Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prereq- uisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. R...Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prereq- uisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have con- spicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine which distinctive vocal features can be derived from the morphology of the upper vocal tract. To accomplish this, we built computational models derived from anatomical measurements collected on lemur cadavers and compared the results with the spectrographic out- put of vocalizations recorded from ex situ live individuals. Our results demonstrate that the mor- phological variation of the ring-tailed lemur vocal tract explains individual distinctiveness of their species-specific utterances. We also provide further evidence that vocal tract modeling is a power- ful tool for studying the vocal output of non-human primates.展开更多
Objective:To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri(A.galeopteri),Auchenacantha spinosa(A.spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva(A.parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy(S...Objective:To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri(A.galeopteri),Auchenacantha spinosa(A.spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva(A.parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Methods:Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70%alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope.Specimens for SEM examination were processed according to Bozzola.Measurements were given in micrometers(μ m) as the average of findings,followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.Results:The measurements of Auchenacantha spp are same with those of previously described.The striatums of male and female A.galeopteri are widen towards outside and wavy.The mouth of female with 6 lips,each of them is wider at base than distal end in A.galeopteri and rectangular in A.spinosa.Both species have dentiform protrusion from inner surface of lips,such structure absent in A.parva,but the lips with transverse festoon like pattern at anterior end of each lip.Conclusions:Using SEM,the lip and the striation pattern of three species of Auchenacantha can be clearly distinguished.Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon are new locality of A.galeopteri and A.spinosa,and A.parva is the new record in Indonesia.展开更多
Non-human primate species are considered as good models for human cancer research. Despite the relevant phylogenetic position of prosimians, few reports of neoplastic diseases have been described in these species. The...Non-human primate species are considered as good models for human cancer research. Despite the relevant phylogenetic position of prosimians, few reports of neoplastic diseases have been described in these species. The current study investigated implication of an intestinal T-cell lymphoma in a 5-year-old female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) hosted at Parco Natura Viva, an Italian zoological garden. First, a sub-occlusive thickening of the small bowel was found. Histologically, the lesion was caused by a malignant lymphoid infiltrate that was homogeneously CD3+. Moreover, inflammatory patterns peripheral to the lesion suggested a coeliac disease similar to that reported in human. A huge malignant lymphoid infiltrate was present also in the liver and spleen. Overall, the case suggests an etiopathological relationship between coeliac-like disease and intestinal T-lymphoma, as reported in several human studies. Findings from this study are useful to improve our knowledge on the occurrence of the T-lymphoma as well as to improve the husbandry and dietary protocol of prosimians in zoos.展开更多
Tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is currently placed in Order Scandentia and has a wide distribution in Southeast Asia and Southwest China. Due to its unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body...Tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is currently placed in Order Scandentia and has a wide distribution in Southeast Asia and Southwest China. Due to its unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body mass ratio, short reproductive cycle and life span, and low-cost of maintenance, tree shrew has been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. However, there are some debates regarding the exact phylogenetic affinity of tree shrew to primates. In this study, we determined the mtDNA entire genomes of three Chinese tree shrews （T. belangeri chinensis） and one Malayan flying lemur （Galeopterus variegatus）. Combined with the published data for species in Euarchonta, we intended to diseen] the phylogenetic relationship among representative species of Dermoptera, Scandentia and Primates. The mtDNA genomes of Chinese tree shrews and Malayan flying lemur shared similar gene organization and structure with those of other mammals. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 concatenated mitochondrial proteinencoding genes revealed a closer relationship between species of Scandentia and Glires, whereas species of Dermoptera were clustered with Primates. This pattern was consistent with previously reported phylogeny based on mtDNA data, but differed from the one reconstructed on the basis of nuclear genes. Our result suggested that the matrilineal affinity of tree shrew to primates may not be as close as we had thought. The ongoing project for sequencing the entire genome of Chinese tree shrew will provide more information to clarify this important issue.展开更多
文摘Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prereq- uisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have con- spicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine which distinctive vocal features can be derived from the morphology of the upper vocal tract. To accomplish this, we built computational models derived from anatomical measurements collected on lemur cadavers and compared the results with the spectrographic out- put of vocalizations recorded from ex situ live individuals. Our results demonstrate that the mor- phological variation of the ring-tailed lemur vocal tract explains individual distinctiveness of their species-specific utterances. We also provide further evidence that vocal tract modeling is a power- ful tool for studying the vocal output of non-human primates.
基金Supported by DIPA.Project/2010 of Research Centre on Biology-LIPI
文摘Objective:To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri(A.galeopteri),Auchenacantha spinosa(A.spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva(A.parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Methods:Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70%alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope.Specimens for SEM examination were processed according to Bozzola.Measurements were given in micrometers(μ m) as the average of findings,followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.Results:The measurements of Auchenacantha spp are same with those of previously described.The striatums of male and female A.galeopteri are widen towards outside and wavy.The mouth of female with 6 lips,each of them is wider at base than distal end in A.galeopteri and rectangular in A.spinosa.Both species have dentiform protrusion from inner surface of lips,such structure absent in A.parva,but the lips with transverse festoon like pattern at anterior end of each lip.Conclusions:Using SEM,the lip and the striation pattern of three species of Auchenacantha can be clearly distinguished.Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon are new locality of A.galeopteri and A.spinosa,and A.parva is the new record in Indonesia.
文摘Non-human primate species are considered as good models for human cancer research. Despite the relevant phylogenetic position of prosimians, few reports of neoplastic diseases have been described in these species. The current study investigated implication of an intestinal T-cell lymphoma in a 5-year-old female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) hosted at Parco Natura Viva, an Italian zoological garden. First, a sub-occlusive thickening of the small bowel was found. Histologically, the lesion was caused by a malignant lymphoid infiltrate that was homogeneously CD3+. Moreover, inflammatory patterns peripheral to the lesion suggested a coeliac disease similar to that reported in human. A huge malignant lymphoid infiltrate was present also in the liver and spleen. Overall, the case suggests an etiopathological relationship between coeliac-like disease and intestinal T-lymphoma, as reported in several human studies. Findings from this study are useful to improve our knowledge on the occurrence of the T-lymphoma as well as to improve the husbandry and dietary protocol of prosimians in zoos.
基金supported by grants from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos.KSCX2-EW-R-11 and KSCX2-EW-J-23)the National 863 Project of China (No.2012AA021801)Yunnan Province (No.2009CI119)
文摘Tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is currently placed in Order Scandentia and has a wide distribution in Southeast Asia and Southwest China. Due to its unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body mass ratio, short reproductive cycle and life span, and low-cost of maintenance, tree shrew has been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. However, there are some debates regarding the exact phylogenetic affinity of tree shrew to primates. In this study, we determined the mtDNA entire genomes of three Chinese tree shrews （T. belangeri chinensis） and one Malayan flying lemur （Galeopterus variegatus）. Combined with the published data for species in Euarchonta, we intended to diseen] the phylogenetic relationship among representative species of Dermoptera, Scandentia and Primates. The mtDNA genomes of Chinese tree shrews and Malayan flying lemur shared similar gene organization and structure with those of other mammals. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 concatenated mitochondrial proteinencoding genes revealed a closer relationship between species of Scandentia and Glires, whereas species of Dermoptera were clustered with Primates. This pattern was consistent with previously reported phylogeny based on mtDNA data, but differed from the one reconstructed on the basis of nuclear genes. Our result suggested that the matrilineal affinity of tree shrew to primates may not be as close as we had thought. The ongoing project for sequencing the entire genome of Chinese tree shrew will provide more information to clarify this important issue.
