In this paper, we present the analytical solution for the model that describes the interaction between a three-level atom and two systems of N-two level atoms. The effects of the quantum numbers and the coupling param...In this paper, we present the analytical solution for the model that describes the interaction between a three-level atom and two systems of N-two level atoms. The effects of the quantum numbers and the coupling parameters between spins on the Pancharatnam phase and the atomic inversion, for some special cases of the initial states, are investigated. The comparison between the two effects shows that the analytic results are well consistent.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the association between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) by measurement of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). METHODS: The serum level of IgG4 was measured in 61 ...AIM: To investigate the association between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) by measurement of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). METHODS: The serum level of IgG4 was measured in 61 patients with SAIDs of different types who had not yet participated in glucocorticosteroid treatment. Patients with an elevated IgG4 level were examined by abdominal ultrasonography (US) and, in some cases, by computer tomography (CT). RESULTS: Elevated serum IgG4 levels (919 ± 996 mg/L) were detected in 17 (28%) of the 61 SAID patients. 10 patients had Sj gren's syndrome (SS) (IgG4: 590 ± 232 mg/L), 2 of them in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 7 patients (IgG4: 1388 ± 985.5 mg/L) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The IgG4 level in the SLE patients and that in patients with SS were not significantly different from that in AIP patients (783 ± 522 mg/L). Abdominal US and CT did not reveal any characteristic features of AIP among the SAID patients with an elevated IgG4 level. CONCLUSION: The serum IgG4 level may be elevated in SAIDs without the presence of AIP. The determination of serum IgG4 does not seem to be suitable for the differentiation between IgG4-related diseases and SAIDs.展开更多
Numerous Internet security incidents have shown that support from secure operating systems is paramount to fighting threats posed by modern computing environments.Based on the requirements of the relevant national and...Numerous Internet security incidents have shown that support from secure operating systems is paramount to fighting threats posed by modern computing environments.Based on the requirements of the relevant national and international standards and criteria,in combination with our experience in the design and development of the ANSHENG v4.0 secure operating system with high security level(hereafter simply referred to as ANSHENG OS),this paper addresses the following key issues in the design of secure operating systems with high security levels:security architecture,security policy models,and covert channel analysis.The design principles of security architecture and three basic security models:confidentiality,integrity,and privilege control models are discussed,respectively.Three novel security models and new security architecture are proposed.The prominent features of these proposals,as well as their applications to the ANSHENG OS,are elaborated.Cover channel analysis(CCA)is a well-known hard problem in the design of secure operating systems with high security levels since to date it lacks a sound theoretical basis and systematic analysis approach.In order to resolve the fundamental difficulties of CCA,we have set up a sound theoretical basis for completeness of covert channel identification and have proposed a unified framework for covert channel identification and an efficient backward tracking search method.The successful application of our new proposals to the ANSHENG OS has shown that it can help ease and speedup the entire CCA process.展开更多
The multi-analysis modeling of a complex system is the act of building a family of models which allows to cover a large spectrum of analysis methods(such as simulation,formal methods,enactment,...)that can be performe...The multi-analysis modeling of a complex system is the act of building a family of models which allows to cover a large spectrum of analysis methods(such as simulation,formal methods,enactment,...)that can be performed to derive various properties of this system.The High-Level Language for Systems Specification(HiLLS)has recently been introduced as a graphical language for discrete event simulation,with potential for other types of analysis,like enactment for rapid system prototyping.HiLLS defines an automata language that also opens the way to formal verification.This paper provides the building blocks for such a feature.That way,a unique model can be used not only to perform both simulation and enactment experiments but also to allow the logical analysis of properties without running any experiment.Therefore,it saves from the effort of building three different analysis-specific models and the need to align them semantically.展开更多
Self-propelled maize harvesters are prone to overturning when operating on sloping ground.Solving this problem presents a major technical challenge for researchers.Existing undercarriage leveling technologies are most...Self-propelled maize harvesters are prone to overturning when operating on sloping ground.Solving this problem presents a major technical challenge for researchers.Existing undercarriage leveling technologies are mostly single leveling mechanisms and have a small adjustable angle.A chassis attitude adjustment device has been developed to increase the flexibility of the harvester to slope terrain.The device is made up of a double leveling mechanism and a leveling control system,and it is used to regulate the lateral and longitudinal attitude of the harvester while it is operating.To maintain the attitude of the fuselage within the desired range,the leveling control system regulates the amount of hydraulic cylinder expansion and contraction.The kinematic analysis of the leveling mechanism was done using the vector approach,and the device can be adjusted for lateral and longitudinal inclination between-10°and 17°,and-43.1°and 43.1°,respectively.According to the findings of the static tests,the chassis attitude adjustment device can level the fuselage in four tilt attitudes-10°uphill,17°downhill,25°sideways slope forward,and 25°sideways slope return-with a maximum leveling error of 0.37°and the fastest leveling rate of 0.233 s/(°).For the purpose of evaluating the chassis attitude adjustment performance in the field tests,the tilt inclination of the fuselage was selected as an assessment indicator.The body tilt of the harvester ranged from 0.13°to 1.81°at a harvester speed of 2.5 km/h,with an average body tilt angle of 0.78°,showing that the undercarriage attitude adjustment system was capable of actively leveling the maize harvester attitude.This study enabled the dynamic equilibrium for the maize harvester,which can act as an upstream technology for the design of slope travel devices.展开更多
Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature...Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature has established standards for improving main OR efficiency,further research is needed in labour and delivery(L&D)units.Therefore,we aimed to identify the barriers to ontime case starts in L&D ORs and to develop interventions to reduce OR case delays.Methods This quality improvement study was conducted at a safety-net hospital,where the average FCOTS was 12%before our initiative.Starting in November 2022,a multidisciplinary team was formed,including representatives from quality,obstetrics,anaesthesiology,nursing and scheduling.We developed failure modes and effects analysis,process mapping and interventions using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement,testing them through rapid Plan-Do-StudyAct cycles.We used Montgomery rules with statistical process control charts to measure statistically significant changes in both outcome and process measures.Results Contributors to the delays at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified.Interventions targeting structure,process,team members and patient engagement were implemented from December 2022 through December 2023.A 41%increase in the average percentage of on-time first cases compared with the baseline(12%)was observed,based on data collected from August 2022 through November 2022 to postintervention(53%),and this improvement was sustained for 4 months.Additionally,a 69%decrease in the average case delay in minutes from baseline(178 min)was noted 6 months after project initiation(55 min).Conclusions Interventions at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified and implemented,effectively increasing OR on-time case starts on L&D.These can be used in other L&D units to improve FCOTS.展开更多
Contemporary system maturity assessment approaches have failed to provide robust quantitative system evaluations resulting in increased program costs and developmental risks.Standard assessment metrics,such as Technol...Contemporary system maturity assessment approaches have failed to provide robust quantitative system evaluations resulting in increased program costs and developmental risks.Standard assessment metrics,such as Technology Readiness Levels（TRL）,do not sufficiently evaluate increasingly complex systems.The System Readiness Level（SRL）is a newly developed system development metric that is a mathematical function of TRL and Integration Readiness Level（IRL） values for the components and connections of a particular system.SRL acceptance has been hindered because of concerns over SRL mathematical operations that may lead to inaccurate system readiness assessments.These inaccurate system readiness assessments are called readiness reversals.A new SRL calculation method using incidence matrices is proposed to alleviate these mathematical concerns.The presence of SRL readiness reversal is modeled for four SRL calculation methods across several system configurations.Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that the proposed Incidence Matrix SRL（IMSRL）method has a decreased presence of readiness reversal than other approaches suggested in the literature.Viable SRL methods will foster greater SRL adoption by systems engineering professionals and will support system development risk reduction goals.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we present the analytical solution for the model that describes the interaction between a three-level atom and two systems of N-two level atoms. The effects of the quantum numbers and the coupling parameters between spins on the Pancharatnam phase and the atomic inversion, for some special cases of the initial states, are investigated. The comparison between the two effects shows that the analytic results are well consistent.
基金Supported by Grants TáMOP-4.2.1./B-09/1/KONV and 4.2.2-08/1-2008-0002 (partly)
文摘AIM: To investigate the association between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) by measurement of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). METHODS: The serum level of IgG4 was measured in 61 patients with SAIDs of different types who had not yet participated in glucocorticosteroid treatment. Patients with an elevated IgG4 level were examined by abdominal ultrasonography (US) and, in some cases, by computer tomography (CT). RESULTS: Elevated serum IgG4 levels (919 ± 996 mg/L) were detected in 17 (28%) of the 61 SAID patients. 10 patients had Sj gren's syndrome (SS) (IgG4: 590 ± 232 mg/L), 2 of them in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 7 patients (IgG4: 1388 ± 985.5 mg/L) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The IgG4 level in the SLE patients and that in patients with SS were not significantly different from that in AIP patients (783 ± 522 mg/L). Abdominal US and CT did not reveal any characteristic features of AIP among the SAID patients with an elevated IgG4 level. CONCLUSION: The serum IgG4 level may be elevated in SAIDs without the presence of AIP. The determination of serum IgG4 does not seem to be suitable for the differentiation between IgG4-related diseases and SAIDs.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.4052016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60573042)the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China(Grant No.G1999035802)
文摘Numerous Internet security incidents have shown that support from secure operating systems is paramount to fighting threats posed by modern computing environments.Based on the requirements of the relevant national and international standards and criteria,in combination with our experience in the design and development of the ANSHENG v4.0 secure operating system with high security level(hereafter simply referred to as ANSHENG OS),this paper addresses the following key issues in the design of secure operating systems with high security levels:security architecture,security policy models,and covert channel analysis.The design principles of security architecture and three basic security models:confidentiality,integrity,and privilege control models are discussed,respectively.Three novel security models and new security architecture are proposed.The prominent features of these proposals,as well as their applications to the ANSHENG OS,are elaborated.Cover channel analysis(CCA)is a well-known hard problem in the design of secure operating systems with high security levels since to date it lacks a sound theoretical basis and systematic analysis approach.In order to resolve the fundamental difficulties of CCA,we have set up a sound theoretical basis for completeness of covert channel identification and have proposed a unified framework for covert channel identification and an efficient backward tracking search method.The successful application of our new proposals to the ANSHENG OS has shown that it can help ease and speedup the entire CCA process.
基金This work has been supported by the 2017 PAMI Travel Grantthe 2019 AUST/AfDB Special Grant.
文摘The multi-analysis modeling of a complex system is the act of building a family of models which allows to cover a large spectrum of analysis methods(such as simulation,formal methods,enactment,...)that can be performed to derive various properties of this system.The High-Level Language for Systems Specification(HiLLS)has recently been introduced as a graphical language for discrete event simulation,with potential for other types of analysis,like enactment for rapid system prototyping.HiLLS defines an automata language that also opens the way to formal verification.This paper provides the building blocks for such a feature.That way,a unique model can be used not only to perform both simulation and enactment experiments but also to allow the logical analysis of properties without running any experiment.Therefore,it saves from the effort of building three different analysis-specific models and the need to align them semantically.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1500701)the Jilin Science and Technology Development Plan(Grant Nos.20210202019NC,20220203081SF).
文摘Self-propelled maize harvesters are prone to overturning when operating on sloping ground.Solving this problem presents a major technical challenge for researchers.Existing undercarriage leveling technologies are mostly single leveling mechanisms and have a small adjustable angle.A chassis attitude adjustment device has been developed to increase the flexibility of the harvester to slope terrain.The device is made up of a double leveling mechanism and a leveling control system,and it is used to regulate the lateral and longitudinal attitude of the harvester while it is operating.To maintain the attitude of the fuselage within the desired range,the leveling control system regulates the amount of hydraulic cylinder expansion and contraction.The kinematic analysis of the leveling mechanism was done using the vector approach,and the device can be adjusted for lateral and longitudinal inclination between-10°and 17°,and-43.1°and 43.1°,respectively.According to the findings of the static tests,the chassis attitude adjustment device can level the fuselage in four tilt attitudes-10°uphill,17°downhill,25°sideways slope forward,and 25°sideways slope return-with a maximum leveling error of 0.37°and the fastest leveling rate of 0.233 s/(°).For the purpose of evaluating the chassis attitude adjustment performance in the field tests,the tilt inclination of the fuselage was selected as an assessment indicator.The body tilt of the harvester ranged from 0.13°to 1.81°at a harvester speed of 2.5 km/h,with an average body tilt angle of 0.78°,showing that the undercarriage attitude adjustment system was capable of actively leveling the maize harvester attitude.This study enabled the dynamic equilibrium for the maize harvester,which can act as an upstream technology for the design of slope travel devices.
文摘Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature has established standards for improving main OR efficiency,further research is needed in labour and delivery(L&D)units.Therefore,we aimed to identify the barriers to ontime case starts in L&D ORs and to develop interventions to reduce OR case delays.Methods This quality improvement study was conducted at a safety-net hospital,where the average FCOTS was 12%before our initiative.Starting in November 2022,a multidisciplinary team was formed,including representatives from quality,obstetrics,anaesthesiology,nursing and scheduling.We developed failure modes and effects analysis,process mapping and interventions using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement,testing them through rapid Plan-Do-StudyAct cycles.We used Montgomery rules with statistical process control charts to measure statistically significant changes in both outcome and process measures.Results Contributors to the delays at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified.Interventions targeting structure,process,team members and patient engagement were implemented from December 2022 through December 2023.A 41%increase in the average percentage of on-time first cases compared with the baseline(12%)was observed,based on data collected from August 2022 through November 2022 to postintervention(53%),and this improvement was sustained for 4 months.Additionally,a 69%decrease in the average case delay in minutes from baseline(178 min)was noted 6 months after project initiation(55 min).Conclusions Interventions at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified and implemented,effectively increasing OR on-time case starts on L&D.These can be used in other L&D units to improve FCOTS.
文摘Contemporary system maturity assessment approaches have failed to provide robust quantitative system evaluations resulting in increased program costs and developmental risks.Standard assessment metrics,such as Technology Readiness Levels（TRL）,do not sufficiently evaluate increasingly complex systems.The System Readiness Level（SRL）is a newly developed system development metric that is a mathematical function of TRL and Integration Readiness Level（IRL） values for the components and connections of a particular system.SRL acceptance has been hindered because of concerns over SRL mathematical operations that may lead to inaccurate system readiness assessments.These inaccurate system readiness assessments are called readiness reversals.A new SRL calculation method using incidence matrices is proposed to alleviate these mathematical concerns.The presence of SRL readiness reversal is modeled for four SRL calculation methods across several system configurations.Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that the proposed Incidence Matrix SRL（IMSRL）method has a decreased presence of readiness reversal than other approaches suggested in the literature.Viable SRL methods will foster greater SRL adoption by systems engineering professionals and will support system development risk reduction goals.
