The gastroprotective activity of water extracts from Citrus reticulata'Chachi'leaves(JY)was investigated,and its potential action mechanisms were revealed using network pharmacology.First,the main chemical com...The gastroprotective activity of water extracts from Citrus reticulata'Chachi'leaves(JY)was investigated,and its potential action mechanisms were revealed using network pharmacology.First,the main chemical components of JY were identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,14 compounds were preliminarily identified,with flavonoids being the primary components.Next,the protective effect of JY on ethanol-induced damage was investigated in vitro.An MTT assay showed that JY could significantly promote the proliferation of GES-1 cells and reduce the damage caused by ethanol.A gastric ulcer model was induced in mice using ethanol,and JY(1,2,and 4 mg/kg)was orally administered to the mice to counteract ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.Pretreatment with JY reduced the severity of ethanol-induced gastric injury.Histopathological results showed that JY enhanced the cell structure of gastric tissue,increased the secretion of gastric mucosal mucus,and reduced gastric edema caused by ethanol injury.JY significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factorα,in the serum.Additionally,JY increased the levels of prostaglandin E2 and the activity of total superoxide dismutase,while significantly reducing the levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in gastric tissue.In parallel,JY significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)to alleviate oxidative stress.JY also promoted the healing of gastric ulcers by upregulating the mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).Finally,network pharmacology was used to analyze the potential bioactive substances in JY and their mechanisms.The results indicated that the protective effect of JY might be related to flavonoids and that JY exerts its gastroprotective effects by participating in the PI3K-Akt and VEGF signaling pathways.These findings suggest that JY could be a valuable natural resource for preventing ethanol-induced gastric injury.展开更多
In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this ph...In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this phenomenon as the plant's“diurnal opening and nocturnal closing”trait.Peanut stems and leaves(PSL)refers to the stems and leaves of the leguminous plant Arachis hypogaea L.,which displays this characteristic.PSL has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in TCM for treating insomnia,it was recommended by the Chinese Sleep Research Society's Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines as a recommended monotherapy for treating insomnia in primary healthcare institutions in 2024[2].Based on this,our research group developed a TCM formulation from PSL,named Luo Hua An Shen Oral Liquid(LAOL),which has been clinically applied for over 40 years to treat insomnia.Numerous clinical studies have shown that taking PSL before bedtime promotes sleep[3],while daytime administration enhances daytime functioning.Moreover,our findings demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of PSL is independent of administration dosage,administration frequency,and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.展开更多
The aromatic Baeckea frutescens leaves(BFL)known as“Gang-Song-Cha”is a popular drink(Tea)in South China.To explore the healthcare value,a systematic and in-depth study on BFL alleviating rheumatoid arthritis(RA)was ...The aromatic Baeckea frutescens leaves(BFL)known as“Gang-Song-Cha”is a popular drink(Tea)in South China.To explore the healthcare value,a systematic and in-depth study on BFL alleviating rheumatoid arthritis(RA)was carried out by integrating network pharmacology,molecular docking,and experimental verification.The efficacy was first evaluated,and the BFL extract could ameliorate RA by inhibiting articular swelling,lowering immune organ index,improving the ankle pathologies,and regulating serum levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in CIA rats.Then the anti-RA mechanism of BFL was investigated by leveraging the high-content and active component 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-isopropylchromone(Chro),and the potential signaling pathway and related target proteins for Chro acting on RA were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment and docking simulation.Finally,the experimental validations were conducted on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes(RAFLS),and compound Chro could inhibit cell invasion and migration,block cell cycle at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis,and reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway.These results provided pharmacological basis for the folk usage of“Gang-Song-Cha”for intervening RA.展开更多
The parameters of fluorescence induction kinetics and the maximal light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate (P-sat) of the flag leaves of four cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared at three di...The parameters of fluorescence induction kinetics and the maximal light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate (P-sat) of the flag leaves of four cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared at three different developing stages for the first time. From the blooming stage to the milky stage, the quantum efficiency of PS II photochemistry (F-v/F-m) declined slightly only at the milk stage. The photochemical quenching co-efficient (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II)electron transport (Phi (PSII)) and P-sat decreased substantially (> 15%), while the non-photochemical quenching co-efficient (qN) increased significantly (> 100%). There existed a linear correlation between the Phi (PSII) and the P-sat (r = 0.918). The results indicate that with the senescence of the flag leaves of winter wheat the photosynthetic efficiency including that of the energy transport and the CO2 assimilation significantly decreased.展开更多
Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as th...Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid, ethanol concentration, and homogenate time. The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 rain, ethanol concentration at 55% and the ratio of material to liquid at 1：15 （g：mL）. By using the optimized parameters, we obtained 0.639‰ extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰ for HCPT. The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods, such as ultrasonic, reflux, shaking in water bath. It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves, with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.展开更多
The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity o...The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.展开更多
[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging sub...[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging substances from sweet potato leaves were optimized by orthogonal test and the bioactive components in extracts were investigated by correlation analysis. [ Result] Sweet potato leaves contain the bioactive substances scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Extracting solvent species is the most important factor that influencing extraction yield. The optimal extraction and storage conditions are as following： water as solvent, pH 8.0 of extracting liquid, storage at 25 ℃. There is a good positive linear relationship between the content of total phenols in sweet potato leaves and corresponding scavenging rates against both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. For the content of total flavones in sweet potato leaves, just a correlation with scavenging rate against hydroxyl free radical shown in test. [ Conclusion] The phenols in ex- tracts could effectively scavenge both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical, whereas the flavones in extracts can only function on the hydroxyl free radical.展开更多
When the first fully expanded leaf of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings with two leaves were treated with different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 mmol/L) of nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (...When the first fully expanded leaf of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings with two leaves were treated with different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 mmol/L) of nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced by the lower concentrations (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mmol/L), but enhanced by the higher concentration of SNP (0.50 mmol/L). The protective effect of 0.10 mmol/L SNP was the most obvious. Furthermore, the treatment with 0.10 mmol/L SNP on the above seedlings until the fourth leaves were fully expanded attenuated the accumulation of H2O2, superoxide anion radical (O-2(-)) and MDA, also counteracted the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble proteins, especally Rubisco, both leading to the effective delay of aging process in wheat leaves. The effects of different SNP concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mmol/L) also displayed a dual role in an aging experiment of chloroplasts in vitro, one of which, 0.2 mmol/L SNP treatment, protected the membrane structure and attenuated the degradation of Rubisco effectively. Based on the present results, it was inferred that lower concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) might play a role in delaying aging process in wheat leaves, i.e., might attribute to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the alleviation of further oxidative damage caused by ROS.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally t...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally to study the effect of F. suspensa leaves on lowering blood sugar of hyperglycemia mice and normal ani- mals. [Result] F. suspensa leaves could antagonize the streptozotocin-reducing mice hyperglycemia and significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice. [Coaclusion] F. suspensa leaves exhibits a good therapeutic effect on diabetic mice and has a good development prospect.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmiodes Oliver leaves （AEO） on liver mitochondrial injury induced by free radicals. [Method] MDA content was determi...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmiodes Oliver leaves （AEO） on liver mitochondrial injury induced by free radicals. [Method] MDA content was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method; mitochondrial swelling degree was determined by spectrophotometry; the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability was determined using reduced coenzyme I-tetrazolium-phenazine methosulfate as the superoxide anion generation system. Mice were hypodermically injected in the back and neck with D- galactose, after 50 d, the effects of AEO on the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and anti-hydroxyl radicals in mouse liver were determined using kits. [Result] AEO can efficiently reduce the liver injury and inhibit mitochondrial swelling induced by Fe2＋-L-Cys, which can also scavenge superoxide anion and improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for the development and application of AEO resources.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yel...[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yellow, blue and purple films to obtain different light quality, the changes of chlorophyll content, activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in the tobacco leaves were studied. [Results] Compared with treatments of white, red and yellow film, blue and purple films delayed the decrease of chlorophyll content and senescence of tobacco leaves at the late growth stage, and relatively lowered the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases during growth, development and senescence periods. [Conclusion] Different light qualities exhibited various effects on the growth, development and senescence of tobacco leaves, possibly by affecting the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases to some extent.展开更多
The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the ...The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the eco-physiology of leaves of these species. After being covered by dust the instant net photosynthetic rates of most plant species changed insignificantly, but it decreased by more than 35% for 5 species, and it increased by-more than 57% for Ginkgo biloba L. The respiration rates of 12 plant species increased significantly, but it decreased significantly for Malus pumila Mill. (M. communis D C.) and Cotinus coggygria (L.) Scop., and it changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. The transpiration rates of 5 plant species increased significantly, however, they decreased for 9 species, and changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. Platanus occidentalis L. had highest dust carrying capacity. After 2 h the physiological indices did not change significantly for Diospyros kaki L. f., G. biloba and Populus tomentosa Carr. The implications of the research are that Ulmus laevis Pall., M. pumila (M. communis), D. kaki and G. biloba are suitable for amelioration of dust storm damage and increase in local economical development near the sources of dust storms in western China. And in the cities, such as Beijing and other dust areas, the plants have high dust-carrying capacity can be planted for air cleaning.展开更多
In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transpl...In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.展开更多
Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice ＆quot;Zhongjiazao 17＆quot;and ＆quot;Ganxin 203＆quot; and super high-yielding late rice ＆quot;Ganxin 688＆quot; and ＆quot;Wufengy-ouT025＆quot; were taken...Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice ＆quot;Zhongjiazao 17＆quot;and ＆quot;Ganxin 203＆quot; and super high-yielding late rice ＆quot;Ganxin 688＆quot; and ＆quot;Wufengy-ouT025＆quot; were taken as materials with planting density the same at 312 000 hil s/hm2, to explore the effects of RS/IS （Ratio of row spacing to intrarow row spacing） on yield, top three leaves morphological features and its relationship of them in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that, whether early or late rice, biomass, accumula-tion and apparent utilizing rate of nitrogen were lower in RS/IS5.0 （40.0 cm ＆#215;8.0 cm） treatment, but yield of rice was higher in RS/IS2.0 （25.0 cm ＆#215;12.8 cm） treatment;grain numbers per spike of rice was more in RS/IS2.8 （30.0 cm＆#215;10.7 cm） treatment, and thousand-grain weight of rice was higher in RS/IS1.3 （20.0 cm＆#215;16.0 cm） treat-ment. For 4 varieties of early or late rice aforementioned, basal angle, opening an-gle and leaf area of 2nd leaf from top were larger in RS/IS5.0 treatment, and basal angle and opening angle were smal er in RS/IS2.0 treatment and leaf area smal er in RS/IS1.3 treatment.展开更多
[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes ...[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes （endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, three-stage flue-curing process, three-stage and six-step flue- curing process） were adopted in this research to investigate the effects of different baking processes on carotenoid content of same-maturity degree upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco K326. [Result] The results showed at the yellowing and color fixing stages, the carotenoids were most fully decomposed in endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique. The decomposed carotenoid content was lowest in exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, for which the carotenoid content was highest （50.53 mg/g）. [Conclusion] At the yellowing and color fixing stages, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique was most conducive to the carotenoid accumulation in tobacco baking process.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of magnetic stress on the delayed luminescence of mung bean leaves.[Method]With mung bean leaves as the experimental materials,the delayed luminescence curve of mung...[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of magnetic stress on the delayed luminescence of mung bean leaves.[Method]With mung bean leaves as the experimental materials,the delayed luminescence curve of mung bean leaves under the same magnetic field intensity at different processing time was measured by using BPCL-type weak luminescence measuring instrument.[Result] The absorption of the magnetic field stimulation within the leaves had its own rules.A certain magnetic field intensity and a certain...展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guid...[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of the development of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. [Method] By employing SDS-PAGE and 2-demensional electrophoresis (2-D...[Objective] This study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of the development of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. [Method] By employing SDS-PAGE and 2-demensional electrophoresis (2-DE) techniques,proteins in various heteromorphic leaves from the same adult tree of P. euphratica were isolated and separated to the electrophoresis technique suitable for the separation and analysis of proteins in leaves of P. euphratica tree. [Results] There were significant differences in the expressions of proteins in various heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica tree. SDS-PAGE pattern showed that bands of proteins with molecular weight of 57.2,13.2,30.2,23.9 and 33.3 kDa were remarkably different. 2-D electrophoresis pattern presented that proteins in leaves of P. euphratica tree mainly belong to acidic proteins distributed at pH value of 5.0-6.5 and with molecular weight of 20-40 kDa; totally 73 different protein spots were observed,of which 51 were up expressed and other 22 were down expressed in the serrated ovate leaves. [Conclusion] Based on these results,we speculate that regulated gene expression in leaves of P. euphratica tree results in the generation of different shapes of leaves,in order to adapt to the surroundings better.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the dynamic change laws of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different parts of leaves of Ginkgo biloba.[Method] The G.biloba cultivated in North China was used as materials in ...[Objective] The aim was to explore the dynamic change laws of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different parts of leaves of Ginkgo biloba.[Method] The G.biloba cultivated in North China was used as materials in this study to explore the law of daily change and ten-day change of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves in different parts of leaves.[Result] The daily change of Fm（maximal fluorescence）,Fv（variable fluorescence）,Fv/Fm,Fm/Fo（electron transfer rate）,Fv/Fo（potential activity of PSⅡ）in leaves of G.biloba obviously presented a descending-ascending trend,the lowest value was at 12：00 and the NPQ（non-photochemical quenching）of sunny leaves arrived at the maximum at noon.The values of Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fm/Fo,Fv/Fo in shade leaves of G.biloba were obviously higher than those in sunny leaves,but the peak value of NPQ of shade leaves presented earlier and higher,suggesting that the shade leaves might have more sensitive hot dissipation mechanism.Comparing to sunny leaves,shade leaves had the higher PSⅡ potential activity and inner light energy translation efficiency.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the protection of G.biloba resources.展开更多
[Objective] To investigate the effects of different loading methods on tobacco leaf quality.[Method] With tobacco comb,tobacco clamp,and tobacco basket,color,phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity of flue-c...[Objective] To investigate the effects of different loading methods on tobacco leaf quality.[Method] With tobacco comb,tobacco clamp,and tobacco basket,color,phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied.[Result] The results showed that L＊,a＊ and b＊ values of tobacco leaves packaged by tobacco clamp and comb were higher than those of tobacco basket and no significant differences were found beween values of a＊ and b＊,however,between L＊ and h values,remarkable differences existed among three loading methods.Total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content of tobacco leaves loaded by tobacco comb kept the highest,followed by smoke clamp and tobacco basket （P＜0.05）.On the other hand,rutin content showed little differences among treatments.The order of the antioxidant properties,such as DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing powder,of tobacco leaves by different loading methods was tobacco comb ＞ tobacco clamp ＞ loose basket and a positive relationship was found of antioxiang property with total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusion] In view of tobacco leaves quality and antioxidant property,loading method with tobacco comb proved to be a better choice.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8197347182003937)。
文摘The gastroprotective activity of water extracts from Citrus reticulata'Chachi'leaves(JY)was investigated,and its potential action mechanisms were revealed using network pharmacology.First,the main chemical components of JY were identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,14 compounds were preliminarily identified,with flavonoids being the primary components.Next,the protective effect of JY on ethanol-induced damage was investigated in vitro.An MTT assay showed that JY could significantly promote the proliferation of GES-1 cells and reduce the damage caused by ethanol.A gastric ulcer model was induced in mice using ethanol,and JY(1,2,and 4 mg/kg)was orally administered to the mice to counteract ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.Pretreatment with JY reduced the severity of ethanol-induced gastric injury.Histopathological results showed that JY enhanced the cell structure of gastric tissue,increased the secretion of gastric mucosal mucus,and reduced gastric edema caused by ethanol injury.JY significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factorα,in the serum.Additionally,JY increased the levels of prostaglandin E2 and the activity of total superoxide dismutase,while significantly reducing the levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in gastric tissue.In parallel,JY significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)to alleviate oxidative stress.JY also promoted the healing of gastric ulcers by upregulating the mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).Finally,network pharmacology was used to analyze the potential bioactive substances in JY and their mechanisms.The results indicated that the protective effect of JY might be related to flavonoids and that JY exerts its gastroprotective effects by participating in the PI3K-Akt and VEGF signaling pathways.These findings suggest that JY could be a valuable natural resource for preventing ethanol-induced gastric injury.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2021YFC2501500)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research,China(Grant No.:SHZYDX2023-01)Shanghai Technical Superiority Project of"Preventive Treatment of Disease",Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,China(Grant No.:ZY(2021-2023)-0104-02-GF-04).
文摘In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this phenomenon as the plant's“diurnal opening and nocturnal closing”trait.Peanut stems and leaves(PSL)refers to the stems and leaves of the leguminous plant Arachis hypogaea L.,which displays this characteristic.PSL has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in TCM for treating insomnia,it was recommended by the Chinese Sleep Research Society's Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines as a recommended monotherapy for treating insomnia in primary healthcare institutions in 2024[2].Based on this,our research group developed a TCM formulation from PSL,named Luo Hua An Shen Oral Liquid(LAOL),which has been clinically applied for over 40 years to treat insomnia.Numerous clinical studies have shown that taking PSL before bedtime promotes sleep[3],while daytime administration enhances daytime functioning.Moreover,our findings demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of PSL is independent of administration dosage,administration frequency,and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1804182)the Basic Research(Natural Science)Cultivation Project of Zhengzhou University(JC23852095).
文摘The aromatic Baeckea frutescens leaves(BFL)known as“Gang-Song-Cha”is a popular drink(Tea)in South China.To explore the healthcare value,a systematic and in-depth study on BFL alleviating rheumatoid arthritis(RA)was carried out by integrating network pharmacology,molecular docking,and experimental verification.The efficacy was first evaluated,and the BFL extract could ameliorate RA by inhibiting articular swelling,lowering immune organ index,improving the ankle pathologies,and regulating serum levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in CIA rats.Then the anti-RA mechanism of BFL was investigated by leveraging the high-content and active component 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-isopropylchromone(Chro),and the potential signaling pathway and related target proteins for Chro acting on RA were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment and docking simulation.Finally,the experimental validations were conducted on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes(RAFLS),and compound Chro could inhibit cell invasion and migration,block cell cycle at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis,and reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway.These results provided pharmacological basis for the folk usage of“Gang-Song-Cha”for intervening RA.
文摘The parameters of fluorescence induction kinetics and the maximal light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate (P-sat) of the flag leaves of four cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared at three different developing stages for the first time. From the blooming stage to the milky stage, the quantum efficiency of PS II photochemistry (F-v/F-m) declined slightly only at the milk stage. The photochemical quenching co-efficient (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II)electron transport (Phi (PSII)) and P-sat decreased substantially (> 15%), while the non-photochemical quenching co-efficient (qN) increased significantly (> 100%). There existed a linear correlation between the Phi (PSII) and the P-sat (r = 0.918). The results indicate that with the senescence of the flag leaves of winter wheat the photosynthetic efficiency including that of the energy transport and the CO2 assimilation significantly decreased.
文摘Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid, ethanol concentration, and homogenate time. The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 rain, ethanol concentration at 55% and the ratio of material to liquid at 1：15 （g：mL）. By using the optimized parameters, we obtained 0.639‰ extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰ for HCPT. The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods, such as ultrasonic, reflux, shaking in water bath. It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves, with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.
基金Supported by Doctor Startup Foundation of Yibin College(2005B02)~~
文摘The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.
基金Scientific Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM200710011007)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging substances from sweet potato leaves were optimized by orthogonal test and the bioactive components in extracts were investigated by correlation analysis. [ Result] Sweet potato leaves contain the bioactive substances scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Extracting solvent species is the most important factor that influencing extraction yield. The optimal extraction and storage conditions are as following： water as solvent, pH 8.0 of extracting liquid, storage at 25 ℃. There is a good positive linear relationship between the content of total phenols in sweet potato leaves and corresponding scavenging rates against both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. For the content of total flavones in sweet potato leaves, just a correlation with scavenging rate against hydroxyl free radical shown in test. [ Conclusion] The phenols in ex- tracts could effectively scavenge both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical, whereas the flavones in extracts can only function on the hydroxyl free radical.
文摘When the first fully expanded leaf of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings with two leaves were treated with different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 mmol/L) of nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced by the lower concentrations (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mmol/L), but enhanced by the higher concentration of SNP (0.50 mmol/L). The protective effect of 0.10 mmol/L SNP was the most obvious. Furthermore, the treatment with 0.10 mmol/L SNP on the above seedlings until the fourth leaves were fully expanded attenuated the accumulation of H2O2, superoxide anion radical (O-2(-)) and MDA, also counteracted the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble proteins, especally Rubisco, both leading to the effective delay of aging process in wheat leaves. The effects of different SNP concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mmol/L) also displayed a dual role in an aging experiment of chloroplasts in vitro, one of which, 0.2 mmol/L SNP treatment, protected the membrane structure and attenuated the degradation of Rubisco effectively. Based on the present results, it was inferred that lower concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) might play a role in delaying aging process in wheat leaves, i.e., might attribute to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the alleviation of further oxidative damage caused by ROS.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20175012)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally to study the effect of F. suspensa leaves on lowering blood sugar of hyperglycemia mice and normal ani- mals. [Result] F. suspensa leaves could antagonize the streptozotocin-reducing mice hyperglycemia and significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice. [Coaclusion] F. suspensa leaves exhibits a good therapeutic effect on diabetic mice and has a good development prospect.
基金Supported by Fund for Scientific Research of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University (2013KJ033)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmiodes Oliver leaves （AEO） on liver mitochondrial injury induced by free radicals. [Method] MDA content was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method; mitochondrial swelling degree was determined by spectrophotometry; the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability was determined using reduced coenzyme I-tetrazolium-phenazine methosulfate as the superoxide anion generation system. Mice were hypodermically injected in the back and neck with D- galactose, after 50 d, the effects of AEO on the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and anti-hydroxyl radicals in mouse liver were determined using kits. [Result] AEO can efficiently reduce the liver injury and inhibit mitochondrial swelling induced by Fe2＋-L-Cys, which can also scavenge superoxide anion and improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for the development and application of AEO resources.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30460016)Science and Technology Plan from Yunnan Branch Office of China National Tobacco Corporation(2011YN03,2010YN03,07A01)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yellow, blue and purple films to obtain different light quality, the changes of chlorophyll content, activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in the tobacco leaves were studied. [Results] Compared with treatments of white, red and yellow film, blue and purple films delayed the decrease of chlorophyll content and senescence of tobacco leaves at the late growth stage, and relatively lowered the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases during growth, development and senescence periods. [Conclusion] Different light qualities exhibited various effects on the growth, development and senescence of tobacco leaves, possibly by affecting the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases to some extent.
文摘The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the eco-physiology of leaves of these species. After being covered by dust the instant net photosynthetic rates of most plant species changed insignificantly, but it decreased by more than 35% for 5 species, and it increased by-more than 57% for Ginkgo biloba L. The respiration rates of 12 plant species increased significantly, but it decreased significantly for Malus pumila Mill. (M. communis D C.) and Cotinus coggygria (L.) Scop., and it changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. The transpiration rates of 5 plant species increased significantly, however, they decreased for 9 species, and changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. Platanus occidentalis L. had highest dust carrying capacity. After 2 h the physiological indices did not change significantly for Diospyros kaki L. f., G. biloba and Populus tomentosa Carr. The implications of the research are that Ulmus laevis Pall., M. pumila (M. communis), D. kaki and G. biloba are suitable for amelioration of dust storm damage and increase in local economical development near the sources of dust storms in western China. And in the cities, such as Beijing and other dust areas, the plants have high dust-carrying capacity can be planted for air cleaning.
文摘In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012BAD15B03)the Youth Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2010-CQN004)~~
文摘Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice ＆quot;Zhongjiazao 17＆quot;and ＆quot;Ganxin 203＆quot; and super high-yielding late rice ＆quot;Ganxin 688＆quot; and ＆quot;Wufengy-ouT025＆quot; were taken as materials with planting density the same at 312 000 hil s/hm2, to explore the effects of RS/IS （Ratio of row spacing to intrarow row spacing） on yield, top three leaves morphological features and its relationship of them in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that, whether early or late rice, biomass, accumula-tion and apparent utilizing rate of nitrogen were lower in RS/IS5.0 （40.0 cm ＆#215;8.0 cm） treatment, but yield of rice was higher in RS/IS2.0 （25.0 cm ＆#215;12.8 cm） treatment;grain numbers per spike of rice was more in RS/IS2.8 （30.0 cm＆#215;10.7 cm） treatment, and thousand-grain weight of rice was higher in RS/IS1.3 （20.0 cm＆#215;16.0 cm） treat-ment. For 4 varieties of early or late rice aforementioned, basal angle, opening an-gle and leaf area of 2nd leaf from top were larger in RS/IS5.0 treatment, and basal angle and opening angle were smal er in RS/IS2.0 treatment and leaf area smal er in RS/IS1.3 treatment.
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Research of China National Tobacco Corporation([2012]No.122)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation(NY20110601070010)Technology Project of Chinese Tobacco Corporation~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes （endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, three-stage flue-curing process, three-stage and six-step flue- curing process） were adopted in this research to investigate the effects of different baking processes on carotenoid content of same-maturity degree upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco K326. [Result] The results showed at the yellowing and color fixing stages, the carotenoids were most fully decomposed in endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique. The decomposed carotenoid content was lowest in exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, for which the carotenoid content was highest （50.53 mg/g）. [Conclusion] At the yellowing and color fixing stages, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique was most conducive to the carotenoid accumulation in tobacco baking process.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of magnetic stress on the delayed luminescence of mung bean leaves.[Method]With mung bean leaves as the experimental materials,the delayed luminescence curve of mung bean leaves under the same magnetic field intensity at different processing time was measured by using BPCL-type weak luminescence measuring instrument.[Result] The absorption of the magnetic field stimulation within the leaves had its own rules.A certain magnetic field intensity and a certain...
基金Supported by Major Program in Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(2008C22G2100038)Emerging Artists Project in Zhejiang Province(21000037)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.
文摘[Objective] This study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of the development of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. [Method] By employing SDS-PAGE and 2-demensional electrophoresis (2-DE) techniques,proteins in various heteromorphic leaves from the same adult tree of P. euphratica were isolated and separated to the electrophoresis technique suitable for the separation and analysis of proteins in leaves of P. euphratica tree. [Results] There were significant differences in the expressions of proteins in various heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica tree. SDS-PAGE pattern showed that bands of proteins with molecular weight of 57.2,13.2,30.2,23.9 and 33.3 kDa were remarkably different. 2-D electrophoresis pattern presented that proteins in leaves of P. euphratica tree mainly belong to acidic proteins distributed at pH value of 5.0-6.5 and with molecular weight of 20-40 kDa; totally 73 different protein spots were observed,of which 51 were up expressed and other 22 were down expressed in the serrated ovate leaves. [Conclusion] Based on these results,we speculate that regulated gene expression in leaves of P. euphratica tree results in the generation of different shapes of leaves,in order to adapt to the surroundings better.
基金Supported by Forestry Scientific and Technological Supporting Project of State Forestry Administration~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the dynamic change laws of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different parts of leaves of Ginkgo biloba.[Method] The G.biloba cultivated in North China was used as materials in this study to explore the law of daily change and ten-day change of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves in different parts of leaves.[Result] The daily change of Fm（maximal fluorescence）,Fv（variable fluorescence）,Fv/Fm,Fm/Fo（electron transfer rate）,Fv/Fo（potential activity of PSⅡ）in leaves of G.biloba obviously presented a descending-ascending trend,the lowest value was at 12：00 and the NPQ（non-photochemical quenching）of sunny leaves arrived at the maximum at noon.The values of Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fm/Fo,Fv/Fo in shade leaves of G.biloba were obviously higher than those in sunny leaves,but the peak value of NPQ of shade leaves presented earlier and higher,suggesting that the shade leaves might have more sensitive hot dissipation mechanism.Comparing to sunny leaves,shade leaves had the higher PSⅡ potential activity and inner light energy translation efficiency.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the protection of G.biloba resources.
文摘[Objective] To investigate the effects of different loading methods on tobacco leaf quality.[Method] With tobacco comb,tobacco clamp,and tobacco basket,color,phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied.[Result] The results showed that L＊,a＊ and b＊ values of tobacco leaves packaged by tobacco clamp and comb were higher than those of tobacco basket and no significant differences were found beween values of a＊ and b＊,however,between L＊ and h values,remarkable differences existed among three loading methods.Total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content of tobacco leaves loaded by tobacco comb kept the highest,followed by smoke clamp and tobacco basket （P＜0.05）.On the other hand,rutin content showed little differences among treatments.The order of the antioxidant properties,such as DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing powder,of tobacco leaves by different loading methods was tobacco comb ＞ tobacco clamp ＞ loose basket and a positive relationship was found of antioxiang property with total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusion] In view of tobacco leaves quality and antioxidant property,loading method with tobacco comb proved to be a better choice.
