This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promo...This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.展开更多
In the lighting system of building electrical, if we can fully consider the optimization design, we can really improve the application value of the design scheme and enrich the content of the building electrical light...In the lighting system of building electrical, if we can fully consider the optimization design, we can really improve the application value of the design scheme and enrich the content of the building electrical lighting system when carrying out energy-saving design. Therefore, when implementing the energy-saving design of the building electrical lighting system, attention should be paid to the optimization design, the key design points should be clarified, and the formation process of the design scheme should be strictly controlled, so as to effectively improve the energy-saving design requirements of the building electrical lighting and realize the effective use of power quality. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly understand the necessity of energy-saving optimization design of electrical lighting so as not to affect the application effect of its design scheme.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper publi...The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.展开更多
The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Conseq...The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.展开更多
In order to reach the objective of intelligence and energy saving for university classroom lighting, energy saving lighting control system in university classroom based on wireless sensor network is designed, includin...In order to reach the objective of intelligence and energy saving for university classroom lighting, energy saving lighting control system in university classroom based on wireless sensor network is designed, including design of sensor node and sink, as well as corresponding development of control program and upper-computer software. The system sets single-chip Ameg16 as control center, realizes communication between nodes via nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, and realizes communication between sink and upper computer via w5100 wireless internet module. It perceives illumination intensity via photoconductor, detects the human body position via infrared pyroelectric sensor, and places the sensor node on the lamp, so the light can be controlled according to position of human body and current illumination intensity, which can realize energy saving to a large extent on condition that lighting requirement is satisfied. The system has low cost, and there is no need to change the original lighting circuit. The light can be turned off by hand, and when multi-media are used for the class, light can keep off even it is dim. In addition, this system has the function of automatic fault report, which is convenient for property maintenance.展开更多
A study was conducted in a grocery store simulation lab at a large Mid-Western university to measure consumer perceptions of meat package label design variations under different LED lighting conditions. A quasi-experi...A study was conducted in a grocery store simulation lab at a large Mid-Western university to measure consumer perceptions of meat package label design variations under different LED lighting conditions. A quasi-experimental approach using a multi-group between-within subjects’ post-test only design measured participants’ responses to the novel meat labels. Philip’s HUE consumer LED light bulbs were varied with different colors over beef steak package labels from 2700 K (RED) - 7000 K (BLUE). Goose neck lamps over the packages were used to create the display lighting simulations. The researchers determined that there was evidence of label and lighting interactions which influenced consumer perceptions of nutrition label information both between and within subject groups.展开更多
A new approach has been proposed to improve the performance of the in-telligent lighting system by estimating personal illuminance and desired color temperature at the workplace. We are considering the problem of usin...A new approach has been proposed to improve the performance of the in-telligent lighting system by estimating personal illuminance and desired color temperature at the workplace. We are considering the problem of using the sensing devices manually for the intelligent lighting system. The lighting control system has not become useful without sensing devices to measure the provided illuminance and color temperature. In this paper, we have used the property of light for the color temperature to estimate the level of color temperature for each user at the workplace. The new method will give personal illuminance for each user at the workplace and decrease the power consumption of the environment as well. As a result, the proposed method of the intelligent lighting system has realized the target of illuminance and color temperature for each user at the workplace by adapting dimming levels using illuminance sensing information for each user. Thus, the energy of the workplace has reduced by using a distributed luminance to realize the target for each user.展开更多
The light propagation medium determines the way in which the light is perceived by the observer’s eye.As water is a good transmitter and diffuser,when designing an underwater lighting system there are features in add...The light propagation medium determines the way in which the light is perceived by the observer’s eye.As water is a good transmitter and diffuser,when designing an underwater lighting system there are features in addition to be analyzed,which complement the common considerations for usual artificial lighting systems.The paper aims to present in detail a luminaire calculation method for 4 different types of pools with clear and transparent water(three recreational swimming pools of same size and depth,situated in interior and exterior and one small training interior swimming pool having the size of a quarter of professional competition type).There is a proposed formula for determining the number of floodlights,depending on water surface,immersion depth,average illumination on surface,uniformity,luminous flux of the light source and a water light distribution coefficient.There are highlighted specific variable parameters to be taken into account to meet the visual requirements mentioned in regulations.Depending on the application,visual comfort can be easily disturbed by the changing criteria of ambiance or surroundings,thus diminishing the visual performance.展开更多
Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific res...Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific research predicts that energy consumption for street lighting will increase in the coming years due to growing demand and rising electricity prices.The dimming strategy is a current trend and a key concept in smart street lighting systems.It involves turning on the road lights only when a vehicle or pedestrian is detected;otherwise,the control system reduces the light intensity of the lamps.Power control is generally implemented using artificial intelligence algorithms such as fuzzy logic,artificial neural networks,or swarm intelligence to manage different events.In our project,the dimming strategy was utilized to reduce costs and energy consumption by at least 48%.This research proposes a standalone photovoltaic plant(SPP)to power a smart street lighting system,which can replace individual solar street lights in a small neighborhood in southwestern Algeria.This design offers advantages such as lower costs and the option to add additional loads a DC pump,a domestic power supply,or technical services to operate the photovoltaic system during the day after charging the storage batteries,especially when there is monthly energy surplus.The energy surplus analyzed in our project ranges from 804 W in January to 4 kW in June,generated by the entire PV installation.To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this system,we studied the implementation of the standalone photovoltaic plant,energymanagement,and economic analysis using the Particle SwarmOptimization technique under MATLAB software.展开更多
The lighting system accounts for 8%of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings in the United States and 12%of the total electricity consumption in public buildings globally.This consumption share can ...The lighting system accounts for 8%of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings in the United States and 12%of the total electricity consumption in public buildings globally.This consumption share can be effectively reduced using the demand-response control.The traditional lighting system control method commonly depends on the real-time occupancy data collected using the passive infrared(PIR)sensor.However,the detection inaccuracy of the PIR sensor usually results in false-offs.To diminish the false-error frequency,the existing lighting system control simply deploys a delayed reaction period(e.g.,5 to 20 min),which is not sufficiently accurate for the demand-response operation.Therefore,in this research,a novel data-driven model predictive control(MPC)method that is based on the temporal sequential-based artificial neural network(TS-ANN)is proposed to overcome this challenge using an updated historical occupancy status.Using an office as case study,the proposed model is also compared with the traditional lighting system control method.In the proposed model,the occupancy data was trained to predict the occupancy pattern to improve the control.It was found that the occupancy prediction mainly correlates with the historical occupancy ratio and the time sequential feature.The simulation results indicated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy(97.4%)and fewer false-offs(from 79.5 with traditional time delay method to 0.6 times per day)are achieved by the MPC model.The proposed TS-ANN-MPC method integrates the analysis of the occupant behavior routine into on-site control and has the potential to further enhance the control performance practice for maximum energy conservation.展开更多
With the global promotion of LED lighting products, the health and safety of LED products has drawn wider attention. This paper systematically introduces the ergonomic evaluation （methods and indicators） svstem for ...With the global promotion of LED lighting products, the health and safety of LED products has drawn wider attention. This paper systematically introduces the ergonomic evaluation （methods and indicators） svstem for heahh and comfort which differs from the traditional manpowered physical detection, and sketches out the evaluation indicators and its industrialization prospect.展开更多
A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cuttin...A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.展开更多
Due to the changeable brightness outside the tunnel,the lighting brightness at the exit and entrance of the tunnel needs to be adjusted in time,so as to ensure that the driver can feel the difference of light intensit...Due to the changeable brightness outside the tunnel,the lighting brightness at the exit and entrance of the tunnel needs to be adjusted in time,so as to ensure that the driver can feel the difference of light intensity within the range that the human eye can adapt to when passing through the tunnel.In this paper,a tunnel lighting control strategy based on variable reduction factor is proposed,which can ensure that the lighting around the tunnel is within the range that the human eye can adapt to at any time.Through the field data collection and comparison and experiments,it can be shown that the lighting control method not only can improve the lighting quality in the tunnel,but also have better energy-saving effect and can reduce the cost of manual operation and maintenance.展开更多
A dual input LED lighting scheme with constant illumination is proposed in this paper. The scheme employs a photovoltaic array as the first input and a battery as the second one. A microcontroller is programmed to ope...A dual input LED lighting scheme with constant illumination is proposed in this paper. The scheme employs a photovoltaic array as the first input and a battery as the second one. A microcontroller is programmed to operate a changeover switch as well as a DC-DC converter for uninterrupted and constant illumina- tion in work place. The scheme is suitable for conference halls, laboratories, clean rooms, marriage halls, theaters, etc. The complete modeling, design and experimentation of the proposed scheme are explained and the economic viability of the scheme is justified.展开更多
Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to un...Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to understand their relative impacts on human health and performance. It is found important to have a starting point in healing architecture and create an environment with knowledge of users sensory and functionally needs and looks at how hospital wards can support patients’ experience or maybe even have a positive influence on the recovery process. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to evaluate the impact of light on the quality of healthcare services was conducted. Several databases were systematically searched and evaluated. Results: Majority of the studies showed that distributions of light within a space in hospitals could substantially influence the health as well as perception of people within it. The study showed that in a multi-function and diverse habitant environment such as hospital treatment rooms, lighting system design plays a major role for comfort of the patients, the critical visual requirements for hospital staff, the comfort and visual need of the visitors. In addition to these goals, energy cost savings through the careful design of lighting schemes used in such applications. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that shows the technical, architectural and energy aspects of providing optimal lighting conditions in different areas of a healthcare facility are important for patient, staff and energy conservation and cost within the hospitals.展开更多
This paper presents some human-inspired strategies for lighting control in a robot system for best scene interpretation,where the main intention is to avoid possible glares or highlights occurring in images. It firstl...This paper presents some human-inspired strategies for lighting control in a robot system for best scene interpretation,where the main intention is to avoid possible glares or highlights occurring in images. It firstly compares the characteristics of human eyes and robot eyes. Then some evaluation criteria are addressed to assess the lighting conditions. A bio-inspired method is adopted to avoid the visual glare which is caused by either direct illumination from large light sources or indirect illumination reflected by smooth surfaces. Appropriate methods are proposed to optimize the pose and optical parameters of the light source and the vision camera.展开更多
The adoption of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)for lighting applications is becoming increasingly relevant as this recent technology is advancing.Given the recent uptake of LED lighting technologies for distinctive end-us...The adoption of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)for lighting applications is becoming increasingly relevant as this recent technology is advancing.Given the recent uptake of LED lighting technologies for distinctive end-uses,the research community has also committed to the development of an ever-increasing range of power electronic converters that are suitable for yielding maximum quality lighting,high efficiency,and long lifetimes.As one of the most recent and promising technologies of the moment,it is vital to fully understand the performance and merits of each state-of-the-art LED lighting technology.Accordingly,this paper compiles essential information about a broad range of state-of-the-art LED lighting systems,aiming to compare their performances in terms of efficiency.Based on the comparative analysis,the main merits and drawbacks of each LED lighting system architecture are obtained.Then,a detailed evaluation of the performance of a particular LED lighting system and the corresponding control strategy is developed,thereby enabling a clear view of the evolution of the performance of the system as a function of parameters like supply voltage and number of driver channels.展开更多
The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles ov...The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles over time. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically switches off the light for the parts of the streets having no vehicles and turns on the light for these parts once there are some vehicles that are going to come. Logically, this system may save a large amount of the electrical power. In addition, it may increase the lifetime of the lamps and reduce the pollutions. This system automatically controls and monitors the light of the streets. It can light only the parts that have vehicles and help on the maintenance of the lighting equipments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) make it possible to propose such system. VANET enables the possibility to know the presence of vehicles, their locations, their directions and their speeds in real time. These quantities are what are needed to develop this system. An advantage of using VANET is that there is no need to use specific network and equipments to design the system, but VANET infrastructure will be used. This decreases the cost and speed up the deployment of such system. This paper focuses on the proposal of different possible architectures of this system. Results show that the saved energy may reach up to 65% and an increase of the lifetime of the lamps of 53%.展开更多
Currently, daylighting ducts system is widely used as a daylighting device. Generally, daylighting duct system efficiently takes light from outside during the day, and conveys daylight to required location through lig...Currently, daylighting ducts system is widely used as a daylighting device. Generally, daylighting duct system efficiently takes light from outside during the day, and conveys daylight to required location through light duct manufactured by high reflectance mirror. Daylighting duct system can convey daylight to underground space that has no windows opening to external space. Daylighting system is composed of light collection part, light guide part and light emission part. Efficiency of daylighting system is depending on type of each part used in the system. However, it is very difficult to estimate exact light flow in the system considering type of the parts. Authors performed measurement experiments to make clear the light flow with real-size model and miniature model of daylighting duct system. We discussed effect of type of the parts on efficiency of daylighting duct system.展开更多
In this study, “homeostasis”, the function by which living things keep their constancy, was emulated as a lighting control for a building space. The algorithm we developed mimics the mechanisms of the endocrine and ...In this study, “homeostasis”, the function by which living things keep their constancy, was emulated as a lighting control for a building space. The algorithm we developed mimics the mechanisms of the endocrine and immune systems. The endocrine system transmits information entirely, whereas the immune system transmits information with a concentration gradient. A lighting control system using the proposed algorithm was evaluated in a simulation and experiment using a sensor agent robot. In this algorithm, a robot recognizes a person’s behavior and uses it to decide his or her preference as to the illuminance. The results indicate that the algorithm can be used to realize a comfortable lighting control in several situations.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.
文摘In the lighting system of building electrical, if we can fully consider the optimization design, we can really improve the application value of the design scheme and enrich the content of the building electrical lighting system when carrying out energy-saving design. Therefore, when implementing the energy-saving design of the building electrical lighting system, attention should be paid to the optimization design, the key design points should be clarified, and the formation process of the design scheme should be strictly controlled, so as to effectively improve the energy-saving design requirements of the building electrical lighting and realize the effective use of power quality. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly understand the necessity of energy-saving optimization design of electrical lighting so as not to affect the application effect of its design scheme.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.
文摘The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.
文摘In order to reach the objective of intelligence and energy saving for university classroom lighting, energy saving lighting control system in university classroom based on wireless sensor network is designed, including design of sensor node and sink, as well as corresponding development of control program and upper-computer software. The system sets single-chip Ameg16 as control center, realizes communication between nodes via nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, and realizes communication between sink and upper computer via w5100 wireless internet module. It perceives illumination intensity via photoconductor, detects the human body position via infrared pyroelectric sensor, and places the sensor node on the lamp, so the light can be controlled according to position of human body and current illumination intensity, which can realize energy saving to a large extent on condition that lighting requirement is satisfied. The system has low cost, and there is no need to change the original lighting circuit. The light can be turned off by hand, and when multi-media are used for the class, light can keep off even it is dim. In addition, this system has the function of automatic fault report, which is convenient for property maintenance.
文摘A study was conducted in a grocery store simulation lab at a large Mid-Western university to measure consumer perceptions of meat package label design variations under different LED lighting conditions. A quasi-experimental approach using a multi-group between-within subjects’ post-test only design measured participants’ responses to the novel meat labels. Philip’s HUE consumer LED light bulbs were varied with different colors over beef steak package labels from 2700 K (RED) - 7000 K (BLUE). Goose neck lamps over the packages were used to create the display lighting simulations. The researchers determined that there was evidence of label and lighting interactions which influenced consumer perceptions of nutrition label information both between and within subject groups.
文摘A new approach has been proposed to improve the performance of the in-telligent lighting system by estimating personal illuminance and desired color temperature at the workplace. We are considering the problem of using the sensing devices manually for the intelligent lighting system. The lighting control system has not become useful without sensing devices to measure the provided illuminance and color temperature. In this paper, we have used the property of light for the color temperature to estimate the level of color temperature for each user at the workplace. The new method will give personal illuminance for each user at the workplace and decrease the power consumption of the environment as well. As a result, the proposed method of the intelligent lighting system has realized the target of illuminance and color temperature for each user at the workplace by adapting dimming levels using illuminance sensing information for each user. Thus, the energy of the workplace has reduced by using a distributed luminance to realize the target for each user.
文摘The light propagation medium determines the way in which the light is perceived by the observer’s eye.As water is a good transmitter and diffuser,when designing an underwater lighting system there are features in addition to be analyzed,which complement the common considerations for usual artificial lighting systems.The paper aims to present in detail a luminaire calculation method for 4 different types of pools with clear and transparent water(three recreational swimming pools of same size and depth,situated in interior and exterior and one small training interior swimming pool having the size of a quarter of professional competition type).There is a proposed formula for determining the number of floodlights,depending on water surface,immersion depth,average illumination on surface,uniformity,luminous flux of the light source and a water light distribution coefficient.There are highlighted specific variable parameters to be taken into account to meet the visual requirements mentioned in regulations.Depending on the application,visual comfort can be easily disturbed by the changing criteria of ambiance or surroundings,thus diminishing the visual performance.
文摘Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific research predicts that energy consumption for street lighting will increase in the coming years due to growing demand and rising electricity prices.The dimming strategy is a current trend and a key concept in smart street lighting systems.It involves turning on the road lights only when a vehicle or pedestrian is detected;otherwise,the control system reduces the light intensity of the lamps.Power control is generally implemented using artificial intelligence algorithms such as fuzzy logic,artificial neural networks,or swarm intelligence to manage different events.In our project,the dimming strategy was utilized to reduce costs and energy consumption by at least 48%.This research proposes a standalone photovoltaic plant(SPP)to power a smart street lighting system,which can replace individual solar street lights in a small neighborhood in southwestern Algeria.This design offers advantages such as lower costs and the option to add additional loads a DC pump,a domestic power supply,or technical services to operate the photovoltaic system during the day after charging the storage batteries,especially when there is monthly energy surplus.The energy surplus analyzed in our project ranges from 804 W in January to 4 kW in June,generated by the entire PV installation.To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this system,we studied the implementation of the standalone photovoltaic plant,energymanagement,and economic analysis using the Particle SwarmOptimization technique under MATLAB software.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778321):Research on the quantitative description and simulation methodology of occupant behavior in buildingsthe Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51521005)also the Tsinghua University tutor research fund.
文摘The lighting system accounts for 8%of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings in the United States and 12%of the total electricity consumption in public buildings globally.This consumption share can be effectively reduced using the demand-response control.The traditional lighting system control method commonly depends on the real-time occupancy data collected using the passive infrared(PIR)sensor.However,the detection inaccuracy of the PIR sensor usually results in false-offs.To diminish the false-error frequency,the existing lighting system control simply deploys a delayed reaction period(e.g.,5 to 20 min),which is not sufficiently accurate for the demand-response operation.Therefore,in this research,a novel data-driven model predictive control(MPC)method that is based on the temporal sequential-based artificial neural network(TS-ANN)is proposed to overcome this challenge using an updated historical occupancy status.Using an office as case study,the proposed model is also compared with the traditional lighting system control method.In the proposed model,the occupancy data was trained to predict the occupancy pattern to improve the control.It was found that the occupancy prediction mainly correlates with the historical occupancy ratio and the time sequential feature.The simulation results indicated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy(97.4%)and fewer false-offs(from 79.5 with traditional time delay method to 0.6 times per day)are achieved by the MPC model.The proposed TS-ANN-MPC method integrates the analysis of the occupant behavior routine into on-site control and has the potential to further enhance the control performance practice for maximum energy conservation.
文摘With the global promotion of LED lighting products, the health and safety of LED products has drawn wider attention. This paper systematically introduces the ergonomic evaluation （methods and indicators） svstem for heahh and comfort which differs from the traditional manpowered physical detection, and sketches out the evaluation indicators and its industrialization prospect.
文摘A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61802247)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62076160)the Shanghai Graduate Innovation Fund(No.B1-0225-20-011-19)
文摘Due to the changeable brightness outside the tunnel,the lighting brightness at the exit and entrance of the tunnel needs to be adjusted in time,so as to ensure that the driver can feel the difference of light intensity within the range that the human eye can adapt to when passing through the tunnel.In this paper,a tunnel lighting control strategy based on variable reduction factor is proposed,which can ensure that the lighting around the tunnel is within the range that the human eye can adapt to at any time.Through the field data collection and comparison and experiments,it can be shown that the lighting control method not only can improve the lighting quality in the tunnel,but also have better energy-saving effect and can reduce the cost of manual operation and maintenance.
文摘A dual input LED lighting scheme with constant illumination is proposed in this paper. The scheme employs a photovoltaic array as the first input and a battery as the second one. A microcontroller is programmed to operate a changeover switch as well as a DC-DC converter for uninterrupted and constant illumina- tion in work place. The scheme is suitable for conference halls, laboratories, clean rooms, marriage halls, theaters, etc. The complete modeling, design and experimentation of the proposed scheme are explained and the economic viability of the scheme is justified.
文摘Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to understand their relative impacts on human health and performance. It is found important to have a starting point in healing architecture and create an environment with knowledge of users sensory and functionally needs and looks at how hospital wards can support patients’ experience or maybe even have a positive influence on the recovery process. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to evaluate the impact of light on the quality of healthcare services was conducted. Several databases were systematically searched and evaluated. Results: Majority of the studies showed that distributions of light within a space in hospitals could substantially influence the health as well as perception of people within it. The study showed that in a multi-function and diverse habitant environment such as hospital treatment rooms, lighting system design plays a major role for comfort of the patients, the critical visual requirements for hospital staff, the comfort and visual need of the visitors. In addition to these goals, energy cost savings through the careful design of lighting schemes used in such applications. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that shows the technical, architectural and energy aspects of providing optimal lighting conditions in different areas of a healthcare facility are important for patient, staff and energy conservation and cost within the hospitals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Microsoft Research Asia ( No.NSFC-61173096 No.61103140),NCET+3 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province ( No.R1110679 No.2010R10006 No.2010C33095 No.Y1090592)
文摘This paper presents some human-inspired strategies for lighting control in a robot system for best scene interpretation,where the main intention is to avoid possible glares or highlights occurring in images. It firstly compares the characteristics of human eyes and robot eyes. Then some evaluation criteria are addressed to assess the lighting conditions. A bio-inspired method is adopted to avoid the visual glare which is caused by either direct illumination from large light sources or indirect illumination reflected by smooth surfaces. Appropriate methods are proposed to optimize the pose and optical parameters of the light source and the vision camera.
基金Supported by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization(COMPETE 2020),under project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494by National Funds through the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,under projects PTDC/EEI-EEE/29494/2017,UIDB/04131/2020,UIDP/04131/2020,and SFRH/BD/131002/2017.
文摘The adoption of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)for lighting applications is becoming increasingly relevant as this recent technology is advancing.Given the recent uptake of LED lighting technologies for distinctive end-uses,the research community has also committed to the development of an ever-increasing range of power electronic converters that are suitable for yielding maximum quality lighting,high efficiency,and long lifetimes.As one of the most recent and promising technologies of the moment,it is vital to fully understand the performance and merits of each state-of-the-art LED lighting technology.Accordingly,this paper compiles essential information about a broad range of state-of-the-art LED lighting systems,aiming to compare their performances in terms of efficiency.Based on the comparative analysis,the main merits and drawbacks of each LED lighting system architecture are obtained.Then,a detailed evaluation of the performance of a particular LED lighting system and the corresponding control strategy is developed,thereby enabling a clear view of the evolution of the performance of the system as a function of parameters like supply voltage and number of driver channels.
文摘The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles over time. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically switches off the light for the parts of the streets having no vehicles and turns on the light for these parts once there are some vehicles that are going to come. Logically, this system may save a large amount of the electrical power. In addition, it may increase the lifetime of the lamps and reduce the pollutions. This system automatically controls and monitors the light of the streets. It can light only the parts that have vehicles and help on the maintenance of the lighting equipments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) make it possible to propose such system. VANET enables the possibility to know the presence of vehicles, their locations, their directions and their speeds in real time. These quantities are what are needed to develop this system. An advantage of using VANET is that there is no need to use specific network and equipments to design the system, but VANET infrastructure will be used. This decreases the cost and speed up the deployment of such system. This paper focuses on the proposal of different possible architectures of this system. Results show that the saved energy may reach up to 65% and an increase of the lifetime of the lamps of 53%.
文摘Currently, daylighting ducts system is widely used as a daylighting device. Generally, daylighting duct system efficiently takes light from outside during the day, and conveys daylight to required location through light duct manufactured by high reflectance mirror. Daylighting duct system can convey daylight to underground space that has no windows opening to external space. Daylighting system is composed of light collection part, light guide part and light emission part. Efficiency of daylighting system is depending on type of each part used in the system. However, it is very difficult to estimate exact light flow in the system considering type of the parts. Authors performed measurement experiments to make clear the light flow with real-size model and miniature model of daylighting duct system. We discussed effect of type of the parts on efficiency of daylighting duct system.
文摘In this study, “homeostasis”, the function by which living things keep their constancy, was emulated as a lighting control for a building space. The algorithm we developed mimics the mechanisms of the endocrine and immune systems. The endocrine system transmits information entirely, whereas the immune system transmits information with a concentration gradient. A lighting control system using the proposed algorithm was evaluated in a simulation and experiment using a sensor agent robot. In this algorithm, a robot recognizes a person’s behavior and uses it to decide his or her preference as to the illuminance. The results indicate that the algorithm can be used to realize a comfortable lighting control in several situations.
