Objective:To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts(ethanol and water)on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.Methods:A total of 180 male rats(190-220)g BWt ...Objective:To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts(ethanol and water)on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.Methods:A total of 180 male rats(190-220)g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups(G1-G9).Groups of rats were kept as(G1):normal control,(G2-G9):immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and(G3-G9):infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts.Rats from(G4to G9)were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis(at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt)and nitazoxanide(standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt)to infected rats with different regimes.Faecal pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post infection.At the end of the experiment,blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum proteins.Ileum specimens were also examined histopathologically.Results:The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88%in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi,and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis,was91%at the 6th dpi.There was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α_2-andβ-globulins levels in infected rats treated with both extracts,while a significant decrease was detected in lymphocytes compared to the infected non treated group.β-globulin level markedly increased in the rats administered nitazoxanide.Histopathological changes were observed in the ileum of rats infected with Cryptosporidium.Conclusions:Egyptian propolis extracts have an activity on cryptosporidiosis in rats.Moreover,propolis modulated the immunity in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.展开更多
Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status.However,this information is usually hard to obtain.Here,we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Bra...Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status.However,this information is usually hard to obtain.Here,we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal.We measured red blood cell morphometrics,erythrogram,and leukogram.We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families,testing if body size explains their variation.Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes(>60%)in L.podicipinus,followed by neutrophils(∼10%).Given that L.podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil,knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram,in which Leptodactylus spp.and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables,whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values.The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace.The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts,lymphocytes,and neutrophils.We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram.Accordingly,body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram(4.7%)and erythrogram(0.57%).By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters,our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts(ethanol and water)on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.Methods:A total of 180 male rats(190-220)g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups(G1-G9).Groups of rats were kept as(G1):normal control,(G2-G9):immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and(G3-G9):infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts.Rats from(G4to G9)were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis(at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt)and nitazoxanide(standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt)to infected rats with different regimes.Faecal pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post infection.At the end of the experiment,blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum proteins.Ileum specimens were also examined histopathologically.Results:The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88%in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi,and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis,was91%at the 6th dpi.There was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α_2-andβ-globulins levels in infected rats treated with both extracts,while a significant decrease was detected in lymphocytes compared to the infected non treated group.β-globulin level markedly increased in the rats administered nitazoxanide.Histopathological changes were observed in the ileum of rats infected with Cryptosporidium.Conclusions:Egyptian propolis extracts have an activity on cryptosporidiosis in rats.Moreover,propolis modulated the immunity in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.
基金SISBIO provided collecting permit(#63297-1)This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil(CAPES)–Finance Code 001.CESF received a grant from the Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino,Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul(#71/700.136)+1 种基金has been continuously supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(grant#310058/2020-1)C.O.has been continuously supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(grant#304552/2019-4).
文摘Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status.However,this information is usually hard to obtain.Here,we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal.We measured red blood cell morphometrics,erythrogram,and leukogram.We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families,testing if body size explains their variation.Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes(>60%)in L.podicipinus,followed by neutrophils(∼10%).Given that L.podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil,knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram,in which Leptodactylus spp.and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables,whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values.The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace.The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts,lymphocytes,and neutrophils.We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram.Accordingly,body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram(4.7%)and erythrogram(0.57%).By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters,our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.
