BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
A Level考试素有“英国高考”之称。其制度演进大致经历了发轫与探索、扩张与调适、回归与重塑三个阶段,其主要变革内容包括四个方面:组织形式从年终末考的线性考试模式发展为一年多考的模块化考试,再回归线性考试模式;考试评价从常模...A Level考试素有“英国高考”之称。其制度演进大致经历了发轫与探索、扩张与调适、回归与重塑三个阶段,其主要变革内容包括四个方面:组织形式从年终末考的线性考试模式发展为一年多考的模块化考试,再回归线性考试模式;考试评价从常模参照转变为标准参照,评价手段逐步优化;考试要求从注重学科深度转变为强调知识广度,再发展为追求广度和深度并重;考试内容从偏重学术性转变为普职并重,再发展为职普融通和强调基础学科。变革的动因既有来自外部的国际竞争加剧和国内政党轮替,也有来自内部的文化价值观驱动和考试选才效度追求。A Level考试制度对我国高考改革有一定启发,我国可结合国情,以基础学科为支点、职普融通为路径、多样化的考试选择为依托、预测效度为导向,开展本土化探索。展开更多
Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enh...Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.展开更多
The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the...The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the patterns of change in community R/S ratios during forest succession and their response to moisture levels across broad geographic gradients remains unclear.Based on forest biomass data from a national field inventory of 5,825 plots conducted across China between 2011 and 2015,this study looked into allocating biomass shoots and roots at the early,middle,and late stages of growth in plantations and succession in natural forests,and evaluated how moisture availability influences this allocation.The results revealed a significant decline in R/S ratios from early to late stages for both plantations and natural forests.Shoot and root biomass in plantations grew isometrically during the early and middle succession stages but shifted to allometric growth in the late stage,with the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship differing significantly across growth stages.Natural forests,in contrast,maintained isometric growth across successional stages,showing no significant variation in the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship.Environmental factors,particularly moisture levels,strongly influenced R/S ratios.Moisture levels significantly affected size-corrected R/S ratios,particularly in the middle stage of plantations and the early and middle stages of natural forests,supporting the hypothesis of optimal allocation.These findings suggest that in water-limited regions,forest management should prioritize drought-tolerant,deep-rooted native species,encourage mixed-species planting in the early stage,and reduce logging intensity in mature plantations.Conserving natural forests to maintain successional dynamics is essential for long-term ecological resilience.These findings emphasize the importance of balancing productivity with ecological sustainability by adapting practices to specific environments and forest types under climate change.展开更多
Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that empl...Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that employs machine learning algorithms as the basis for its inference rules.The system comprises four modules:a database,a repository,an inference engine,and an interpreter.A database containing 1114 rockburst cases was used to construct 357 datasets that serve as the repository for the expert system.Additionally,19 types of machine learning algorithms were used to establish 6783 micro-models to construct cognitive rules within the inference engine.By integrating probability theory and marginal analysis,a fuzzy scoring method based on the SoftMax function was developed and applied to the interpreter for rockburst intensity level prediction,effectively restoring the continuity of rockburst characteristics.The research results indicate that ensemble algorithms based on decision trees are more effective in capturing the characteristics of rockburst.Key factors for accurate prediction of rockburst intensity include uniaxial compressive strength,elastic energy index,the maximum principal stress,tangential stress,and their composite indicators.The accuracy of the proposed rockburst intensity level prediction expert system was verified using 20 engineering rockburst cases,with predictions aligning closely with the actual rockburst intensity levels.展开更多
The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has rece...The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has received significant attention in terms of process modelling,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle assessment in recent years.Policy incentives,hydrogen storage and transportation,and water stress levels are key factors that require significantly more consideration in order to realize hydrogen's potential to decarbonize this industry.This review demonstrates the need for a systematic understanding and critical assessment of these areas,and their profound impacts on the decarbonization of the iron and steel sector.Furthermore,hydrogen and water supply face competition from other hard-to-decarbonize sectors,which should be considered on national and regional levels.Lastly,future research should also consider the impact of other environmental factors and hydrogen leak when deploying hydrogen at scale for industrial decarbonization.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain....The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.展开更多
Hainan Province in south China is the country’s second-largest island and the largest free trade port by area.It has entered a historic phase in China’s drive to promote high-level institutional opening up.On 18 Dec...Hainan Province in south China is the country’s second-largest island and the largest free trade port by area.It has entered a historic phase in China’s drive to promote high-level institutional opening up.On 18 December 2025,Hainan officially launched island-wide special customs operations,commonly referred to as“customs closure.”From that date,goods entering or leaving the island,except those traded with the Chinese mainland,are subject to simplified customs procedures and potentially reduced or zero tariffs.展开更多
The original online version of this article was revised:Several errors occurred in the published version of the article.These have now been corrected as follows:Page 2,section"2.2 Laser Texturing Procedure of Sur...The original online version of this article was revised:Several errors occurred in the published version of the article.These have now been corrected as follows:Page 2,section"2.2 Laser Texturing Procedure of Surfaces",line 2:The device name was corrected from"YDFLP-E-50-M8"to"YDFLP-50-M8."Page 3,Section 2.4:The phrase"95%confidence interval"has been corrected to"95%confidence level."Page 3,Figure 1 caption:The phrase"fandg"has been corrected to"f and g."The order"C4 and C12"has been reversed to"C12 and C4,"in accordance with the display order in the figure.Page 4,Figure reference:The phrase"Figs.4c and d"has been corrected to"Figs.5b and c."Page 5,paragraph starting with"The ANOVA results are presented...":The phrase"95%confidence interval"has been corrected to"95%confidence level."展开更多
During 13 to 16 January 2026,with 148 participating nations,rising global relevance and a marked increase in visitor quality,Heimtextil 2026 stood for stability and reliability in a volatile market environment.Once ag...During 13 to 16 January 2026,with 148 participating nations,rising global relevance and a marked increase in visitor quality,Heimtextil 2026 stood for stability and reliability in a volatile market environment.Once again,3,000 exhibitors from across the globe placed their trust in the industry’s central platform in Frankfurt,presenting current collections,materials and textile solutions for holistic interior design to approximately 47,000 buyers.Under the motto“Lead the Change”,Heimtextil brought evolving market dynamics,Artificial Intelligence(AI)and new business opportunities to life.The focus was on progressive design approaches,visionary talents,functional textiles and new hospitality concepts shaping the future of interior design.A tangible sense of confidence and a clear commitment to Heimtextil as a strong industry partner resonated throughout the exhibition halls.展开更多
Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi...Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi-head Self-attention mechan-ism(MSAM-GRU)to simulate GWLs in both confined and unconfined aquifers simultaneously.The model innovatively captures the lag times between GWLs in the unconfined aquifer and precipitation,as well as between GWLs in the confined aquifer and the upper aquifer.We have assessed the effectiveness of the proposed model using a case study in the Beijing Plain,China from January 2005 to December 2020.With the consideration of lag times,the results indicated that the MSAM-GRU model exhibits a maximum 67%and 73%reduction in RMSE compared to the Attention mechanism-GRU(AM-GRU)and GRU model,respectively.MSAM-GRU model exhibited a 31%reduction in RMSE and a 0.12 increase in R^(2) compared to the same model that do not account for lag time.In Region I,the shortest lag time of GWL in the unconfined aquifer was two months,while that in the confined aquifer was three months,indicating a longer delayed response in the confined aquifer.MSAM-GRU model considering lag time,was then applied to simulate the GWLs in the unconfined aquifer under different scenarios and to analyze whether GWL fluctuations affect subway operations.The simulation res-ults showed that under the scenario 1,the GWL in the unconfined aquifer would rise above the depth of subway station floor,threaten-ing the operation of subways.This study can provide reliable technical support for the accurate simulation of GWLs in multi-aquifer systems.展开更多
Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sara...Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.展开更多
Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains rel...Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.展开更多
The devastating Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the Y...The devastating Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county （Qushan town） which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ=88°×[1-exp（-9/h）] with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.展开更多
Cold-rolled thin strip steel of high flatness quality undergoes multistage deformation during tension leveling. Thus, the parameters of set-up and manipulating are more difficult. With the aid of FE code MSC. MARC, th...Cold-rolled thin strip steel of high flatness quality undergoes multistage deformation during tension leveling. Thus, the parameters of set-up and manipulating are more difficult. With the aid of FE code MSC. MARC, the tension leveling process of thin strip steel was numerically simulated. Concentrating on the influence of the roll intermeshes in 2# anti-cambering on the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses in leveled strip steel, several experiments were clone with the tension leveler based on the results from the simulation. It was found from the simulation that the magnitude of longitudinal residual stresses in the cross-section of the leveled strip steel regularly presents obvious interdependence with the roll intermeshes in 2# anti-cambering. In addition, there is a steady zone as the longitudinal residual stresses of the surface layers in leveled strip steel vary with the roll intermeshes of 2# anticambering, which is of importance in the manipulation of tension levelers. It was also found that the distribution of strains and stresses across the width of strip steel is uneven during leveling or after removing the tension loaded upon the strip, from which it was found that 3D simulation could not be replaced by 2D analysis because 2D analysis in this case cannot represent the physical behavior of strip steel deformation during tension leveling.展开更多
The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper propo...The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.展开更多
Through the analysis of the principle, error sources and precision of trigonometric leveling, this paper points out the key problems about first order leveling replaced by trigonometric leveling; and for the first tim...Through the analysis of the principle, error sources and precision of trigonometric leveling, this paper points out the key problems about first order leveling replaced by trigonometric leveling; and for the first time puts forward that, in some given conditions, it is not only feasible but also valuable to replace first order leveling by precise trigonometric leveling, and proves it by experimentation as well. The content and conclusion of this paper have consulting significance and practicable value for our setting down relational criterion and production practice.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
文摘Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.
基金supported by the China National Science Foundation(No.42130506,42071031)the Special Technology Innovation Fund of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in Jiangsu Province(BK20231515)+1 种基金the Spanish Government grant PID2022-140808NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033the Catalan Government grants SGR 2021-1333 and AGAUR2023 CLIMA 00118.
文摘The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the patterns of change in community R/S ratios during forest succession and their response to moisture levels across broad geographic gradients remains unclear.Based on forest biomass data from a national field inventory of 5,825 plots conducted across China between 2011 and 2015,this study looked into allocating biomass shoots and roots at the early,middle,and late stages of growth in plantations and succession in natural forests,and evaluated how moisture availability influences this allocation.The results revealed a significant decline in R/S ratios from early to late stages for both plantations and natural forests.Shoot and root biomass in plantations grew isometrically during the early and middle succession stages but shifted to allometric growth in the late stage,with the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship differing significantly across growth stages.Natural forests,in contrast,maintained isometric growth across successional stages,showing no significant variation in the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship.Environmental factors,particularly moisture levels,strongly influenced R/S ratios.Moisture levels significantly affected size-corrected R/S ratios,particularly in the middle stage of plantations and the early and middle stages of natural forests,supporting the hypothesis of optimal allocation.These findings suggest that in water-limited regions,forest management should prioritize drought-tolerant,deep-rooted native species,encourage mixed-species planting in the early stage,and reduce logging intensity in mature plantations.Conserving natural forests to maintain successional dynamics is essential for long-term ecological resilience.These findings emphasize the importance of balancing productivity with ecological sustainability by adapting practices to specific environments and forest types under climate change.
基金Project(42077244)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2020-05)supported by the Open Research Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization,China。
文摘Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that employs machine learning algorithms as the basis for its inference rules.The system comprises four modules:a database,a repository,an inference engine,and an interpreter.A database containing 1114 rockburst cases was used to construct 357 datasets that serve as the repository for the expert system.Additionally,19 types of machine learning algorithms were used to establish 6783 micro-models to construct cognitive rules within the inference engine.By integrating probability theory and marginal analysis,a fuzzy scoring method based on the SoftMax function was developed and applied to the interpreter for rockburst intensity level prediction,effectively restoring the continuity of rockburst characteristics.The research results indicate that ensemble algorithms based on decision trees are more effective in capturing the characteristics of rockburst.Key factors for accurate prediction of rockburst intensity include uniaxial compressive strength,elastic energy index,the maximum principal stress,tangential stress,and their composite indicators.The accuracy of the proposed rockburst intensity level prediction expert system was verified using 20 engineering rockburst cases,with predictions aligning closely with the actual rockburst intensity levels.
基金the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy and operated under contract grant no.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has received significant attention in terms of process modelling,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle assessment in recent years.Policy incentives,hydrogen storage and transportation,and water stress levels are key factors that require significantly more consideration in order to realize hydrogen's potential to decarbonize this industry.This review demonstrates the need for a systematic understanding and critical assessment of these areas,and their profound impacts on the decarbonization of the iron and steel sector.Furthermore,hydrogen and water supply face competition from other hard-to-decarbonize sectors,which should be considered on national and regional levels.Lastly,future research should also consider the impact of other environmental factors and hydrogen leak when deploying hydrogen at scale for industrial decarbonization.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.CE230100012)。
文摘The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.
文摘Hainan Province in south China is the country’s second-largest island and the largest free trade port by area.It has entered a historic phase in China’s drive to promote high-level institutional opening up.On 18 December 2025,Hainan officially launched island-wide special customs operations,commonly referred to as“customs closure.”From that date,goods entering or leaving the island,except those traded with the Chinese mainland,are subject to simplified customs procedures and potentially reduced or zero tariffs.
文摘The original online version of this article was revised:Several errors occurred in the published version of the article.These have now been corrected as follows:Page 2,section"2.2 Laser Texturing Procedure of Surfaces",line 2:The device name was corrected from"YDFLP-E-50-M8"to"YDFLP-50-M8."Page 3,Section 2.4:The phrase"95%confidence interval"has been corrected to"95%confidence level."Page 3,Figure 1 caption:The phrase"fandg"has been corrected to"f and g."The order"C4 and C12"has been reversed to"C12 and C4,"in accordance with the display order in the figure.Page 4,Figure reference:The phrase"Figs.4c and d"has been corrected to"Figs.5b and c."Page 5,paragraph starting with"The ANOVA results are presented...":The phrase"95%confidence interval"has been corrected to"95%confidence level."
文摘During 13 to 16 January 2026,with 148 participating nations,rising global relevance and a marked increase in visitor quality,Heimtextil 2026 stood for stability and reliability in a volatile market environment.Once again,3,000 exhibitors from across the globe placed their trust in the industry’s central platform in Frankfurt,presenting current collections,materials and textile solutions for holistic interior design to approximately 47,000 buyers.Under the motto“Lead the Change”,Heimtextil brought evolving market dynamics,Artificial Intelligence(AI)and new business opportunities to life.The focus was on progressive design approaches,visionary talents,functional textiles and new hospitality concepts shaping the future of interior design.A tangible sense of confidence and a clear commitment to Heimtextil as a strong industry partner resonated throughout the exhibition halls.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3713102)。
文摘Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi-head Self-attention mechan-ism(MSAM-GRU)to simulate GWLs in both confined and unconfined aquifers simultaneously.The model innovatively captures the lag times between GWLs in the unconfined aquifer and precipitation,as well as between GWLs in the confined aquifer and the upper aquifer.We have assessed the effectiveness of the proposed model using a case study in the Beijing Plain,China from January 2005 to December 2020.With the consideration of lag times,the results indicated that the MSAM-GRU model exhibits a maximum 67%and 73%reduction in RMSE compared to the Attention mechanism-GRU(AM-GRU)and GRU model,respectively.MSAM-GRU model exhibited a 31%reduction in RMSE and a 0.12 increase in R^(2) compared to the same model that do not account for lag time.In Region I,the shortest lag time of GWL in the unconfined aquifer was two months,while that in the confined aquifer was three months,indicating a longer delayed response in the confined aquifer.MSAM-GRU model considering lag time,was then applied to simulate the GWLs in the unconfined aquifer under different scenarios and to analyze whether GWL fluctuations affect subway operations.The simulation res-ults showed that under the scenario 1,the GWL in the unconfined aquifer would rise above the depth of subway station floor,threaten-ing the operation of subways.This study can provide reliable technical support for the accurate simulation of GWLs in multi-aquifer systems.
基金supported by Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and Birmingham City University.
文摘Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD1100803)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Ph.D.Top Innovative Talents Fund of CUMTB)(No.BBJ2024029)。
文摘Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.
基金jointly sup-ported by National Key Basic Research 973 project(2004CB418403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40974062)
文摘The devastating Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county （Qushan town） which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ=88°×[1-exp（-9/h）] with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.
基金Item Sponsored by Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2004-005-D00111)
文摘Cold-rolled thin strip steel of high flatness quality undergoes multistage deformation during tension leveling. Thus, the parameters of set-up and manipulating are more difficult. With the aid of FE code MSC. MARC, the tension leveling process of thin strip steel was numerically simulated. Concentrating on the influence of the roll intermeshes in 2# anti-cambering on the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses in leveled strip steel, several experiments were clone with the tension leveler based on the results from the simulation. It was found from the simulation that the magnitude of longitudinal residual stresses in the cross-section of the leveled strip steel regularly presents obvious interdependence with the roll intermeshes in 2# anti-cambering. In addition, there is a steady zone as the longitudinal residual stresses of the surface layers in leveled strip steel vary with the roll intermeshes of 2# anticambering, which is of importance in the manipulation of tension levelers. It was also found that the distribution of strains and stresses across the width of strip steel is uneven during leveling or after removing the tension loaded upon the strip, from which it was found that 3D simulation could not be replaced by 2D analysis because 2D analysis in this case cannot represent the physical behavior of strip steel deformation during tension leveling.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51375212,61601203)Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016149)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(BK20140555)
文摘The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.
文摘Through the analysis of the principle, error sources and precision of trigonometric leveling, this paper points out the key problems about first order leveling replaced by trigonometric leveling; and for the first time puts forward that, in some given conditions, it is not only feasible but also valuable to replace first order leveling by precise trigonometric leveling, and proves it by experimentation as well. The content and conclusion of this paper have consulting significance and practicable value for our setting down relational criterion and production practice.
