Light-induced conical intersections(LICIs)present a distinctive mechanism for nonadiabatic coupling,thereby facilitating ultrafast chemical reactions,including the indirect photodissociation of diatomic molecules.In c...Light-induced conical intersections(LICIs)present a distinctive mechanism for nonadiabatic coupling,thereby facilitating ultrafast chemical reactions,including the indirect photodissociation of diatomic molecules.In contrast to static conical intersections,LICIs are dynamically tunable,providing a pathway for precise control of molecular dissociation.In this study,we employ the time-dependent quantum wave packet method to investigate the dissociation dynamics of the OH molecule,focusing on its ground state X^(2)Πand repulsive state 1^(2)Σ~-.By varying laser field parameters(intensity,full width at half maximum(FWHM),and wavelength),we elucidate how nonadiabatic coupling governs selective dissociation channel control.Our findings reveal that the choice of initial vibrational states and the tailoring of laser conditions significantly influence dissociation pathways,providing theoretical insights into manipulating molecular dynamics via LICIs.These results provide a foundation for future experimental studies and the development of advanced molecular control techniques.展开更多
Wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskites,particularly CsPbIBr_(2),hold great promise for multi-junction solar cells due to their well-matched bandgap and all-inorganic material system.However,their inherent susceptibilit...Wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskites,particularly CsPbIBr_(2),hold great promise for multi-junction solar cells due to their well-matched bandgap and all-inorganic material system.However,their inherent susceptibility to light-induced phase segregation(LIPS)limits efficiency and stability.In this work,we investigate the effect of three organic additives-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione(CPD),maleimide(HPD),and 3,4-dibromo-1H-pyrrole-2,5(2H,5H)-dione(BrPD)-on LIPS in wide-bandgap CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite films.The additives form various chemical interactions,including coordination bonds,hydrogen bonds,and ionic bonds,with I^(-)and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)ions,among which BrPD has the strongest interaction.This interaction regulates crystallization and improves film morphology.The BrPD-modified films have the largest grain size and the highest light stability,suppressing LIPS,enhancing carrier transfer,and improving device performance.BrPD-modified CsPbIBr_(2)-based solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 11.34%,outperforming the control(8.96%)and other additives.Moreover,BrPDmodified devices show excellent stability,retaining 94%of their initial PCE after 60 min of continuous light exposure.This work highlights the potential of strategically selected organic additives to enhance the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells,offering valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency and long-lasting perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a t...The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a two-body system. Two cases are considered： （i） Starting from a ground state the evolution is induced by a sudden change of the laser field, and （ii） the evolution starting from a superposition state. Oscillating persistent spin-currents have been found. A set of formulae have been derived to describe the period and amplitude of the oscillation. Based on these formulae the oscillation can be well controlled via adjusting the parameters of the laser beams. In particular, it is predicted that movable stripes might emerge on the ring.展开更多
Low-density short-duration pulsed current-assisted aging treatment was applied to the Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.5Zr alloy subjected to different solution treatments.The results show that numerous α_(p) phases redissolve into...Low-density short-duration pulsed current-assisted aging treatment was applied to the Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.5Zr alloy subjected to different solution treatments.The results show that numerous α_(p) phases redissolve into the new β phase during the pulsed current-assisted aging process,and then the newly formed β phase is mainly transformed into the β_(t) phase,with occasional transition to new α_(p) phase,leading to a remarkable grain refinement,especially for the lamellarαs phases.In comparison to conventional aging treatment,the pulsed current-assisted aging approach achieves a significant enhancement in strength without degrading ductility,yielding an excellent mechanical property combination:a yield strength of 932 MPa,a tensile strength of 1042 MPa,and an elongation of 12.2%.It is primarily ascribed to the increased fraction of β_(t) phases,the obvious grain refinement effect,and the slip block effect induced by the multiple-variantαs colonies distributed within β_(t) phases.展开更多
Light induced changes in a-Si∶H films are investigated by transient photoconductivity.The transient photoconductivity decay data can neither be fit well by common power-law for transient photocurrent in amorphous sem...Light induced changes in a-Si∶H films are investigated by transient photoconductivity.The transient photoconductivity decay data can neither be fit well by common power-law for transient photocurrent in amorphous semiconductors,nor by stretched exponential rule for transient decay from the steady state in photoconductivity.Instead,the data are fit fairly well with a sum of two exponential functions.The results show that the long time decay is governed by deep traps rather than band tail states,and two different traps locating separately at 0.52 and 0.59eV below E _c are responsible for the two exponential functions.They are designated as negatively charged dangling bond D - centers.The light-induced changes in photoconductivity are attributed mainly to the decrease in electron lifetime caused by the increase of recombination centers after light soaking.展开更多
We found an ultraviolet （UV）-light induced formation of biphenyl and sodium benzoate from benzene and sodium carbonate. The reaction happens in the interface of benzene and aqueous solution at the room temperature. ...We found an ultraviolet （UV）-light induced formation of biphenyl and sodium benzoate from benzene and sodium carbonate. The reaction happens in the interface of benzene and aqueous solution at the room temperature. After 5 h of UV-light exposure, 11.4% of initial amount of 4.4 g （5.0 mL） benzene are converted to biphenyl and sodium benzoate, which are distributed in benzene and aqueous solution, respectively. Using density function theory （DFT） and time dependent DFT, we have investigated the mechanism of this light-induced reaction, and found that the sodium carbonate is not only a reactant for the formation of sodium benzoate, but also a catalyst for the formation of biphenyl.展开更多
To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis （LDEP）, a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field （APF） for micro light pattern movements is pr...To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis （LDEP）, a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field （APF） for micro light pattern movements is proposed. An algorithm combining guided target and point obstacle based on a new local minimum judging criterion is specially designed, which can solve the local minimum problems encountered by the traditional APF. Experiments of real-time particle manipulation based on this algorithm are implemented and the experimental results show that the proposed approach can overcome the local minimum problems of the traditional APF method, and it is validated to be highly stable for intensive particle obstacles during LDEP manipulation. Consequently, this method can realize real-time manipulation of micro-nano particles with safety, decrease the difficulty of manual manipulation, and thus improve the efficiency of manipulation of micro-particles.展开更多
This paper presents dark oscillations of light-indhced absorption in heavy reduced Co: KNSBN crystal, points out there are double carriers and multiple traps in the crystal and explains the experimental results with t...This paper presents dark oscillations of light-indhced absorption in heavy reduced Co: KNSBN crystal, points out there are double carriers and multiple traps in the crystal and explains the experimental results with the newly established model of double carriers and multiple traps.展开更多
A visible-light induced metal-free approach was described for the hydroxyalkylation of 2 Hbenzothiazoles with alcohols by using selectfluor as the oxidant.A variety of 2 H-benzothiazoles and alcohols could be tolerate...A visible-light induced metal-free approach was described for the hydroxyalkylation of 2 Hbenzothiazoles with alcohols by using selectfluor as the oxidant.A variety of 2 H-benzothiazoles and alcohols could be tolerated,providing a mild and simple method for the synthesis of C2-hydroxyalkylated2 H-benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields.Besides,ethers were also compatible in this reaction,leading to corresponding C2 ether-substituted 2 H-benzothiazoles with high regioselectivity.展开更多
The phenomena of acoustic emission in LiNbO3：Fe：Ce crystals have been observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultra-high frequency acoustic signal introduced into the crystal i...The phenomena of acoustic emission in LiNbO3：Fe：Ce crystals have been observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultra-high frequency acoustic signal introduced into the crystal is modulated by the low frequency acoustic waves. Its frequency increases with the increase of the intensity of incident light and its jump period of breakdown is the same as that of the photovoltaic current Ic, the change of light-induced refractive index △n and the diffracted light intensity L. This phenomenon has been analysed in this paper, which is caused by the inverse piezoelectric strain effect of the jump of space charge field during the quasi-breakdown.展开更多
The present paper covers the lipid-free rhodium tetrasulfonato-phthalocyanine (RhTSPc) films prepared on p-Si(111) by using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Their surface photovoltage spectra were measured. It was found t...The present paper covers the lipid-free rhodium tetrasulfonato-phthalocyanine (RhTSPc) films prepared on p-Si(111) by using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Their surface photovoltage spectra were measured. It was found that there is a strong interaction at the interface between the RhTSPc film and p-Si (111) and that the surface photovoltaic effect of the film system is maximum when only one monolayer of RhTSPc molecules coats p-Si(111), which is similar to that of CuTSPc films on p-Si(111) reported previously. These results confirm that only the monolayer of dye molecules being adjacent to the semiconductor surface plays a key role in the light-induced interfacial charge transfer process.展开更多
The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow ...The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow controller(CFC)are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and flexibly.However,since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches(e.g.,insulated gate bipolar transistor,integrated gate commutated thyristor,etc.),their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power losses.To solve these problems,integrated equipment with both current flow control and fault isolation abilities is proposed,which shares the expensive and duplicated components of CFCs and DCCBs among adjacent lines.In addition,the complicated coordination control of CFCs and DCCBs can be avoided by adopting the integrated equipment in themultiterminal DC grid.In order to examine the current flow control and fault isolation abilities of the integrated equipment,the simulation model of a specific meshed four-terminal DC grid is constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Finally,the comparison between the integrated equipment and the separate solution is presented a specific result or conclusion needs to be added to the abstract.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the involvement of pericyte-Müller glia interaction in retinal damage repair and assess the influence of suppressing the platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ(PDGFRβ)signaling pathway in r...AIM:To investigate the involvement of pericyte-Müller glia interaction in retinal damage repair and assess the influence of suppressing the platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ(PDGFRβ)signaling pathway in retinal pericytes on photoreceptor loss and Müller glial response.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense light to induce retinal injury.Neutralizing antibody against PDGFRβwere deployed to block the signaling pathway in retinal pericytes through intravitreal injection.Retinal histology and Müller glial reaction were assessed following light injury.In vitro,normal and PDGFRβ-blocked retinal pericytes were cocultured with Müller cell line(rMC-1)to examine morphological and protein expression changes upon supplementation with light-injured supernatants of homogenized retinas(SHRs).RESULTS:PDGFRβblockage 24h prior to intense light exposure resulted in a significant exacerbation of photoreceptor loss.The upregulation of GFAP and p-STAT3,observed after intense light exposure,was significantly inhibited in the PDGFRβblockage group.Fur ther upregulation of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)was also observed following PDGFRβinhibition.In the in vitro coculture system,the addition of light-injured SHRs induced pericyte deformation and upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression,while Müller cells exhibited neuron-like morphology and expressed Nestin.However,PDGFRβblockage in retinal pericytes abolished these cellular responses to light-induced damage,consistent with the in vivo PDGFRβblockage findings.CONCLUSION:Pericyte-Müller glia interaction plays a potential role in the endogenous repair process of retinal injury.Impairment of this interaction exacerbates photoreceptor degeneration in light-induced retinal injury.展开更多
Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy. Objective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Met...Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy. Objective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Methods: Experiment No. 1. Early demineralized lesions in the upper and lower incisors and canines were visually inspected by three dentists and by QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with early demineralized lesions were compared between the methods. Experiment No. 2. Approximal demineralized lesions in molars were assessed by visual inspection, x-ray imaging, and QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with demineralized lesions were compared among the methods. Experiment No. 3. Plaque distribution was evaluated by QLF-D and a traditional staining method. The ratio of the diameter of plaque to tooth crown in the tooth axis direction in each method was calculated. The results were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Experiment No. 1. The three dentists found 0.67 tooth planes on average. QLF-D found 22 tooth planes with early demineralized lesions in the same samples. Experiment No. 2. Fourteen approximal tooth planes of molars were found to have demineralized lesions by x-ray imaging. QLF-D detected 71.4% of the tooth planes out of the 14, whereas visual inspection found 7.1%. Experiment No. 3. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the evaluations of plaque distribution between the QLF-D and traditional staining methods was 0.77 (P Conclusion: The results support introduction of QLF-D for use in school dental examinations.展开更多
As erosion has become one of the serious oral health problems, some fluoride-releasing dental materials have been developed to protect enamel from demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antide...As erosion has become one of the serious oral health problems, some fluoride-releasing dental materials have been developed to protect enamel from demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidemineralization effect of PRG Barrier Coat<sup>®</sup> and FujiVII<sup>®</sup> (fluoride-releasing dental materials). Four square windows measuring 1 mm<sup>2</sup> were prepared on the labial enamel surface of each bovine tooth using masking tape and nail varnish. The first and second windows were half covered by fluoride-releasing material and control material, respectively, whereas the third and fourth windows were left untreated. All windows were immersed into 0.1 M lactic acid and 6wt% CM-cellulose (pH 4.5) at 38℃ for 21 days. Subsequently, the first and second windows were covered with nail varnish after removal of the materials, and the third and fourth windows were immersed into ultrapure water at 38℃ for 28 days after being half covered with fluoride-releasing and control materials, respectively. The following procedure was performed separately during evaluations of the fluoride-releasing materials, PRG Barrier Coat, and FujiVII<sup>®</sup>, using eight and six bovine teeth, respectively. The first, second, third, and fourth windows were classified into DM-PRG;Demineralized-PRG or DM-FujiVII;Demineralized-FujiVII, DM-TCM;Demineralized-traditional cement or DM-TGIC;De-mineralized-traditional glass ionomer cement, RM-PRG;Remineralized-PRG or RM-FujiVII;Re-mineralized-FujiVII, and RM-TCM;Remineralized- traditional cement or RM-TGIC;Remineral-ized-traditional glass ionomer cement, respectively. After nail varnish was removed, △Q values (mean ± SD) of the windows were measured using QLF-D and were compared between DM-PRG and DM-TCM, RM-PRG and RM-TCM, DM-FujiVII and DM-TGIC, and RM-FujiVII and RM-TGIC groups. △Q values of RM-PRG (-60 ± 44) and RM-FujiVII (-5.0 ± 10) were significantly higher than that of RM-TCM (-315 ± 193) and RM-TGIC (-56 ± 43), respectively. The fluoride releasing materials provided remineralization effects to bovine enamel.展开更多
Light-induced infrared emission spectroscopy (LIRES) is a novel technique that permits to receive high-quality spectra in the mid-infrared region. Low-intensity visible light connected to a highly sensitive FTIR spect...Light-induced infrared emission spectroscopy (LIRES) is a novel technique that permits to receive high-quality spectra in the mid-infrared region. Low-intensity visible light connected to a highly sensitive FTIR spectrometer is more advantageous for studying any samples, including biological samples without any damage. This technique permits obtaining unique information on the molecule structure via vibrational excitation fundamental frequencies, overtones, and combination modes. It also enables a direct observation of vibrational radiation transitions in vibrationally excited molecules as well as the channels of vibration energy redistribution, which is not allowed with any other method. In this work, the LIRES is being tested as a technique for studying of vibrationally-excited molecules of carbon tetrachloride and benzene in the liquid phase. On the other hand, using transparent liquids, we had tried to understand some of the physical phenomena that can drive emission in mid-IR. The characteristics of the infrared emission of both liquid species produced by different wavelength radiation from various types of light systems (100 - watt Xe-lamp and Nd:YAG laser;lambda = 1064 nm (8 mW) and lambda = 532 nm (4 mW)) are presented. We demonstrated that the IR-signal, as well as spectral properties of carbon tetrachloride and benzene, was dependent on the wavelength and power of excitation beam. Results obtained with different light sources show that the visible light produces a nonlinear IR-emission signal in transparent liquids. We believe that the visible light is the source of the nonlinear response and is producing the vibration excitation as well as photostimulated transformations of the molecules possessing the high activity for the nonlinear response.展开更多
The phenomena of acoustic emission in doped lithium niobate crystals were observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultrasonic waves introduce into the crystal have been modulated ...The phenomena of acoustic emission in doped lithium niobate crystals were observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultrasonic waves introduce into the crystal have been modulated by the low frequency acoustic waves. Its frequency increases with the rise of the intensity of incident light and its jump period of breakdown is the same as that of the photovoltaic current Ic, the change of light-induced refractive index Δn and the diffracted light intensity L. This effect was explained with the interaction of the three waves and resonant state theory. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis are in conformity.展开更多
Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen energy.Herein,Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar(SCP),denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a combination of elect...Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen energy.Herein,Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar(SCP),denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a combination of electro-deposition and hydrothermal reaction.Systematic investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed significant improvements in electrocatalytic performance.The Ru/NiMnB SCPs demonstrate superior OER/HER activity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50mA/cm^(2)in 1 M KOH,making them highly competitive with state-of-the-art electrocatalysts.Remarkably,the Ru/NiMnB SCPs exhibit a low 2-E cell voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high current density of 2,000 m A/cm^(2)in 1 M KOH,outperforming the standard benchmark electrodes of RuO_(2)||Pt/C,thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunctional electrocatalysts.These SCPs exhibit exceptional high-current characteristics,stability and corrosion resistance,as evidenced by continuous operation at 1,000 mA/cm^(2)high-current density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial conditions.Only a small amount of Ru incorporation significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of NiMnB,attributed to increased active sites and improved intrinsic properties such as conductivity,adsorption/desorption capability and reaction rates.Consequently,Ru/NiMnB SCPs present a promising bi-functional electrode concept for efficient green H_(2)production.展开更多
This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven second...This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)disrupts gastric motility.Electroacupuncture(EA)at Zusanli(ST36)may alleviate DGP symptoms via neural pathways.AIM To investigate how EA current intensities at ST36 regulate neura...BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)disrupts gastric motility.Electroacupuncture(EA)at Zusanli(ST36)may alleviate DGP symptoms via neural pathways.AIM To investigate how EA current intensities at ST36 regulate neural pathways and improve gastric motility in DGP models.METHODS A DGP model was established using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Gastrointestinal motility was measured in rats after 2 weeks of continuous EA at ST36.Current intensity was selected as 0.5 mA,1 mA,and 3 mA.Gastric electrodynamics were detected by recording and analyzing the number of gastric discharges.The gastric emptying rate and propulsion rate of the small intestine were measured to assess dynamic gastrointestinal function.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to measure histopathological changes in the gastric sinus.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine mRNA levels of Rho guanine nucleotide-binding protein A and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase.Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase,tyrosine hydroxylase,Rho guanine nucleotide-binding protein A,and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase.Immunofluorescence staining in the stomach was conducted to detect the distribution of C-kit,an interstitial cell of Cajal marker.An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect serum levels of acetylcholine and norepinephrine.RESULTS Treatment with EA improved gastric emptying and gastric smooth muscle disorders in rats with DGP,mitigated pathological damage,and restored the function of interstitial cells of Cajal.In addition,different current intensities of EA affected gastrointestinal function of rats with DGP.The 0.5 mA,1 mA,and 3 mA EA groups all improved gastrointestinal function.0.5 mA EA increased acetylcholine levels by increasing protein expression of choline acetyltransferase(P<0.05),thereby upregulating vagus nerve activity and enhancing parasympathetic nerve regulation.3 mA EA increased norepinephrine levels(P<0.05)by increasing protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase,thereby activating the sympathetic nervous pathway.1 mA coordinated the function of the vagus and sympathetic nerves to improve gastrointestinal motility.CONCLUSION EA with ST36 improved gastric motility in rats with DGP.0.5 mA EA activated the vagus nerve,while 3 mA EA regulated gastrointestinal motility by activating the sympathetic nerves.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12134005 and 12334011)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92461301)。
文摘Light-induced conical intersections(LICIs)present a distinctive mechanism for nonadiabatic coupling,thereby facilitating ultrafast chemical reactions,including the indirect photodissociation of diatomic molecules.In contrast to static conical intersections,LICIs are dynamically tunable,providing a pathway for precise control of molecular dissociation.In this study,we employ the time-dependent quantum wave packet method to investigate the dissociation dynamics of the OH molecule,focusing on its ground state X^(2)Πand repulsive state 1^(2)Σ~-.By varying laser field parameters(intensity,full width at half maximum(FWHM),and wavelength),we elucidate how nonadiabatic coupling governs selective dissociation channel control.Our findings reveal that the choice of initial vibrational states and the tailoring of laser conditions significantly influence dissociation pathways,providing theoretical insights into manipulating molecular dynamics via LICIs.These results provide a foundation for future experimental studies and the development of advanced molecular control techniques.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0111500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52321006,T2394480,T2394484,22109143,22475196,22479131)+11 种基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(CRF C4005-22YRGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01))the Joint Fund for Provincial Science and Technology R&D Program of Henan(grant no.242301420051)the Opening Project of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Float Glass(grant no.2022KF04)the China Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(grant no.BX2021271)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2022M712851)the Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(Grant No.2023SJGLX136Y)the Key R&D Special Program of Henan Province(Grant No.241111242000)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.25HASTIT005)the Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers of Zhengzhou University(Grant No.2023ZDGGJS017)the Joint Research Project of Puyang ShengtongJuyuan New Materials Co.Ltd.(Grant No.20230128A)。
文摘Wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskites,particularly CsPbIBr_(2),hold great promise for multi-junction solar cells due to their well-matched bandgap and all-inorganic material system.However,their inherent susceptibility to light-induced phase segregation(LIPS)limits efficiency and stability.In this work,we investigate the effect of three organic additives-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione(CPD),maleimide(HPD),and 3,4-dibromo-1H-pyrrole-2,5(2H,5H)-dione(BrPD)-on LIPS in wide-bandgap CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite films.The additives form various chemical interactions,including coordination bonds,hydrogen bonds,and ionic bonds,with I^(-)and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)ions,among which BrPD has the strongest interaction.This interaction regulates crystallization and improves film morphology.The BrPD-modified films have the largest grain size and the highest light stability,suppressing LIPS,enhancing carrier transfer,and improving device performance.BrPD-modified CsPbIBr_(2)-based solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 11.34%,outperforming the control(8.96%)and other additives.Moreover,BrPDmodified devices show excellent stability,retaining 94%of their initial PCE after 60 min of continuous light exposure.This work highlights the potential of strategically selected organic additives to enhance the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells,offering valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency and long-lasting perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10874249)
文摘The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a two-body system. Two cases are considered： （i） Starting from a ground state the evolution is induced by a sudden change of the laser field, and （ii） the evolution starting from a superposition state. Oscillating persistent spin-currents have been found. A set of formulae have been derived to describe the period and amplitude of the oscillation. Based on these formulae the oscillation can be well controlled via adjusting the parameters of the laser beams. In particular, it is predicted that movable stripes might emerge on the ring.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3700801)。
文摘Low-density short-duration pulsed current-assisted aging treatment was applied to the Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.5Zr alloy subjected to different solution treatments.The results show that numerous α_(p) phases redissolve into the new β phase during the pulsed current-assisted aging process,and then the newly formed β phase is mainly transformed into the β_(t) phase,with occasional transition to new α_(p) phase,leading to a remarkable grain refinement,especially for the lamellarαs phases.In comparison to conventional aging treatment,the pulsed current-assisted aging approach achieves a significant enhancement in strength without degrading ductility,yielding an excellent mechanical property combination:a yield strength of 932 MPa,a tensile strength of 1042 MPa,and an elongation of 12.2%.It is primarily ascribed to the increased fraction of β_(t) phases,the obvious grain refinement effect,and the slip block effect induced by the multiple-variantαs colonies distributed within β_(t) phases.
文摘Light induced changes in a-Si∶H films are investigated by transient photoconductivity.The transient photoconductivity decay data can neither be fit well by common power-law for transient photocurrent in amorphous semiconductors,nor by stretched exponential rule for transient decay from the steady state in photoconductivity.Instead,the data are fit fairly well with a sum of two exponential functions.The results show that the long time decay is governed by deep traps rather than band tail states,and two different traps locating separately at 0.52 and 0.59eV below E _c are responsible for the two exponential functions.They are designated as negatively charged dangling bond D - centers.The light-induced changes in photoconductivity are attributed mainly to the decrease in electron lifetime caused by the increase of recombination centers after light soaking.
文摘We found an ultraviolet （UV）-light induced formation of biphenyl and sodium benzoate from benzene and sodium carbonate. The reaction happens in the interface of benzene and aqueous solution at the room temperature. After 5 h of UV-light exposure, 11.4% of initial amount of 4.4 g （5.0 mL） benzene are converted to biphenyl and sodium benzoate, which are distributed in benzene and aqueous solution, respectively. Using density function theory （DFT） and time dependent DFT, we have investigated the mechanism of this light-induced reaction, and found that the sodium carbonate is not only a reactant for the formation of sodium benzoate, but also a catalyst for the formation of biphenyl.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91023024,51175083)Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1020)Jiangsu Graduate Innovative Research Program(No.CX10B_062Z).
文摘To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis （LDEP）, a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field （APF） for micro light pattern movements is proposed. An algorithm combining guided target and point obstacle based on a new local minimum judging criterion is specially designed, which can solve the local minimum problems encountered by the traditional APF. Experiments of real-time particle manipulation based on this algorithm are implemented and the experimental results show that the proposed approach can overcome the local minimum problems of the traditional APF method, and it is validated to be highly stable for intensive particle obstacles during LDEP manipulation. Consequently, this method can realize real-time manipulation of micro-nano particles with safety, decrease the difficulty of manual manipulation, and thus improve the efficiency of manipulation of micro-particles.
文摘This paper presents dark oscillations of light-indhced absorption in heavy reduced Co: KNSBN crystal, points out there are double carriers and multiple traps in the crystal and explains the experimental results with the newly established model of double carriers and multiple traps.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30900959)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY17C140003)。
文摘A visible-light induced metal-free approach was described for the hydroxyalkylation of 2 Hbenzothiazoles with alcohols by using selectfluor as the oxidant.A variety of 2 H-benzothiazoles and alcohols could be tolerated,providing a mild and simple method for the synthesis of C2-hydroxyalkylated2 H-benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields.Besides,ethers were also compatible in this reaction,leading to corresponding C2 ether-substituted 2 H-benzothiazoles with high regioselectivity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 69908003）.
文摘The phenomena of acoustic emission in LiNbO3：Fe：Ce crystals have been observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultra-high frequency acoustic signal introduced into the crystal is modulated by the low frequency acoustic waves. Its frequency increases with the increase of the intensity of incident light and its jump period of breakdown is the same as that of the photovoltaic current Ic, the change of light-induced refractive index △n and the diffracted light intensity L. This phenomenon has been analysed in this paper, which is caused by the inverse piezoelectric strain effect of the jump of space charge field during the quasi-breakdown.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The present paper covers the lipid-free rhodium tetrasulfonato-phthalocyanine (RhTSPc) films prepared on p-Si(111) by using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Their surface photovoltage spectra were measured. It was found that there is a strong interaction at the interface between the RhTSPc film and p-Si (111) and that the surface photovoltaic effect of the film system is maximum when only one monolayer of RhTSPc molecules coats p-Si(111), which is similar to that of CuTSPc films on p-Si(111) reported previously. These results confirm that only the monolayer of dye molecules being adjacent to the semiconductor surface plays a key role in the light-induced interfacial charge transfer process.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20230255Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2023QE281.
文摘The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow controller(CFC)are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and flexibly.However,since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches(e.g.,insulated gate bipolar transistor,integrated gate commutated thyristor,etc.),their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power losses.To solve these problems,integrated equipment with both current flow control and fault isolation abilities is proposed,which shares the expensive and duplicated components of CFCs and DCCBs among adjacent lines.In addition,the complicated coordination control of CFCs and DCCBs can be avoided by adopting the integrated equipment in themultiterminal DC grid.In order to examine the current flow control and fault isolation abilities of the integrated equipment,the simulation model of a specific meshed four-terminal DC grid is constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Finally,the comparison between the integrated equipment and the separate solution is presented a specific result or conclusion needs to be added to the abstract.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900862)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the involvement of pericyte-Müller glia interaction in retinal damage repair and assess the influence of suppressing the platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ(PDGFRβ)signaling pathway in retinal pericytes on photoreceptor loss and Müller glial response.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense light to induce retinal injury.Neutralizing antibody against PDGFRβwere deployed to block the signaling pathway in retinal pericytes through intravitreal injection.Retinal histology and Müller glial reaction were assessed following light injury.In vitro,normal and PDGFRβ-blocked retinal pericytes were cocultured with Müller cell line(rMC-1)to examine morphological and protein expression changes upon supplementation with light-injured supernatants of homogenized retinas(SHRs).RESULTS:PDGFRβblockage 24h prior to intense light exposure resulted in a significant exacerbation of photoreceptor loss.The upregulation of GFAP and p-STAT3,observed after intense light exposure,was significantly inhibited in the PDGFRβblockage group.Fur ther upregulation of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)was also observed following PDGFRβinhibition.In the in vitro coculture system,the addition of light-injured SHRs induced pericyte deformation and upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression,while Müller cells exhibited neuron-like morphology and expressed Nestin.However,PDGFRβblockage in retinal pericytes abolished these cellular responses to light-induced damage,consistent with the in vivo PDGFRβblockage findings.CONCLUSION:Pericyte-Müller glia interaction plays a potential role in the endogenous repair process of retinal injury.Impairment of this interaction exacerbates photoreceptor degeneration in light-induced retinal injury.
文摘Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy. Objective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Methods: Experiment No. 1. Early demineralized lesions in the upper and lower incisors and canines were visually inspected by three dentists and by QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with early demineralized lesions were compared between the methods. Experiment No. 2. Approximal demineralized lesions in molars were assessed by visual inspection, x-ray imaging, and QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with demineralized lesions were compared among the methods. Experiment No. 3. Plaque distribution was evaluated by QLF-D and a traditional staining method. The ratio of the diameter of plaque to tooth crown in the tooth axis direction in each method was calculated. The results were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Experiment No. 1. The three dentists found 0.67 tooth planes on average. QLF-D found 22 tooth planes with early demineralized lesions in the same samples. Experiment No. 2. Fourteen approximal tooth planes of molars were found to have demineralized lesions by x-ray imaging. QLF-D detected 71.4% of the tooth planes out of the 14, whereas visual inspection found 7.1%. Experiment No. 3. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the evaluations of plaque distribution between the QLF-D and traditional staining methods was 0.77 (P Conclusion: The results support introduction of QLF-D for use in school dental examinations.
文摘As erosion has become one of the serious oral health problems, some fluoride-releasing dental materials have been developed to protect enamel from demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidemineralization effect of PRG Barrier Coat<sup>®</sup> and FujiVII<sup>®</sup> (fluoride-releasing dental materials). Four square windows measuring 1 mm<sup>2</sup> were prepared on the labial enamel surface of each bovine tooth using masking tape and nail varnish. The first and second windows were half covered by fluoride-releasing material and control material, respectively, whereas the third and fourth windows were left untreated. All windows were immersed into 0.1 M lactic acid and 6wt% CM-cellulose (pH 4.5) at 38℃ for 21 days. Subsequently, the first and second windows were covered with nail varnish after removal of the materials, and the third and fourth windows were immersed into ultrapure water at 38℃ for 28 days after being half covered with fluoride-releasing and control materials, respectively. The following procedure was performed separately during evaluations of the fluoride-releasing materials, PRG Barrier Coat, and FujiVII<sup>®</sup>, using eight and six bovine teeth, respectively. The first, second, third, and fourth windows were classified into DM-PRG;Demineralized-PRG or DM-FujiVII;Demineralized-FujiVII, DM-TCM;Demineralized-traditional cement or DM-TGIC;De-mineralized-traditional glass ionomer cement, RM-PRG;Remineralized-PRG or RM-FujiVII;Re-mineralized-FujiVII, and RM-TCM;Remineralized- traditional cement or RM-TGIC;Remineral-ized-traditional glass ionomer cement, respectively. After nail varnish was removed, △Q values (mean ± SD) of the windows were measured using QLF-D and were compared between DM-PRG and DM-TCM, RM-PRG and RM-TCM, DM-FujiVII and DM-TGIC, and RM-FujiVII and RM-TGIC groups. △Q values of RM-PRG (-60 ± 44) and RM-FujiVII (-5.0 ± 10) were significantly higher than that of RM-TCM (-315 ± 193) and RM-TGIC (-56 ± 43), respectively. The fluoride releasing materials provided remineralization effects to bovine enamel.
文摘Light-induced infrared emission spectroscopy (LIRES) is a novel technique that permits to receive high-quality spectra in the mid-infrared region. Low-intensity visible light connected to a highly sensitive FTIR spectrometer is more advantageous for studying any samples, including biological samples without any damage. This technique permits obtaining unique information on the molecule structure via vibrational excitation fundamental frequencies, overtones, and combination modes. It also enables a direct observation of vibrational radiation transitions in vibrationally excited molecules as well as the channels of vibration energy redistribution, which is not allowed with any other method. In this work, the LIRES is being tested as a technique for studying of vibrationally-excited molecules of carbon tetrachloride and benzene in the liquid phase. On the other hand, using transparent liquids, we had tried to understand some of the physical phenomena that can drive emission in mid-IR. The characteristics of the infrared emission of both liquid species produced by different wavelength radiation from various types of light systems (100 - watt Xe-lamp and Nd:YAG laser;lambda = 1064 nm (8 mW) and lambda = 532 nm (4 mW)) are presented. We demonstrated that the IR-signal, as well as spectral properties of carbon tetrachloride and benzene, was dependent on the wavelength and power of excitation beam. Results obtained with different light sources show that the visible light produces a nonlinear IR-emission signal in transparent liquids. We believe that the visible light is the source of the nonlinear response and is producing the vibration excitation as well as photostimulated transformations of the molecules possessing the high activity for the nonlinear response.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60025512)
文摘The phenomena of acoustic emission in doped lithium niobate crystals were observed in the process of light-induced quasi-breakdown. It is found that the ultrasonic waves introduce into the crystal have been modulated by the low frequency acoustic waves. Its frequency increases with the rise of the intensity of incident light and its jump period of breakdown is the same as that of the photovoltaic current Ic, the change of light-induced refractive index Δn and the diffracted light intensity L. This effect was explained with the interaction of the three waves and resonant state theory. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis are in conformity.
基金Core Research Institute Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2018R1A6A1A03025242)in part by the research grant of Kwangwoon University in 2024。
文摘Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen energy.Herein,Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar(SCP),denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a combination of electro-deposition and hydrothermal reaction.Systematic investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed significant improvements in electrocatalytic performance.The Ru/NiMnB SCPs demonstrate superior OER/HER activity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50mA/cm^(2)in 1 M KOH,making them highly competitive with state-of-the-art electrocatalysts.Remarkably,the Ru/NiMnB SCPs exhibit a low 2-E cell voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high current density of 2,000 m A/cm^(2)in 1 M KOH,outperforming the standard benchmark electrodes of RuO_(2)||Pt/C,thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunctional electrocatalysts.These SCPs exhibit exceptional high-current characteristics,stability and corrosion resistance,as evidenced by continuous operation at 1,000 mA/cm^(2)high-current density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial conditions.Only a small amount of Ru incorporation significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of NiMnB,attributed to increased active sites and improved intrinsic properties such as conductivity,adsorption/desorption capability and reaction rates.Consequently,Ru/NiMnB SCPs present a promising bi-functional electrode concept for efficient green H_(2)production.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European IMPULSE project under Grant Agreement No.871161from LASERLAB-EUROPE V under Grant Agreement No.871124+6 种基金from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(Grant No.GM23-05027M)Grant No.PDC2021120933-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRsupported by funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades in Spain through ICTS Equipment Grant No.EQC2018-005230-Pfrom Grant No.PID2021-125389O A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Unionfrom grants of the Junta de Castilla y León with Grant Nos.CLP263P20 and CLP087U16。
文摘This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82205298Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2023JJ30462+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.2023SK2045,No.22JBZ007,No.Z2023XJYQ07,No.B2024007,and No.Z2023JB012024 Graduate Innovation Topics,No.2024CX031.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)disrupts gastric motility.Electroacupuncture(EA)at Zusanli(ST36)may alleviate DGP symptoms via neural pathways.AIM To investigate how EA current intensities at ST36 regulate neural pathways and improve gastric motility in DGP models.METHODS A DGP model was established using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Gastrointestinal motility was measured in rats after 2 weeks of continuous EA at ST36.Current intensity was selected as 0.5 mA,1 mA,and 3 mA.Gastric electrodynamics were detected by recording and analyzing the number of gastric discharges.The gastric emptying rate and propulsion rate of the small intestine were measured to assess dynamic gastrointestinal function.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to measure histopathological changes in the gastric sinus.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine mRNA levels of Rho guanine nucleotide-binding protein A and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase.Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase,tyrosine hydroxylase,Rho guanine nucleotide-binding protein A,and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase.Immunofluorescence staining in the stomach was conducted to detect the distribution of C-kit,an interstitial cell of Cajal marker.An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect serum levels of acetylcholine and norepinephrine.RESULTS Treatment with EA improved gastric emptying and gastric smooth muscle disorders in rats with DGP,mitigated pathological damage,and restored the function of interstitial cells of Cajal.In addition,different current intensities of EA affected gastrointestinal function of rats with DGP.The 0.5 mA,1 mA,and 3 mA EA groups all improved gastrointestinal function.0.5 mA EA increased acetylcholine levels by increasing protein expression of choline acetyltransferase(P<0.05),thereby upregulating vagus nerve activity and enhancing parasympathetic nerve regulation.3 mA EA increased norepinephrine levels(P<0.05)by increasing protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase,thereby activating the sympathetic nervous pathway.1 mA coordinated the function of the vagus and sympathetic nerves to improve gastrointestinal motility.CONCLUSION EA with ST36 improved gastric motility in rats with DGP.0.5 mA EA activated the vagus nerve,while 3 mA EA regulated gastrointestinal motility by activating the sympathetic nerves.
