As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical ...As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.展开更多
Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light condi...Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light conditions are considerably smaller in intensity and possess greater components of non-normal incidence.Yet,indoor light-driven,stand-alone devices can offer sustainable advances in next-generation technologies such as the Internet of Things.Here,we present a non-invasive solution to aid in photovoltaic indoor light collection—radially distributed waveguide-encoded lattice(RDWEL)slim films(thickness 1.5 mm).Embedded with a monotonical radial array of cylindrical waveguides(±20°),the RDWEL demonstrates seamless light collection(FoV(fields of view)=74.5°)and imparts enhancements in JSC(short circuit current density)of 44%and 14%for indoor and outdoor lighting conditions,respectively,when coupled to a photovoltaic device and compared to an unstructured but otherwise identical slim film coating.展开更多
The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,t...The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,the InSight lander collected long-term marsquake data,which improved the Martian interior structure model.B ased on the preliminary analysis of marsquake data,Mars has a molten liquid core with a radius of around 1700 km.As the Martian core has a smaller density and lower temperature than pure iron at corresponding pressure and temperature conditions,some light elements are introduced to reduce the density and liquidus temperature.With various methods for seismic analysis,in-situ high-pressure and high-temperature experiments,and first-principal calculations,the Martian core composition and evolution models have been updated in the past few years.Here,we review those studies on the light elements in the Martian core from four aspects including(1)high-temperature and high-pressure experiments,(2)marsquake data,(3)mineral physics model with molecular dynamics simulations and(4)cosmochemistry investigation.We discussed the effect of different light elements on the Martian core s density,sound velocity and liquidus temperature.Moreover,the review examines the varieties,abundances and forms of light elements in the Martian core.展开更多
Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic struct...Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.展开更多
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains...Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains poorly understood.Our previous studies have established GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA3 as the regulators of seed coat and floral anthocyanin production in soybean(Glycine max),respectively.In this study,we reveal the functional divergence of their paralog GmMYBA1 in orchestrating light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis in juvenile tissues and stems.In brief,hypocotyl/stem-and young leaf-predominant expression of GmMYBA1 correlates with photoprotective anthocyanin accumulation.Ectopic overexpression of GmMYBA1 induces systemic pigmentation across leaves,stems,and reproductive organs,whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of GmMYBA1 significantly reduces anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl.Light-dark shift assays confirmed that GmMYBA1 is required for hypocotyl pigmentation,while dual-luciferase assays revealed the specific regulation of the GmMYBA paralogs by GmSTF1/2(soybean TGACG-motif binding factor 1/2).GmSTF1/2 both activate GmMYBA1,with only GmSTF2 weakly inducing GmMYBA2 and neither affecting GmMYBA3.Further investigation indicated that the differential transactivation of GmMYBA promoters largely resulted from their cis-element difference,suggesting regulatory divergence as a driver of MYB paralog diversification.Our findings position GmMYBA1 as the central MYB activator integrating light signaling with anthocyanin biosynthesis,with paralog specialization reflecting evolutionary subfunctionalization post-gene duplication.展开更多
Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielect...Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielectric nanosphere with conductive surface within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics.The electromagnetic fields including the losses in the materials can be taken as fundamental excitations which interact with the atom through a transition dipole.Both weak and strong coupling regimes have been investigated.The decay rate and the angle-dependent light intensities indeed strongly depend on the parameters of the system,i.e.,the position and orientation of the dipole,the geometric size,and the surface conductivity,providing the opportunity of artificial control over these quantities.Generalizing the formalism in this paper to other systems,like metamaterials,is straightforward,which we believe may pave a way for future active quantum nanophotonic devices.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ...AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.展开更多
The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-inf...The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.展开更多
A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a m...A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a moving thin ground glass plate,is employed in a double-slit interference experiment.The ground glass plate induces random phase differences between light beams of different wavelengths passing through it.This initial random phase difference significantly influences the high-order intensity correlation functions of multi-wavelength thermal beams.Experimentally,second-order correlated interference patterns,including subwavelength interference,of pseudothermal beams with different wavelengths are observed in the intensity correlation measurements.This method facilitates applications of correlated thermal photons in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.展开更多
Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fund...Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.展开更多
Cryptochromes(CRYs)are photolyase-like bluelight receptors originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis)and have since been identified across diverse evolutionary lineages.Cryptochromes not only transduce...Cryptochromes(CRYs)are photolyase-like bluelight receptors originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis)and have since been identified across diverse evolutionary lineages.Cryptochromes not only transduce blue-light cues to the circadian clock but also maintain the temperature compensation of circadian clock.However,the precise mechanism by which CRYs integrate blue light signals into the circadian clock in Arabidopsis is still under investigation.This study revealed that,when blue light was filtered out from white light,the circadian period length in Col-0 was extended,but not in the cry1 cry2double mutant.This indicates that both blue light and CRYs are crucial for regulating the circadian rhythm.Furthermore,we discovered that CRY2 interacted with PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR 5(PRR5),a key component of the circadian clock under blue light,which suppressed PRR5's transcriptional inhibition ability on CCA1 and LHY.These findings illuminate the pathway through which blue light influences the circadian clock via the CRY2-PRR5 module.展开更多
This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degra...This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degradation.The synergistic process achieved complete ATZ removal within 60 min under near-neutral pH(6.9),outperform-ing individual Fenton-like(39%)and photocatalytic(24%)processes.Key factors influencing the degradation efficiency included light sources(UV>visible),pH(optimal at 6.9),catalyst dosage(0.01 g Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)),and PMS:ATZ molar ratio(1:2).The system exhibited a synergistic coefficient of 5.03(degradation)and 1.97(miner-alization),attributed to enhanced radical generation and accelerated Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)redox cycling through photoin-duced electron transfer.Intermediate analysis revealed dealkylation,dechlorination,and oxidation pathways,with reduced toxicity of by-products(e.g.,CEAT,CIAT)confirmed by ecotoxicity assessments.The mineralization efficiency(Vis-Photo+Fenton-like)reached 83.1%,significantly higher than that of standalone processes(Fenton-like:43.2%;photocatalysis:30.5%).The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability(nearly 90%recov-ery,<1μg/L Co leaching)and practical applicability.This study provides an efficient,sludge-free,and solar-compatible strategy for eliminating persistent herbicides in water treatment.展开更多
To address the challenges of high-precision optical surface defect detection,we propose a novel design for a wide-field and broadband light field camera in this work.The proposed system can achieve a 50°field of ...To address the challenges of high-precision optical surface defect detection,we propose a novel design for a wide-field and broadband light field camera in this work.The proposed system can achieve a 50°field of view and operates at both visible and near-infrared wavelengths.Using the principles of light field imaging,the proposed design enables 3D reconstruction of optical surfaces,thus enabling vertical surface height measurements with enhanced accuracy.Using Zemax-based simulations,we evaluate the system’s modulation transfer function,its optical aberrations,and its tolerance to shape variations through Zernike coefficient adjustments.The results demonstrate that this camera can achieve the required spatial resolution while also maintaining high imaging quality and thus offers a promising solution for advanced optical surface defect inspection.展开更多
Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection mo...Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection models often exhibit significant performance degradation in real-world environments characterized by high dynamic range and complex lighting conditions.To overcome these limitations,this research presents FED-YOLOv10s,an improved and lightweight object detection framework based on You Only look Once v10(YOLOv10).The proposed model integrates a C2f-Faster block derived from FasterNet to reduce parameters and floating-point operations,an Efficient Multiscale Attention(EMA)mechanism to improve TSL-invariant feature extraction,and a deformable Convolution Networks v4(DCNv4)module to enhance multiscale spatial adaptability.Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal balance between computational efficiency and detection accuracy,attaining an F1-score of 91.8%,and mAP@0.5 of 95.1%,while reducing parameters to 8.13 million.Comparative analyses across multiple traffic sign detection benchmarks demonstrate that FED-YOLOv10s outperforms state-of-the-art models in precision,recall,and mAP.These results highlight FED-YOLOv10s as a robust,efficient,and deployable solution for intelligent traffic perception in ADS.展开更多
Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine...Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.展开更多
Traditional mining in open pit mines often uses explosives,leading to environmental hazards,with flyrock being a critical issue.In detail,excess flying rock beyond the designated explosion area was identified as the p...Traditional mining in open pit mines often uses explosives,leading to environmental hazards,with flyrock being a critical issue.In detail,excess flying rock beyond the designated explosion area was identified as the primary cause of fatal and non-fatal blasting hazards in open pit mining.Therefore,the accurate and reliable prediction of flyrock becomes crucial for effectively managing and mitigating associated problems.This study used the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)model to predict flyrock in a lead-zinc mine,with promising results.To improve its accuracy,multi-verse optimizer(MVO)and ant lion optimizer(ALO)metaheuristic algorithms were introduced.Results showed MVO-LightGBM outperformed conventional LightGBM.Additionally,decision tree(DT),support vector machine(SVM),and classification and regression tree(CART)models were trained and compared with MVO-LightGBM.The MVO-LightGBM model excelled over DT,SVM,and CART.This study highlights MVO-LightGBM's effectiveness and potential for broader applications.Furthermore,a multiple parametric sensitivity analysis(MPSA)algorithm was employed to specify the sensitivity of parameters.MPSA results indicated that the highest and lowest sensitivities are relevant to blasted rock per hole and spacing with theγ=1752.12 andγ=49.52,respectively.展开更多
Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting d...Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.展开更多
CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because ...CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].展开更多
Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturiza...Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001700)the Unveiling and Leading Projects(2022kj05)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation Team of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj02)the Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNDC20250149).
文摘As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(Grant Agreement No.818762)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Grant No.EP/V048953/1)and the Isaac Newton Trust(grant 22.39(m))。
文摘Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light conditions are considerably smaller in intensity and possess greater components of non-normal incidence.Yet,indoor light-driven,stand-alone devices can offer sustainable advances in next-generation technologies such as the Internet of Things.Here,we present a non-invasive solution to aid in photovoltaic indoor light collection—radially distributed waveguide-encoded lattice(RDWEL)slim films(thickness 1.5 mm).Embedded with a monotonical radial array of cylindrical waveguides(±20°),the RDWEL demonstrates seamless light collection(FoV(fields of view)=74.5°)and imparts enhancements in JSC(short circuit current density)of 44%and 14%for indoor and outdoor lighting conditions,respectively,when coupled to a photovoltaic device and compared to an unstructured but otherwise identical slim film coating.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.42120104005)Guizhou Provincial 2021 Science and Technology Subsidies(grant no.GZ2021SIG)+1 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(grant nos.ZK[2024]087GCC[2023]060)。
文摘The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,the InSight lander collected long-term marsquake data,which improved the Martian interior structure model.B ased on the preliminary analysis of marsquake data,Mars has a molten liquid core with a radius of around 1700 km.As the Martian core has a smaller density and lower temperature than pure iron at corresponding pressure and temperature conditions,some light elements are introduced to reduce the density and liquidus temperature.With various methods for seismic analysis,in-situ high-pressure and high-temperature experiments,and first-principal calculations,the Martian core composition and evolution models have been updated in the past few years.Here,we review those studies on the light elements in the Martian core from four aspects including(1)high-temperature and high-pressure experiments,(2)marsquake data,(3)mineral physics model with molecular dynamics simulations and(4)cosmochemistry investigation.We discussed the effect of different light elements on the Martian core s density,sound velocity and liquidus temperature.Moreover,the review examines the varieties,abundances and forms of light elements in the Martian core.
基金supported by Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(RS-2022-00154720,Technology Innovation Program Development of next-generation power semiconductor based on Si-on-SiC structure)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Korea government(RS-2023-NR076826)Global-Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master's·PhD students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Ministry of Education(No.RS-2024-00443714).
文摘Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20220508112RC).The founders had no role in this study design,data collection,analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains poorly understood.Our previous studies have established GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA3 as the regulators of seed coat and floral anthocyanin production in soybean(Glycine max),respectively.In this study,we reveal the functional divergence of their paralog GmMYBA1 in orchestrating light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis in juvenile tissues and stems.In brief,hypocotyl/stem-and young leaf-predominant expression of GmMYBA1 correlates with photoprotective anthocyanin accumulation.Ectopic overexpression of GmMYBA1 induces systemic pigmentation across leaves,stems,and reproductive organs,whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of GmMYBA1 significantly reduces anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl.Light-dark shift assays confirmed that GmMYBA1 is required for hypocotyl pigmentation,while dual-luciferase assays revealed the specific regulation of the GmMYBA paralogs by GmSTF1/2(soybean TGACG-motif binding factor 1/2).GmSTF1/2 both activate GmMYBA1,with only GmSTF2 weakly inducing GmMYBA2 and neither affecting GmMYBA3.Further investigation indicated that the differential transactivation of GmMYBA promoters largely resulted from their cis-element difference,suggesting regulatory divergence as a driver of MYB paralog diversification.Our findings position GmMYBA1 as the central MYB activator integrating light signaling with anthocyanin biosynthesis,with paralog specialization reflecting evolutionary subfunctionalization post-gene duplication.
基金supported by Hangzhou Dianzi University(Grant No.KYS075621018)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY24A050004)。
文摘Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielectric nanosphere with conductive surface within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics.The electromagnetic fields including the losses in the materials can be taken as fundamental excitations which interact with the atom through a transition dipole.Both weak and strong coupling regimes have been investigated.The decay rate and the angle-dependent light intensities indeed strongly depend on the parameters of the system,i.e.,the position and orientation of the dipole,the geometric size,and the surface conductivity,providing the opportunity of artificial control over these quantities.Generalizing the formalism in this paper to other systems,like metamaterials,is straightforward,which we believe may pave a way for future active quantum nanophotonic devices.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22007008)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC1907021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.DUT23YG120,DUT19RC(3)009)。
文摘The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62105278 and 11674273)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023MA015)。
文摘A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a moving thin ground glass plate,is employed in a double-slit interference experiment.The ground glass plate induces random phase differences between light beams of different wavelengths passing through it.This initial random phase difference significantly influences the high-order intensity correlation functions of multi-wavelength thermal beams.Experimentally,second-order correlated interference patterns,including subwavelength interference,of pseudothermal beams with different wavelengths are observed in the intensity correlation measurements.This method facilitates applications of correlated thermal photons in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32494793).
文摘Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1306700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330006,32150007,31825004,32200229,32170247)+1 种基金the Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023DFT005to H.L.)the research fund from the Synthetic Biology Research Center of Shenzhen University。
文摘Cryptochromes(CRYs)are photolyase-like bluelight receptors originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis)and have since been identified across diverse evolutionary lineages.Cryptochromes not only transduce blue-light cues to the circadian clock but also maintain the temperature compensation of circadian clock.However,the precise mechanism by which CRYs integrate blue light signals into the circadian clock in Arabidopsis is still under investigation.This study revealed that,when blue light was filtered out from white light,the circadian period length in Col-0 was extended,but not in the cry1 cry2double mutant.This indicates that both blue light and CRYs are crucial for regulating the circadian rhythm.Furthermore,we discovered that CRY2 interacted with PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR 5(PRR5),a key component of the circadian clock under blue light,which suppressed PRR5's transcriptional inhibition ability on CCA1 and LHY.These findings illuminate the pathway through which blue light influences the circadian clock via the CRY2-PRR5 module.
基金supported by the Financial Supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51508056,52370030 and 42007352)the Chongqing Postgraduate Joint Training Base Project(No.JDLHPYJD2022005)the special fund of Henan Key Labora-tory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology(No.CJSZ2024001).
文摘This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degradation.The synergistic process achieved complete ATZ removal within 60 min under near-neutral pH(6.9),outperform-ing individual Fenton-like(39%)and photocatalytic(24%)processes.Key factors influencing the degradation efficiency included light sources(UV>visible),pH(optimal at 6.9),catalyst dosage(0.01 g Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)),and PMS:ATZ molar ratio(1:2).The system exhibited a synergistic coefficient of 5.03(degradation)and 1.97(miner-alization),attributed to enhanced radical generation and accelerated Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)redox cycling through photoin-duced electron transfer.Intermediate analysis revealed dealkylation,dechlorination,and oxidation pathways,with reduced toxicity of by-products(e.g.,CEAT,CIAT)confirmed by ecotoxicity assessments.The mineralization efficiency(Vis-Photo+Fenton-like)reached 83.1%,significantly higher than that of standalone processes(Fenton-like:43.2%;photocatalysis:30.5%).The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability(nearly 90%recov-ery,<1μg/L Co leaching)and practical applicability.This study provides an efficient,sludge-free,and solar-compatible strategy for eliminating persistent herbicides in water treatment.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Plan (20240101029JJ) for the following study:synchronized high-speed detection of surface shape and defects in the grinding stage of complex surfaces (KLMSZZ202305)for the high-precision wide dynamic large aperture optical inspection system for fine astronomical observation by the National Major Research Instrument Development Project (62127901)+2 种基金for ultrasmooth manufacturing technology of large diameter complex curved surface by the National Key R&D Program(2022YFB3403405)for research on the key technology of rapid synchronous detection of surface shape and subsurface defects in the grinding stage of large diameter complex surfaces by the International Cooperation Project(2025010157)The Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022KLOMT02-04) also supported this study
文摘To address the challenges of high-precision optical surface defect detection,we propose a novel design for a wide-field and broadband light field camera in this work.The proposed system can achieve a 50°field of view and operates at both visible and near-infrared wavelengths.Using the principles of light field imaging,the proposed design enables 3D reconstruction of optical surfaces,thus enabling vertical surface height measurements with enhanced accuracy.Using Zemax-based simulations,we evaluate the system’s modulation transfer function,its optical aberrations,and its tolerance to shape variations through Zernike coefficient adjustments.The results demonstrate that this camera can achieve the required spatial resolution while also maintaining high imaging quality and thus offers a promising solution for advanced optical surface defect inspection.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.IPP:172-830-2025.
文摘Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection models often exhibit significant performance degradation in real-world environments characterized by high dynamic range and complex lighting conditions.To overcome these limitations,this research presents FED-YOLOv10s,an improved and lightweight object detection framework based on You Only look Once v10(YOLOv10).The proposed model integrates a C2f-Faster block derived from FasterNet to reduce parameters and floating-point operations,an Efficient Multiscale Attention(EMA)mechanism to improve TSL-invariant feature extraction,and a deformable Convolution Networks v4(DCNv4)module to enhance multiscale spatial adaptability.Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal balance between computational efficiency and detection accuracy,attaining an F1-score of 91.8%,and mAP@0.5 of 95.1%,while reducing parameters to 8.13 million.Comparative analyses across multiple traffic sign detection benchmarks demonstrate that FED-YOLOv10s outperforms state-of-the-art models in precision,recall,and mAP.These results highlight FED-YOLOv10s as a robust,efficient,and deployable solution for intelligent traffic perception in ADS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF1001504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071963)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300902)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program of China (GuikeAB23026107)the Chengdu Science and Technology Project,China (2023-YF08-00003-SN)。
文摘Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.
基金funded by the Key Laboratory of Geological Safety of Coastal Urban Underground Space,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(Grant No.BHKF2022Y02)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2024A1515011162)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2024QE021).
文摘Traditional mining in open pit mines often uses explosives,leading to environmental hazards,with flyrock being a critical issue.In detail,excess flying rock beyond the designated explosion area was identified as the primary cause of fatal and non-fatal blasting hazards in open pit mining.Therefore,the accurate and reliable prediction of flyrock becomes crucial for effectively managing and mitigating associated problems.This study used the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)model to predict flyrock in a lead-zinc mine,with promising results.To improve its accuracy,multi-verse optimizer(MVO)and ant lion optimizer(ALO)metaheuristic algorithms were introduced.Results showed MVO-LightGBM outperformed conventional LightGBM.Additionally,decision tree(DT),support vector machine(SVM),and classification and regression tree(CART)models were trained and compared with MVO-LightGBM.The MVO-LightGBM model excelled over DT,SVM,and CART.This study highlights MVO-LightGBM's effectiveness and potential for broader applications.Furthermore,a multiple parametric sensitivity analysis(MPSA)algorithm was employed to specify the sensitivity of parameters.MPSA results indicated that the highest and lowest sensitivities are relevant to blasted rock per hole and spacing with theγ=1752.12 andγ=49.52,respectively.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Project,China(2025CSA039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001467)。
文摘Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.
文摘CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].
文摘Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].
