The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concen...The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.展开更多
The article is devoted to the study of the immunomodulating activity of rectal suppositories with an extract of licorice root and essential oils of chamomile and tea tree. Taking into account that medicine is intended...The article is devoted to the study of the immunomodulating activity of rectal suppositories with an extract of licorice root and essential oils of chamomile and tea tree. Taking into account that medicine is intended and prescribed for children, all the experiments were performed on immature nonlinear one-month rats with weight of 60.0-80.0 g. As a result, it was found out that rectal insertion of suppositories with an extract of licorice root causes an increase in the phagocytic function of neutrophils and increases the quantity of antibodies in the spleen and titers of hemagglutinins and hemolysins in serum, that indicating on the activation of nonspecific and humoral immunity of immature animals. Moreover, the prospects of possible application of suppositories with an extract of licorice root are showed for prevention and treatment of various immunodependent diseases, viral in particular.展开更多
A pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis （PMAH） technique has been developed for hydrolyzing the crude glycyrrhizic acid （GA） extracted from licorice root to prepare glycyrrhetinic acid （GRA）. In order to optim...A pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis （PMAH） technique has been developed for hydrolyzing the crude glycyrrhizic acid （GA） extracted from licorice root to prepare glycyrrhetinic acid （GRA）. In order to optimize the efficiency of PMAH, several experimental parameters were investigated, including liquid-solid ratio, hydrolysis time, sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature. The optimized hydrolysis conditions were as follows：pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis of crude GA for 21 min （taking 15 min to reach 150 ℃, and holding it for 6 rain） at 150 ℃ （at a radiation power of 450 W） in 3%-5% sulfuric acid solution with the liquid-solid （ml.g-1 crude GA） ratio of 25 ： 1. As a result of the considerable saving in time and higher product yields （up to 90%）, PMAH was proved more effective than conventional methods.展开更多
Objective:To develop a simple sensitive high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)-densitometric method for quantification of glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhiza glabra root methanol extract and licorice root capsu...Objective:To develop a simple sensitive high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)-densitometric method for quantification of glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhiza glabra root methanol extract and licorice root capsule methanol extract.Methods:Chromatography was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with the green solvents ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid:methanol:water in proportion of 6:2:1:0.5,v/v/v/v as mobile phase.Scanning and quantification of developed plate was done densitometrically at 254 nm.The method was validated for detection and quantification limits,precision,recovery and robustness according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.Results:The system gave compact spot for glycyrrhizin(R_(f)=0.280±0.001).The regression curve of standard was found to be Y=4.213x+22.078.The limit of detection(15.7 ng per band),limit of quantification(47.1 ng per band),recovery(99.4%-99.8%)and precision(≤1.62%and≤1.84%;intraday and interday)were satisfactory for glycyrrhizin.Linearity range for glycyrrhizin was 20-200 ng(r^(2)=0.996).The content of glycyrrhizin was estimated as 5.9%and 11.2%w/w in glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhiza glabra root methanol extract and licorice root capsule methanol extract,respectively.Conclusions:This estimation technique is very much useful for the estimation of glycyrrhizin present in various formulations as well as for quality control of crude drugs containing glycyrrhizin.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29836130).
文摘The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.
文摘The article is devoted to the study of the immunomodulating activity of rectal suppositories with an extract of licorice root and essential oils of chamomile and tea tree. Taking into account that medicine is intended and prescribed for children, all the experiments were performed on immature nonlinear one-month rats with weight of 60.0-80.0 g. As a result, it was found out that rectal insertion of suppositories with an extract of licorice root causes an increase in the phagocytic function of neutrophils and increases the quantity of antibodies in the spleen and titers of hemagglutinins and hemolysins in serum, that indicating on the activation of nonspecific and humoral immunity of immature animals. Moreover, the prospects of possible application of suppositories with an extract of licorice root are showed for prevention and treatment of various immunodependent diseases, viral in particular.
基金Supported by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Key Foundation (07Z10311)
文摘A pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis （PMAH） technique has been developed for hydrolyzing the crude glycyrrhizic acid （GA） extracted from licorice root to prepare glycyrrhetinic acid （GRA）. In order to optimize the efficiency of PMAH, several experimental parameters were investigated, including liquid-solid ratio, hydrolysis time, sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature. The optimized hydrolysis conditions were as follows：pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis of crude GA for 21 min （taking 15 min to reach 150 ℃, and holding it for 6 rain） at 150 ℃ （at a radiation power of 450 W） in 3%-5% sulfuric acid solution with the liquid-solid （ml.g-1 crude GA） ratio of 25 ： 1. As a result of the considerable saving in time and higher product yields （up to 90%）, PMAH was proved more effective than conventional methods.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Research in King Saud University(Grant No.RGP-VPP-150).
文摘Objective:To develop a simple sensitive high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)-densitometric method for quantification of glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhiza glabra root methanol extract and licorice root capsule methanol extract.Methods:Chromatography was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with the green solvents ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid:methanol:water in proportion of 6:2:1:0.5,v/v/v/v as mobile phase.Scanning and quantification of developed plate was done densitometrically at 254 nm.The method was validated for detection and quantification limits,precision,recovery and robustness according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.Results:The system gave compact spot for glycyrrhizin(R_(f)=0.280±0.001).The regression curve of standard was found to be Y=4.213x+22.078.The limit of detection(15.7 ng per band),limit of quantification(47.1 ng per band),recovery(99.4%-99.8%)and precision(≤1.62%and≤1.84%;intraday and interday)were satisfactory for glycyrrhizin.Linearity range for glycyrrhizin was 20-200 ng(r^(2)=0.996).The content of glycyrrhizin was estimated as 5.9%and 11.2%w/w in glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhiza glabra root methanol extract and licorice root capsule methanol extract,respectively.Conclusions:This estimation technique is very much useful for the estimation of glycyrrhizin present in various formulations as well as for quality control of crude drugs containing glycyrrhizin.
