Photosynthesis is a vital process that sustains life on Earth,and its energy transfer mechanism can be elucidated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),a process in which fluorescence donors and acceptors pr...Photosynthesis is a vital process that sustains life on Earth,and its energy transfer mechanism can be elucidated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),a process in which fluorescence donors and acceptors provide energy transfer through long-range dipole−dipole interactions.Constructing artificial lightharvesting systems(ALHSs)assists in the exploration and mimicry of natural light-harvesting systems(LHSs)and is expected to provide a potential solution to the energy crisis.Structures fabricated by the self-assembly of proteins provide ideal templates and skeletons for the construction of ALHSs,as they enable the orderly arrangement of chromophores and effectively prevent the aggregation-induced quenching effect of dyes.The programmability and designability of the proteins and their flexible assembly strategies allow for diverse and functionalized protein-based template construction,making them ideal template nanomaterials for constructing ALHSs.In this Account,dealing with the strategy and the structural diversity of protein self-assemblies,we will first introduce the driving forces and assembling strategies of protein self-assembly.Then,based on our long-term research on protein self-assemblies,we will summarize our work on the development and exploration of ALHSs constructed in our laboratory in recent years,using polymorphic protein-assembly structures as templates.We will discuss the specific effects of different protein templates on energy transfer.Finally,the challenges and proposed possible strategies for the design of future LHSs by integrating proteins with nanotechnology interface science are presented.Considering the highly codable and designable nature of proteins,as well as the definite and delicate structure of their assemblies on the nanoscale,we propose the strategy of“using protein assemblies as templates to construct ALHSs”.Protein template backbones can be constructed through both noncovalent(electrostatic,metal-chelation,host−vip interactions)and covalent interactions.Furthermore,the dynamic processes of protein assembly and disassembly are important,as we believe that flexible protein assembly and construction strategies can mimic the self-regulatory functions of the adaptive natural photosynthetic system.Based on the“energy funneling”step flow transfer mechanism,different dimensions of protein self-assembly show their specific characteristics in the construction of ALHSs.One-dimensional(1D)protein self-assemblies feature linearly arranged chromophore molecules with linear energy transfer,mimicking light-harvesting antennas.In comparison,two-dimensional(2D)protein backbones provide more multidirectional energy transfer paths for chromophores or pigment molecules,avoiding overall transfer interruption from individual position defects.We found that the diverse assembly strategies among proteins allow the assembly structure to be regulated by a stimulus-responsive mechanism.This mechanism can modulate the efficiency of energy transfer,which further controls the catalytic performance of the ALHS in model reactions.In summary,protein self-assemblies not only achieve stabilization and orderly arrangement of chromophores but can also control energy transfer by manipulating their degree of assembly.展开更多
Since the Industrial Revolution,the pursuit of lighting for humanity has gradually evolved into an out-of-control disaster of light pollution.Artificial light at night(ALAN)scatters the constituents of the atmosphere(...Since the Industrial Revolution,the pursuit of lighting for humanity has gradually evolved into an out-of-control disaster of light pollution.Artificial light at night(ALAN)scatters the constituents of the atmosphere(such as gas molecules,aerosols,and clouds),causing the artificial glow to brighten the night sky during observations.1 The unrestrained expansion of urban lighting systems and the unrestrained flashing of commercial neon lights have led to an annual increase of 6%in the brightness of the night sky.Around the city,people can no longer see the Milky Way with the naked eye.This kind of light pollution not only obscures the starry sky but also disrupts the circadian rhythm that has formed in the ecosystem of Earth over millions of years;every year,millions of birds lose their way due to the strong light in cities and crash into tall buildings.The foraging and breeding behaviors of nocturnal animals have been severely disrupted,and biodiversity continues to decline.Human health itself is also threatened.Excessive night light can inhibit the secretion of melatonin and increase the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Background Primary systemic light chain amyloidosis （AL） is a rare plasma cell disease,our purpose was to analyze the immunophenotypic characteristics of the plasma cells in bone marrow in AL patients,and explore wh...Background Primary systemic light chain amyloidosis （AL） is a rare plasma cell disease,our purpose was to analyze the immunophenotypic characteristics of the plasma cells in bone marrow in AL patients,and explore whether the detection of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow by flow cytometry （FCM） could be used as an important indicator of AL diagnosis.Methods Fresh bone marrow samples were collected from 51 AL,21 multiple myeloma （MM）,and 5 Waldenstr（o）m＇s macroglobulinemia （WM） patients.The immunophenotype of bone marrow cells were analyzed and compared by FCM using a panel of antibodies including CD45,CD38,CD138,CD117,CD56,and CD19.Results In AL,light chain restriction could be identified in 31 cases （60.9%）,in which the λ light chain restriction was found in 24 cases （77.4%）.In MM,κ light chain restriction was found in 13 cases （61.9%）,and λ light chain restriction in eight cases.CD45 on abnormal plasma cells was negative to weakly positive in both AL and MM,but was positive to strongly positive in WM.In the bone marrow plasma cells of the 51 AL,78.4% were CD56＋,68.6% were CD117＋,and 88.2% were CD19-.While in the 21 MM cases,66.7% were CD56＋,38.1% were CD117＋,and 90.4% were CD19-.The plasmacytoid lymphocytes in the five WM patients were CD19＋ and CD56-,CD117-.Conclusion Detection of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow by FCM is valuable for the diagnosis of AL.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0908500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22161142015,22201058 and 22275046).
文摘Photosynthesis is a vital process that sustains life on Earth,and its energy transfer mechanism can be elucidated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),a process in which fluorescence donors and acceptors provide energy transfer through long-range dipole−dipole interactions.Constructing artificial lightharvesting systems(ALHSs)assists in the exploration and mimicry of natural light-harvesting systems(LHSs)and is expected to provide a potential solution to the energy crisis.Structures fabricated by the self-assembly of proteins provide ideal templates and skeletons for the construction of ALHSs,as they enable the orderly arrangement of chromophores and effectively prevent the aggregation-induced quenching effect of dyes.The programmability and designability of the proteins and their flexible assembly strategies allow for diverse and functionalized protein-based template construction,making them ideal template nanomaterials for constructing ALHSs.In this Account,dealing with the strategy and the structural diversity of protein self-assemblies,we will first introduce the driving forces and assembling strategies of protein self-assembly.Then,based on our long-term research on protein self-assemblies,we will summarize our work on the development and exploration of ALHSs constructed in our laboratory in recent years,using polymorphic protein-assembly structures as templates.We will discuss the specific effects of different protein templates on energy transfer.Finally,the challenges and proposed possible strategies for the design of future LHSs by integrating proteins with nanotechnology interface science are presented.Considering the highly codable and designable nature of proteins,as well as the definite and delicate structure of their assemblies on the nanoscale,we propose the strategy of“using protein assemblies as templates to construct ALHSs”.Protein template backbones can be constructed through both noncovalent(electrostatic,metal-chelation,host−vip interactions)and covalent interactions.Furthermore,the dynamic processes of protein assembly and disassembly are important,as we believe that flexible protein assembly and construction strategies can mimic the self-regulatory functions of the adaptive natural photosynthetic system.Based on the“energy funneling”step flow transfer mechanism,different dimensions of protein self-assembly show their specific characteristics in the construction of ALHSs.One-dimensional(1D)protein self-assemblies feature linearly arranged chromophore molecules with linear energy transfer,mimicking light-harvesting antennas.In comparison,two-dimensional(2D)protein backbones provide more multidirectional energy transfer paths for chromophores or pigment molecules,avoiding overall transfer interruption from individual position defects.We found that the diverse assembly strategies among proteins allow the assembly structure to be regulated by a stimulus-responsive mechanism.This mechanism can modulate the efficiency of energy transfer,which further controls the catalytic performance of the ALHS in model reactions.In summary,protein self-assemblies not only achieve stabilization and orderly arrangement of chromophores but can also control energy transfer by manipulating their degree of assembly.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant XDB0550100by the Foundation of China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)under grants kpbwh-2023-3-03 and kpbwh-2024-2-08.
文摘Since the Industrial Revolution,the pursuit of lighting for humanity has gradually evolved into an out-of-control disaster of light pollution.Artificial light at night(ALAN)scatters the constituents of the atmosphere(such as gas molecules,aerosols,and clouds),causing the artificial glow to brighten the night sky during observations.1 The unrestrained expansion of urban lighting systems and the unrestrained flashing of commercial neon lights have led to an annual increase of 6%in the brightness of the night sky.Around the city,people can no longer see the Milky Way with the naked eye.This kind of light pollution not only obscures the starry sky but also disrupts the circadian rhythm that has formed in the ecosystem of Earth over millions of years;every year,millions of birds lose their way due to the strong light in cities and crash into tall buildings.The foraging and breeding behaviors of nocturnal animals have been severely disrupted,and biodiversity continues to decline.Human health itself is also threatened.Excessive night light can inhibit the secretion of melatonin and increase the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81370612） and the Youth Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81102211）.
文摘Background Primary systemic light chain amyloidosis （AL） is a rare plasma cell disease,our purpose was to analyze the immunophenotypic characteristics of the plasma cells in bone marrow in AL patients,and explore whether the detection of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow by flow cytometry （FCM） could be used as an important indicator of AL diagnosis.Methods Fresh bone marrow samples were collected from 51 AL,21 multiple myeloma （MM）,and 5 Waldenstr（o）m＇s macroglobulinemia （WM） patients.The immunophenotype of bone marrow cells were analyzed and compared by FCM using a panel of antibodies including CD45,CD38,CD138,CD117,CD56,and CD19.Results In AL,light chain restriction could be identified in 31 cases （60.9%）,in which the λ light chain restriction was found in 24 cases （77.4%）.In MM,κ light chain restriction was found in 13 cases （61.9%）,and λ light chain restriction in eight cases.CD45 on abnormal plasma cells was negative to weakly positive in both AL and MM,but was positive to strongly positive in WM.In the bone marrow plasma cells of the 51 AL,78.4% were CD56＋,68.6% were CD117＋,and 88.2% were CD19-.While in the 21 MM cases,66.7% were CD56＋,38.1% were CD117＋,and 90.4% were CD19-.The plasmacytoid lymphocytes in the five WM patients were CD19＋ and CD56-,CD117-.Conclusion Detection of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow by FCM is valuable for the diagnosis of AL.
