Objective:To assess the effect of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)in libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,endocrinological and heamatological profiles of Ganjam goat buck during winter and pre-monsoo...Objective:To assess the effect of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)in libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,endocrinological and heamatological profiles of Ganjam goat buck during winter and pre-monsoon seasons.Methods:Forty eight healty Ganjam goat bucks of 3-4 years old were equally divided into the control and treatment groups.The control group received distilled water as placebo,while the treatment group received GnRH injection(4μg Buserelin acetate/mL)once a week for four months.Body weight,scrotal circumference and testicular parameters(testicular volume,testicular weight and testis index),endocrinological profiles[follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and testosterone],sex behavioural profiles(libido score,mating ability score,and sex behavioural score)and heamatological profiles(red blood cells,white blood cells,haemoglobin,and packed cell volume)were estimated.Results:The libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,and endocrinological profiles significantly differed between the control and GnRH-treated bucks within and between the seasons within the two groups(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cells,haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the GnRH-treated bucks compared to the control bucks in pre-monsoon and winter seasons(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cell counts(in treatment),and haemoglobin were significantly higher in pre-monsoon compared to winter season in the experimental groups(P<0.05).The white blood cell counts neither differed between seasons nor between the two groups.Conclusions:Exogenous GnRH supplementation and pre-monsoon season have higher beneficial effects in improvement of endocrinological profiles with cascading beneficial effects on scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,and sex behavioural profiles,which in turn will improve the sperm production and its cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Ganjam goat.展开更多
The failure of testicular descent (cryptorchidism) is known to cause abnormal testicular development and function. Unilateral cryptorchidism is prevalent in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats particularly in some areas wh...The failure of testicular descent (cryptorchidism) is known to cause abnormal testicular development and function. Unilateral cryptorchidism is prevalent in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats particularly in some areas where affected bucks are presumed to have better libido and reproductive efficiency by farmers. Androgens produced by the testes can influence libido and other hormonal and metabolic processes in the body. The study investigated the influence of natural unilateral cryptorchidism on serum reproductive hormones, total protein, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and haematology and libido in WAD bucks. Ten WAD bucks (aged 12 - 14 months) comprising 5 bucks with normal descended testes (N group) and 5 unilaterally-cryptorchid bucks (UC group) were studied. Blood and sera were collected and evaluated for haematology, serum total proteins and lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins) concentrations, serum oxidative stress (catalase and lipid peroxidation activity), and serum levels of reproductive hormones (testosterone, FSH and LH). Libido testing of bucks was also performed by randomly isolating and confining each individual male with a doe on standing heat and recording the number of mountings made by the male within a period of 5 minutes as the libido score. The evaluated haematological indices and serum levels of proteins, lipids, oxidative stress indicators and reproductive hormones were not significantly different between the N and UC groups (p > 0.05). Although a higher mean libido score was recorded in N bucks compared to the UC group, this difference was not significant. Whereas no negative effects were observed in the evaluated physiologic indices in UC bucks, these findings do not support the presumption by farmers that UC bucks have better libido than bucks with fully descended testes. Therefore, these animals should not be selected for breeding to avoid increasing the prevalence of unilateral cryptorchidism due to its genetic attribute.展开更多
The Libido for the Ugly is an impressionistic essay written by H.L Mencken.In this writing,the author has strongly expressed his impression on the town he witnessed in his tour by using a lot of rhetoric words.The pap...The Libido for the Ugly is an impressionistic essay written by H.L Mencken.In this writing,the author has strongly expressed his impression on the town he witnessed in his tour by using a lot of rhetoric words.The paper is aimed at analysing the text from the perspec tive of both impressionism and rhetoric devices in order to present a clear picture of writer's intention and purpose in his writing to the readers as well as to point out the importance of the style and discoure employed by the writer.展开更多
Background： There were few studies on the relation between changes in libido and incidence of stroke recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between libido decrease at 2 weeks after stro...Background： There were few studies on the relation between changes in libido and incidence of stroke recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between libido decrease at 2 weeks after stroke and recurrent stroke at 1-year. Methods： It is a multi-centered, prospective cohort study. The 14th item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used to evaluate changes of libido in poststroke patients at 2 weeks. Stroke recurrence was defined as an aggravation of former neurological functional deficit, new local or overall symptoms, or stroke diagnosed at re-admission. Results： Among 2341 enrolled patients, 1757 patients had completed follow-up data, 533 （30.34%） patients had decreased libido at 2 weeks, and 166 （9.45%） patients had recurrent stroke at l-year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with patients with normal libido, the odds ratio （OR） of recurrent stroke in patients with decreased libido was reduced by 4 l% （OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.40-0.87）. The correlation was more prominent among male patients （OR = 0.52, 95% CI： 0.31 0.85） and patients of≥60 years of age （OR = 0.57, 95% CI： 0.35-0.93）. Conclusions： One out of three stroke patients in China's Mainland has decreased libido at 2 weeks after stroke. Decreased libido is a protective factor for stroke recurrence at 1-year, which is more prominent among older male patients.展开更多
Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore...Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, Bio Med Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, Pub Med Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Terminalia catappa Linn. seeds using a suspension of its kernel (SS)in 1% methyl cellulose in rats. Methods: Male rots were orally treated with 1500 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg SS...Aim: To evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Terminalia catappa Linn. seeds using a suspension of its kernel (SS)in 1% methyl cellulose in rats. Methods: Male rots were orally treated with 1500 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg SS or ve-hicle, and their sexual behaviour was monitored 3 h later using a receptive female. Another group of rats was orallytreated with either 3000 mg/kg SS or vehicle for 7 consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluatedon days 1, 4 and 7 of treatment and day 7 post-treatment by pairing overnight with a pro-oestrous female. Results:The 1500 mg/kg dose, had a marked aphrodisiac action (prolongation of ejaculation latency) but no effect on libido(% mounting, % intromission and % ejaculation), sexual vigour (mounting-and-intromission frequency), or sexualperformance (intercopulatory interval). In contrast, the higher dose (3000 mg/kg) reversibly inhibited all the para?e-ten of sexual behaviour other than mounting-and-intromission frequency and copulatory efficiency. The effects of highdose SS were not due to general toxicity, liver toxicity, haemotoxicity, stress, muscle deficiency, muscle incoordina-fion, analgesia, hypoglycaemia or reduction in blood testosterone level. They were due to marked sedation. Conclu-sion: The kernel of T. catappa seeds has aphrodisiac activity and may be useful in the treatment of certain forms ofsexual inadequacies, such as premature ejaculation.展开更多
Aim: To examine the effect of L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on reproductive function ofmale rats. Methods: Male rats were gavaged with either L-arginine (100 or 200 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-...Aim: To examine the effect of L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on reproductive function ofmale rats. Methods: Male rats were gavaged with either L-arginine (100 or 200 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)), D-arginine (200mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for seven consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluat-ed using receptive females. Results: L-arginine (200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on sexual competence (interms of sexual arousal, libido, sexual vigour and sexual performance). In mating experiments, the higher dose of L-arginine effectively and reversibly inhibited fertility, whilst the lower dose and the inactive stereoisomer D-arginine hadno significant effect. The antifertility effect caused by L-arginine was due to a profound elevation in the preimplantationloss mediated possibly by impairment in epididymal sperm maturation, hyperactivated sperm motility and sperm capaci-tation. Conclusion: Elevated NO production may be detrimental to male fertility.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the effect of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)in libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,endocrinological and heamatological profiles of Ganjam goat buck during winter and pre-monsoon seasons.Methods:Forty eight healty Ganjam goat bucks of 3-4 years old were equally divided into the control and treatment groups.The control group received distilled water as placebo,while the treatment group received GnRH injection(4μg Buserelin acetate/mL)once a week for four months.Body weight,scrotal circumference and testicular parameters(testicular volume,testicular weight and testis index),endocrinological profiles[follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and testosterone],sex behavioural profiles(libido score,mating ability score,and sex behavioural score)and heamatological profiles(red blood cells,white blood cells,haemoglobin,and packed cell volume)were estimated.Results:The libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,and endocrinological profiles significantly differed between the control and GnRH-treated bucks within and between the seasons within the two groups(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cells,haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the GnRH-treated bucks compared to the control bucks in pre-monsoon and winter seasons(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cell counts(in treatment),and haemoglobin were significantly higher in pre-monsoon compared to winter season in the experimental groups(P<0.05).The white blood cell counts neither differed between seasons nor between the two groups.Conclusions:Exogenous GnRH supplementation and pre-monsoon season have higher beneficial effects in improvement of endocrinological profiles with cascading beneficial effects on scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,and sex behavioural profiles,which in turn will improve the sperm production and its cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Ganjam goat.
文摘The failure of testicular descent (cryptorchidism) is known to cause abnormal testicular development and function. Unilateral cryptorchidism is prevalent in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats particularly in some areas where affected bucks are presumed to have better libido and reproductive efficiency by farmers. Androgens produced by the testes can influence libido and other hormonal and metabolic processes in the body. The study investigated the influence of natural unilateral cryptorchidism on serum reproductive hormones, total protein, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and haematology and libido in WAD bucks. Ten WAD bucks (aged 12 - 14 months) comprising 5 bucks with normal descended testes (N group) and 5 unilaterally-cryptorchid bucks (UC group) were studied. Blood and sera were collected and evaluated for haematology, serum total proteins and lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins) concentrations, serum oxidative stress (catalase and lipid peroxidation activity), and serum levels of reproductive hormones (testosterone, FSH and LH). Libido testing of bucks was also performed by randomly isolating and confining each individual male with a doe on standing heat and recording the number of mountings made by the male within a period of 5 minutes as the libido score. The evaluated haematological indices and serum levels of proteins, lipids, oxidative stress indicators and reproductive hormones were not significantly different between the N and UC groups (p > 0.05). Although a higher mean libido score was recorded in N bucks compared to the UC group, this difference was not significant. Whereas no negative effects were observed in the evaluated physiologic indices in UC bucks, these findings do not support the presumption by farmers that UC bucks have better libido than bucks with fully descended testes. Therefore, these animals should not be selected for breeding to avoid increasing the prevalence of unilateral cryptorchidism due to its genetic attribute.
文摘The Libido for the Ugly is an impressionistic essay written by H.L Mencken.In this writing,the author has strongly expressed his impression on the town he witnessed in his tour by using a lot of rhetoric words.The paper is aimed at analysing the text from the perspec tive of both impressionism and rhetoric devices in order to present a clear picture of writer's intention and purpose in his writing to the readers as well as to point out the importance of the style and discoure employed by the writer.
基金This study was funded jointly by the Beijing Science and Technology Committee （grant no. 7102050）, the National Science Foundation （grant no. 81071115）, the Young Scientists Fund of the Beijing Health Bureau （grant no. 2009-009）, and the National 1 lth 5-year Scientific and Technological Brainstorm Project （grant no. 2006BA101A 11）. This study was also supported by Pfizer Pharmaceutical Company. The funders had no roles in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest： None declared.
文摘Background： There were few studies on the relation between changes in libido and incidence of stroke recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between libido decrease at 2 weeks after stroke and recurrent stroke at 1-year. Methods： It is a multi-centered, prospective cohort study. The 14th item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used to evaluate changes of libido in poststroke patients at 2 weeks. Stroke recurrence was defined as an aggravation of former neurological functional deficit, new local or overall symptoms, or stroke diagnosed at re-admission. Results： Among 2341 enrolled patients, 1757 patients had completed follow-up data, 533 （30.34%） patients had decreased libido at 2 weeks, and 166 （9.45%） patients had recurrent stroke at l-year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with patients with normal libido, the odds ratio （OR） of recurrent stroke in patients with decreased libido was reduced by 4 l% （OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.40-0.87）. The correlation was more prominent among male patients （OR = 0.52, 95% CI： 0.31 0.85） and patients of≥60 years of age （OR = 0.57, 95% CI： 0.35-0.93）. Conclusions： One out of three stroke patients in China's Mainland has decreased libido at 2 weeks after stroke. Decreased libido is a protective factor for stroke recurrence at 1-year, which is more prominent among older male patients.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture for providing New Application for Herbal Research Grant Scheme(NRGS)(No.NH1014D040)
文摘Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, Bio Med Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, Pub Med Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Terminalia catappa Linn. seeds using a suspension of its kernel (SS)in 1% methyl cellulose in rats. Methods: Male rots were orally treated with 1500 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg SS or ve-hicle, and their sexual behaviour was monitored 3 h later using a receptive female. Another group of rats was orallytreated with either 3000 mg/kg SS or vehicle for 7 consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluatedon days 1, 4 and 7 of treatment and day 7 post-treatment by pairing overnight with a pro-oestrous female. Results:The 1500 mg/kg dose, had a marked aphrodisiac action (prolongation of ejaculation latency) but no effect on libido(% mounting, % intromission and % ejaculation), sexual vigour (mounting-and-intromission frequency), or sexualperformance (intercopulatory interval). In contrast, the higher dose (3000 mg/kg) reversibly inhibited all the para?e-ten of sexual behaviour other than mounting-and-intromission frequency and copulatory efficiency. The effects of highdose SS were not due to general toxicity, liver toxicity, haemotoxicity, stress, muscle deficiency, muscle incoordina-fion, analgesia, hypoglycaemia or reduction in blood testosterone level. They were due to marked sedation. Conclu-sion: The kernel of T. catappa seeds has aphrodisiac activity and may be useful in the treatment of certain forms ofsexual inadequacies, such as premature ejaculation.
文摘Aim: To examine the effect of L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on reproductive function ofmale rats. Methods: Male rats were gavaged with either L-arginine (100 or 200 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)), D-arginine (200mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for seven consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluat-ed using receptive females. Results: L-arginine (200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on sexual competence (interms of sexual arousal, libido, sexual vigour and sexual performance). In mating experiments, the higher dose of L-arginine effectively and reversibly inhibited fertility, whilst the lower dose and the inactive stereoisomer D-arginine hadno significant effect. The antifertility effect caused by L-arginine was due to a profound elevation in the preimplantationloss mediated possibly by impairment in epididymal sperm maturation, hyperactivated sperm motility and sperm capaci-tation. Conclusion: Elevated NO production may be detrimental to male fertility.
