcare inequities,and environmental risks worsen outcomes,threatening public health and economic stability.
基金financially supported by the German Research Foundation DFG project(LI 2839/1-1),under DFG Project ID 390874152(POLiS Cluster of ExcellenceFurther funding from EU research and innovation framework programme via“HighMag”project(ID:824066).
文摘1.Motivation.There is an increasing demand for rechargeable batteries in high-performance energy storage systems.The current dominating Li ion batteries are limited by price fluctuations of resources,resource availability,as well as their theoretical capacities so that the community is exploring alternative battery chemistries to expand the portfolio of available battery types.
基金funded by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421303)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2011BAC07B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40871004)
文摘Optimal partitioning theory （OPT） suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomass allocation between leaves, stems and roots. However, variations in biomass allocation among plant parts can also occur as a plant grows in size. As an alternative approach, allometric biomass partitioning theory （APT） asserts that plants should trade off their biomass between roots, stems and leaves. This approach can minimize bias when comparing biomass allocation patterns by accounting for plant size in the analysis. We analyzed the biomass allo- cation strategy of perennial Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel in the Horqin Sand Land of northern China by treating samples with different availabilities of soil nutrients and water, adding snow in winter and water in summer. We hypothesized that P. centrasiaticum alters its pattern of biomass allocation strategy in response to different levels of soil water content and soil nitrogen content. We used standardized major axis （SMA） to analyze the allometric rela- tionship （slope） and intercept between biomass traits （root, stem, leaf and total biomass） of nitrogen/water treat- ments. Taking plant size into consideration, no allometric relationships between different organs were significantly affected by differing soil water and soil nitrogen levels, while the biomass allocation strategy of P. centrasiaticum was affected by soil water levels, but not by soil nitrogen levels. The plasticity of roots, leaves and root/shoot ratios was ＇true＇ in response to fluctuations in soil water content, but the plasticity of stems was consistent for trade-offs between the effects of water and plant size. Plants allocated relatively more biomass to roots and less to leaves when snow was added in winter. A similar trend was observed when water was added in summer. The plasticity of roots, stems and leaves was a function of plant size, and remained unchanged in response to different soil nitrogen levels.
文摘Background:Soft tissue reconstruction is typically conducted after evacuation from theater of operations.If circumstances do not allow timely evacuation,however,defect site may need to be reconstructed in the combat zone.Case presentation:A total of 41 patients with extremity soft tissue defect were treated using pedicled flaps by a single orthopedic surgeon during four deployments in Chad,Afghanistan and Mali between 2010 and 2017.The mean age was 25.6 years.A total of 46 injury sites in extremities required flap coverage:19 combat-related injuries(CRIs)and 27 non-combat related injuries(NCRIs).Twenty of the injury sites were infected.Overall,63 pedicled flap transfers were carried out:15 muscle flaps,35 local fasciocutaneous flaps and 13 distant fasciocutaneous flaps.The flap types used did not differ for CRIs or NCRIs.Mean follow-up was 71 days.Complications included deep infection(n=6),flap failure(n=1)and partial flap necrosis(n=1).Limb salvage rate was 92.7%(38/41).Conclusions:Soft tissue defect can be managed with simple pedicled flaps in theatre of operations if needed.Basic reconstructive procedures should be part of the training for military orthopedic surgeons.Trial registration:Retrospectively registered in January 2019(2019-0901-001).
文摘With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.
基金funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 328017493/GRK 2366 (International Research Training Group “Adaptation of maize-based foodfeed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources”)the China Agricultural University
文摘Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production,followed by different steps of phosphate utilization,including primary production,feed and food consumption,and conversion of biomass,with accumulation in soils,but little recycling and severe environmental losses.Phosphate is a limited essential nutrient,however,with very uneven distribution worldwide.Closing the cycle and reducing primary phosphate consumption are fundamental future challenges.Maize has a relatively high phosphate requirement.China and Germany together cover the whole range of maize production systems.The new Sino-German international research training group"Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources"(AMAIZE-P)was initiated in 2018 as a joint venture of the China Agricultural University(Beijing,China)and the University of Hohenheim(Stuttgart,Germany).The interdisciplinary and complementary research is driven by the hypothesis that under phosphate limited conditions,high productivity and high phosphate use efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by adapting phosphate cycling and availability(sources)to the multipurpose phosphate demands(sinks)in maizebased food-feed-energy systems.The educational program for doctoral researchers in China and Germany includes joint block seminars,thematic field trips,case studies,methodological courses,doctoral researchers’conferences,intercultural training sessions and personal training.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge Alison Good,Scotland,United Kingdom,for her helpful review of this manuscript.
文摘BACKGROUND Mass methanol poisonings are challenging,especially in regions with no preparedness,management guidelines and available antidotes.CASE SUMMARY Six Ukrainian patients were referred to our emergency department in Cairo,Egypt several hours after drinking an alcoholic beverage made of 70%-ethanol disinfectant bought from a local pharmacy.All patients presented with severe metabolic acidosis and visual impairments.Two were comatose.Management was based on the clinical features and chemistry tests due to deficient resources for methanol leveling.No antidote was administered due to fomepizole unavailability and the difficulties expected to obtain ethanol and safely administer it without concentration monitoring.One patient died from multiorgan failure,another developed blindness and the four other patients rapidly improved.CONCLUSION This methanol poisoning outbreak strongly highlights the lack of safety from hazardous pharmaceuticals sold in pharmacies and limitations due to the lack of diagnostic testing,antidote availability and staff training in countries with limited-resources such as Egypt.
文摘Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.
文摘Adequate sanitation, good hygiene, and safe water are fundamental to good health and socio-economic development. There is a close relationship between economic empowerment, livelihood factors and societal hygiene. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that each year there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera, with deaths between 21000 to 143000. Cholera transmission is closely linked to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Typical at-risk areas include peri-urban slums and camps for displaced persons or refugees. In April 2000, a large outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholera serotype Ogawa affected the Island of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. In Malawi, there were many cholera deaths among refugees, with a case fatality rate of 3.5%, 68% of which mostly occurred within 24 hours of hospital admission. About 10% of the Kenyan population (4.89 million) is living in the 30-combination high-priority sub-counties according to Kenya’s new 2022-2030 Cholera Elimination Plan. In 2005, cholera outbreak struck within the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya;418 people were treated, and 4 persons died. In this Desk Review Paper, we have explored the presentation in the following sub-themes: Introduction, where we talked about sanitation and matters of Migration and Health from the global scale down to Turkana County, Kenya where Kakuma Refugee Camp is located;the influence of health education among migrants and the local communities on cholera prevention and control;the status of sanitation facilities and their use in cholera prevention and control;how the respective health systems are prepared in terms of human resource on cholera prevention and control including tackling emergencies on displaced populations;existing policies and laws governing the socio-economic space of migrants and host communities in Africa and the world. We discovered the need for health stakeholders to respond and strive to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No. 1, 3, 6, 10 and WHO Triple Billion Targets and, in particular, prevent fecal-oral diseases among forced populations.
