We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In n...We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In nonlinear electrodynamics,strong electromagnetic fields modify the vacuum such that it acquires optical properties.Such a field-modified vacuum can possess electric permittivity,magnetic permeability,and a magneto-electric response,inducing novel phenomena such as vacuum birefringence.By exploiting the mathematical structures of Plebanski-type Lagrangians,we establish a streamlined procedure and explicit formulas to determine light modes,i.e.,refractive indices and polarization vectors for a given propagation direction.We also work out the light modes of the various Lagrangians for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field.The 3+1 formulation advanced in this paper has direct applications to the current vacuum birefringence research:terrestrial experiments using permanent magnets/ultra-intense lasers for the subcritical regime and astrophysical observation of X-rays from highly magnetized neutron stars for the near-critical and supercritical regimes.展开更多
A novel mode-filtered light gas sensor has been reported. It was constructed by inserting an optical fiber deposited by a thin silicone cladding of cryptophane A into a fused-silica capillary. When different concentra...A novel mode-filtered light gas sensor has been reported. It was constructed by inserting an optical fiber deposited by a thin silicone cladding of cryptophane A into a fused-silica capillary. When different concentration of methane gas was introduced to the sensor, the phenomenon that mode-filtered light intensity decreased with the increasing concentration of methane was observed. And a linear relationship was obtained within the methane concentration range of 0.0-16.0% （v/v）. The detection limit was 0.06% （v/v）. The mode-filtered light sensor has been exploited to respond to various concentrations of methane gas at room temperature.展开更多
Objective： This study explored the effects of different light curing modes and ethanol-wet bonding on dentin bonding strength and durability. Methods： A total of 54 molars were randomly divided into three groups： S...Objective： This study explored the effects of different light curing modes and ethanol-wet bonding on dentin bonding strength and durability. Methods： A total of 54 molars were randomly divided into three groups： Single Bond 2, Gluma Comfort Bond, and N-Bond. Based on the three light-curing modes and presence or absence of eth- anol pretreatment, the samples were assigned to six subgroups： high-light mode, ethanol pretreatment＋high-light mode, soft-start mode, ethanol pretreatment＋soft-start mode, standard mode, and ethanol pretreatment＋standard mode. All samples were bonded with resin based on the experimental groups. After 24 h and 6 months of water storage, a universal testing machine was used to measure microtensile bond strength. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was applied to observe mixed layer morphology. Results： The 24-h and 6-month microtensile bond strengths of the ethanol pretreatment groups were significantly higher than those of the non-ethanol pretreatment groups at the same light modes （P〈0.05）. With or without ethanol pretreatment, the microtensile bond strengths of the high-light modes were significantly lower than those of the soft-start modes and standard modes （P〈0.05）. The microtensile bond strengths of samples from the 6-month water storage group significantly decreased compared with those of samples from the 24-h water storage group （P〈0.05）. The soft-start groups and standard groups formed better mixed layers than the high-light mode groups, whereas the ethanol pretreatment groups formed more uniform mixed layers than those without ethanol pretreatment. Conclusions： Ethanol-wet bonding technique, soft-start, and standard modes could improve dentin bonding properties.展开更多
A novel potassium ions sensor based on mode-filtered light detection was reported. The analyzer was consisting of an optical fiber immobilized with a dye of bromocresol green and a fused-silica capillary. It was found...A novel potassium ions sensor based on mode-filtered light detection was reported. The analyzer was consisting of an optical fiber immobilized with a dye of bromocresol green and a fused-silica capillary. It was found that mode-filtered light intensity decreased with the concentration of potassium ions and a linear detection range of 0.25-20 mmol/L （R^2 = 0.9977） was obtained with a detection limit of 9 ×10^-5 mol/L as well as fast response, good reproducibility and reversibility in the working concentration range.展开更多
Emission characteristics of top emitting organic light-emitting devices （TOLEDs） with Ag as reflective anode, Al/Ag as semitransparent cathode and 90 160 nm [N-（1-naphthyl）-N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl/tris-（8-hydrox...Emission characteristics of top emitting organic light-emitting devices （TOLEDs） with Ag as reflective anode, Al/Ag as semitransparent cathode and 90 160 nm [N-（1-naphthyl）-N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl/tris-（8-hydroxy quinoline） aluminum （NPB/Alq3） sandwiched in the electrodes are examined. The electroluminescence （EL） spectra of the TOLEDs are simulated based on the Fabry-Perot cavity theory. And the resonant modes in cavity structure of TOLEDs is discussed and clarified which can accurately describe the work principle of the devices. A fairly good match between calculated values and experimental data is achieved at different emission colors from bluish green to orange.展开更多
基金supported by the Ultrashort Quantum Beam Facility operation program(Grant No.140011)through APRI,GISTalso by the Institute of Basic Science(Grant No.IBSR038-D1).
文摘We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In nonlinear electrodynamics,strong electromagnetic fields modify the vacuum such that it acquires optical properties.Such a field-modified vacuum can possess electric permittivity,magnetic permeability,and a magneto-electric response,inducing novel phenomena such as vacuum birefringence.By exploiting the mathematical structures of Plebanski-type Lagrangians,we establish a streamlined procedure and explicit formulas to determine light modes,i.e.,refractive indices and polarization vectors for a given propagation direction.We also work out the light modes of the various Lagrangians for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field.The 3+1 formulation advanced in this paper has direct applications to the current vacuum birefringence research:terrestrial experiments using permanent magnets/ultra-intense lasers for the subcritical regime and astrophysical observation of X-rays from highly magnetized neutron stars for the near-critical and supercritical regimes.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50534100)Project of Taiyuan Science and Technology Bureau of Shanxi Provincethe Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Shanxi Province.
文摘A novel mode-filtered light gas sensor has been reported. It was constructed by inserting an optical fiber deposited by a thin silicone cladding of cryptophane A into a fused-silica capillary. When different concentration of methane gas was introduced to the sensor, the phenomenon that mode-filtered light intensity decreased with the increasing concentration of methane was observed. And a linear relationship was obtained within the methane concentration range of 0.0-16.0% （v/v）. The detection limit was 0.06% （v/v）. The mode-filtered light sensor has been exploited to respond to various concentrations of methane gas at room temperature.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province of China(No.(2015)527)
文摘Objective： This study explored the effects of different light curing modes and ethanol-wet bonding on dentin bonding strength and durability. Methods： A total of 54 molars were randomly divided into three groups： Single Bond 2, Gluma Comfort Bond, and N-Bond. Based on the three light-curing modes and presence or absence of eth- anol pretreatment, the samples were assigned to six subgroups： high-light mode, ethanol pretreatment＋high-light mode, soft-start mode, ethanol pretreatment＋soft-start mode, standard mode, and ethanol pretreatment＋standard mode. All samples were bonded with resin based on the experimental groups. After 24 h and 6 months of water storage, a universal testing machine was used to measure microtensile bond strength. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was applied to observe mixed layer morphology. Results： The 24-h and 6-month microtensile bond strengths of the ethanol pretreatment groups were significantly higher than those of the non-ethanol pretreatment groups at the same light modes （P〈0.05）. With or without ethanol pretreatment, the microtensile bond strengths of the high-light modes were significantly lower than those of the soft-start modes and standard modes （P〈0.05）. The microtensile bond strengths of samples from the 6-month water storage group significantly decreased compared with those of samples from the 24-h water storage group （P〈0.05）. The soft-start groups and standard groups formed better mixed layers than the high-light mode groups, whereas the ethanol pretreatment groups formed more uniform mixed layers than those without ethanol pretreatment. Conclusions： Ethanol-wet bonding technique, soft-start, and standard modes could improve dentin bonding properties.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50534100)
文摘A novel potassium ions sensor based on mode-filtered light detection was reported. The analyzer was consisting of an optical fiber immobilized with a dye of bromocresol green and a fused-silica capillary. It was found that mode-filtered light intensity decreased with the concentration of potassium ions and a linear detection range of 0.25-20 mmol/L （R^2 = 0.9977） was obtained with a detection limit of 9 ×10^-5 mol/L as well as fast response, good reproducibility and reversibility in the working concentration range.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.09ZR1411900)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2010AA03A337)
文摘Emission characteristics of top emitting organic light-emitting devices （TOLEDs） with Ag as reflective anode, Al/Ag as semitransparent cathode and 90 160 nm [N-（1-naphthyl）-N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl/tris-（8-hydroxy quinoline） aluminum （NPB/Alq3） sandwiched in the electrodes are examined. The electroluminescence （EL） spectra of the TOLEDs are simulated based on the Fabry-Perot cavity theory. And the resonant modes in cavity structure of TOLEDs is discussed and clarified which can accurately describe the work principle of the devices. A fairly good match between calculated values and experimental data is achieved at different emission colors from bluish green to orange.
