Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA ...Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA of Norin 8 and Norin 8m with RAPD technique. Among which, five primers produced seven polymorphic RAPD bands between Norin 8 and Norin 8m. Amplified RAPD polymorphic products were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were used to design primers for PCR. Five SCAR markers, SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948, SCAR/D10/1237 and SCAR/F03/1186, were developed from OPG18/943, OPG18/972, OPD10/1248 and OPF03/1198. F-2 progeny of 320 individuals was analyzed to map SCAR markers in relationship to ben or Ben genes. SCAR markers of SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948 were shown to cosegregate with ben or Ben genes, and SCAR/D10/1237 to be linked of Ben gene with a distance of (14.8 +/- 2.1) cM. The genetic linkage to ben gene and SCAR markers was identified by a pair of near isogenic lines H121 and Hben121. Southern blotting analysis and segregation ratio of F-2 progeny revealed that OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were single-copy in genome, and locus of OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were allelic and sequence tagged sites. It is the first report on molecular markers linked to ben or Ben genes. The markers are useful to marker-assisted selection for the breeding and tag ben gene with map-based cloning.展开更多
OsMAPK6 plays a critical role in regulating rice growth,development,and stress responses.However,the embryonic lethality associated with loss-of-function mutations prevents the generation of homozygous mutant seeds,si...OsMAPK6 plays a critical role in regulating rice growth,development,and stress responses.However,the embryonic lethality associated with loss-of-function mutations prevents the generation of homozygous mutant seeds,significantly hindering functional studies of this gene.Although the weak mutant dsg1 has offered valuable insights into OsMAPK6 function,its extremely low seed-setting rate limits its use for detailed genetic analysis.Here,we employed prime editing to perform precise multi-site modifications at the C-terminus of OsMAPK6,generating a series of osmapk6 mutants with truncated proteins of varying lengths.Among these,the osmapk6(379)and osmapk6(383)mutants exhibited phenotypic defects similar to dsg1,while osmapk6(386)showed a significantly improved seed-setting rate despite persistent developmental defects.Through phenotypic characterization and protein functional analysis,we further clarified how different C-terminal deletion lengths affect plant growth,development,stress responses,and OsMAPK6 protein function.In summary,this study elucidates the importance of the OsMAPK6 C-terminus in rice biology and provides a fertile weak mutant with enhanced seed production,offering a valuable genetic resource for future research on OsMAPK6.展开更多
ADP-ribosyltransferases(ARTs)regulate key processes in cancer,including DNA repair,transcription,immune responses,and treatment resistance.The clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase(ARTC)family and the diphther...ADP-ribosyltransferases(ARTs)regulate key processes in cancer,including DNA repair,transcription,immune responses,and treatment resistance.The clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase(ARTC)family and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase(ARTD)family play a crucial role in genomic stability by modification of proteins either with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation(MARylation)or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation(PARylation).These ARTs are promising therapeutic targets and could serve as biomarkers in cancer management.This review explores the roles of these enzymes and current knowledge on specific inhibitors.A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 1992 and 2025 on ADP-ribosyltransferases and their roles in cancer.Among ARTC family,ART1 and ART3 modulate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway,influencing angiogenesis,tumor growth,and immune evasion via cluster of differentiation 8+(CD8+)T-cell apoptosis.Within the ARTD family,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)1 and PARP2 are activated by DNA single-strand breaks and are clinically validated targets in cancers with homologous recombination deficiency,such as breast cancer susceptibility genes 1/2(BRCA1/2)-mutated breast cancer.Their inhibition exemplifies synthetic lethality and has shown clinical efficacy.Four PARP inhibitors,olaparib,niraparib,rucaparib,are approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved.Despite these advances,selective inhibitors for ARTs remain underexplored.Ongoing research focuses on overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance,improving biomarker-driven patient selection,and expanding therapeutic strategies that target ART-related pathways.展开更多
文摘Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA of Norin 8 and Norin 8m with RAPD technique. Among which, five primers produced seven polymorphic RAPD bands between Norin 8 and Norin 8m. Amplified RAPD polymorphic products were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were used to design primers for PCR. Five SCAR markers, SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948, SCAR/D10/1237 and SCAR/F03/1186, were developed from OPG18/943, OPG18/972, OPD10/1248 and OPF03/1198. F-2 progeny of 320 individuals was analyzed to map SCAR markers in relationship to ben or Ben genes. SCAR markers of SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948 were shown to cosegregate with ben or Ben genes, and SCAR/D10/1237 to be linked of Ben gene with a distance of (14.8 +/- 2.1) cM. The genetic linkage to ben gene and SCAR markers was identified by a pair of near isogenic lines H121 and Hben121. Southern blotting analysis and segregation ratio of F-2 progeny revealed that OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were single-copy in genome, and locus of OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were allelic and sequence tagged sites. It is the first report on molecular markers linked to ben or Ben genes. The markers are useful to marker-assisted selection for the breeding and tag ben gene with map-based cloning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32441024,32572315,and U25A20674)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021229)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2025ZX04B02)the Young Scientist Group Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023QNXZ02).
文摘OsMAPK6 plays a critical role in regulating rice growth,development,and stress responses.However,the embryonic lethality associated with loss-of-function mutations prevents the generation of homozygous mutant seeds,significantly hindering functional studies of this gene.Although the weak mutant dsg1 has offered valuable insights into OsMAPK6 function,its extremely low seed-setting rate limits its use for detailed genetic analysis.Here,we employed prime editing to perform precise multi-site modifications at the C-terminus of OsMAPK6,generating a series of osmapk6 mutants with truncated proteins of varying lengths.Among these,the osmapk6(379)and osmapk6(383)mutants exhibited phenotypic defects similar to dsg1,while osmapk6(386)showed a significantly improved seed-setting rate despite persistent developmental defects.Through phenotypic characterization and protein functional analysis,we further clarified how different C-terminal deletion lengths affect plant growth,development,stress responses,and OsMAPK6 protein function.In summary,this study elucidates the importance of the OsMAPK6 C-terminus in rice biology and provides a fertile weak mutant with enhanced seed production,offering a valuable genetic resource for future research on OsMAPK6.
文摘ADP-ribosyltransferases(ARTs)regulate key processes in cancer,including DNA repair,transcription,immune responses,and treatment resistance.The clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase(ARTC)family and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase(ARTD)family play a crucial role in genomic stability by modification of proteins either with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation(MARylation)or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation(PARylation).These ARTs are promising therapeutic targets and could serve as biomarkers in cancer management.This review explores the roles of these enzymes and current knowledge on specific inhibitors.A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 1992 and 2025 on ADP-ribosyltransferases and their roles in cancer.Among ARTC family,ART1 and ART3 modulate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway,influencing angiogenesis,tumor growth,and immune evasion via cluster of differentiation 8+(CD8+)T-cell apoptosis.Within the ARTD family,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)1 and PARP2 are activated by DNA single-strand breaks and are clinically validated targets in cancers with homologous recombination deficiency,such as breast cancer susceptibility genes 1/2(BRCA1/2)-mutated breast cancer.Their inhibition exemplifies synthetic lethality and has shown clinical efficacy.Four PARP inhibitors,olaparib,niraparib,rucaparib,are approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved.Despite these advances,selective inhibitors for ARTs remain underexplored.Ongoing research focuses on overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance,improving biomarker-driven patient selection,and expanding therapeutic strategies that target ART-related pathways.
