With the use of multimedia which combines the use o f text, sound, images, motion video and animation, it is more efficient for studen ts to learn mould design interactively. A program is created using several multi m...With the use of multimedia which combines the use o f text, sound, images, motion video and animation, it is more efficient for studen ts to learn mould design interactively. A program is created using several multi media software to simulate the mechanism of moulding processes in order to let s tudents understand the concept of mould design. In addition, students can even access the program through the Internet. Therefore, the software is defined as Multimedia and Internet Technology (MIT) program. The MIT program consists of four sections: (i) simulation of mould mechanisms, ( ii) cooling system, (iii) material information and (iv) games for tutorials. Sec tion One covers the basic operations of different types of moulds such as two-p late mould, three-plate mould, split mould, side-core mould and mould with und ercuts. Section Two introduces different types of cooling systems such as bubble r, baffle, cooling circuits, etc. Section Three provides some useful material in formation for mould design. Section Four contains games of matching mould compon ents, mould design problem finding and multiple choice questions to test student s how much they understand mould design concept. Multimedia is highly effective particularly in teaching and learning. It changes the nature of learning itself. It makes reading dynamic by giving words an impo rtant new dimension. It allows students to see, hear and do simultaneously, thus significantly reducing average learning time. Furthermore, through cooperative learning on Internet, students can access the program, share data or search info rmation anytime anywhere. Therefore, Multimedia and Internet Technology is one o f the vital aspects to speed up the realization of information age in society.展开更多
We describe here ten years of development of a Chinese learning technology and five years of practical experience in integrating this technology in MIT classrooms for intermediate-high and advanced-low students.Key re...We describe here ten years of development of a Chinese learning technology and five years of practical experience in integrating this technology in MIT classrooms for intermediate-high and advanced-low students.Key results are as follows:There is no need to disrupt the classroom experience(both for the teacher and the students);Technology provides a sharp increase in learning efficiency and motivation,as confirmed by students;and This overall improvement in learning is achieved by focusing on the efficiency of personal study time.The most salient type of feedback from students falls into two categories:“I wouldn’t have been able to take a class at that level without FullChinese,”and“The use of technology allowed me to prepare for class two to three times faster.”Results were achieved through a slow iterative process during which our learning technology evolved to solve observed needs in acquiring complex new material.展开更多
The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the system.Therefore,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult ...The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the system.Therefore,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult problem.This paper proposes an improved time-stamped blockchain technology biometric fuzzy feature for electrical equipment maintenance.Compared with previous blockchain transactions,the time-stamped fuzzy biometric signature proposed in this paper overcomes the difficulty that the key is easy to be stolen by hackers and can protect the security of information during operation and maintenance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.展开更多
The use of clicker technology as a tool for promoting learning, let along deep learning, is hotly debated and has its proponents and opponents. With the question still open, this paper examines the use of this technol...The use of clicker technology as a tool for promoting learning, let along deep learning, is hotly debated and has its proponents and opponents. With the question still open, this paper examines the use of this technology in fostering critical thinking and other higher-order learning and team-building skills, in the context of two entry-level psychology courses. The results obtained indicate that from the perspectives of both the student and the instructor, the integration of this technology was positively perceived to enhance the learning process and the acquisition of these skills. It would seem these concepts are, after all, not antithetical.展开更多
This paper investigates the current situation of Modern Educational Technology （MET） as program resources for college English teaching, exploring the effectiveness of the integration of MET and language teaching and...This paper investigates the current situation of Modern Educational Technology （MET） as program resources for college English teaching, exploring the effectiveness of the integration of MET and language teaching and learning. The case study in this paper illustrates that MET does benefit college English teaching but there are many problems of its application. Pedagogical implications are then provided to enhance the effective integration of MET and language teaching and learning： （1） it is wise for the teachers and learners to reconcile what is desirable with what is acceptable and possible in MET application; （2） teachers should optimize other existing resources to solve the problems caused by inequality and unavailability of MET; （3） teachers should have a clear conception of the relationship of MET and pedagogy to design and apply courseware appropriately; （4） students have beliefs in the benefits of MET, resulting in enhancing their individual language learning and efficiency.展开更多
Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s ...Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.展开更多
Artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered significant interest within the educational domain over the past decade, promising to revolutionise teaching and learning. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of syst...Artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered significant interest within the educational domain over the past decade, promising to revolutionise teaching and learning. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of systematic reviews conducted from 2010 to 2023 on the implementation of AI in K-12 education. By synthesising findings from ten selected systematic reviews, this study explores the multifaceted opportunities and challenges posed by AI in education. The analysis reveals several key findings: AI’s potential to personalise learning, enhance student motivation, and improve teaching efficiency are highlighted as major strengths. However, the study also identifies critical concerns, including teacher resistance, high implementation costs, ethical considerations, and the need for extensive teacher training. These findings represent the most significant insights from the analysis, while additional findings further underscore the complexity and scope of AI integration in educational settings. The study employs a SWOT analysis to summarise these insights, identifying key areas for future research and policy development. This review aims to guide educators, policymakers, and researchers in effectively leveraging AI to enhance educational outcomes while addressing its inherent challenges.展开更多
Ganoderma lucidum,a medicinal mushroom renowned for its production of a diverse array of compounds,accounts for the pharmacological effects including anti-infammatory,antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and anticancer charac...Ganoderma lucidum,a medicinal mushroom renowned for its production of a diverse array of compounds,accounts for the pharmacological effects including anti-infammatory,antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and anticancer characteristics.Thus,it is recognized as a valuable species of interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to its important medicinal properties.Recent advances in omics technologies such as genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics have considerably increased our understanding of the bioactives in G.lucidum.This review explores the application of molecular breeding techniques to enhance both the yield and quality of G.lucidum across the food,pharmaceutical,and industrial sectors.The article discusses the current state of research on the use of contemporary omics technologies which studies and highlights future research directions that may increase the production of bioactive compounds for their therapeutic potential.Additionally,predictive methods with computational studies have recently emerged as effective tools for investigating bioactive constituents in G.lucidum,providing an organized and cost-effective strategy for understanding their bioactivity,interactions,and possible therapeutic uses.Omics and machine learning techniques can be applied to identify the candidates for pharmaceutical applications and to enhance the production of bioactive compounds in G.lucidum.The quantifcation and production of the bioactive compounds can be streamlined by the integrating computational study of bioactive compounds with non-destructive predictive machine learning models of the same.Synergistically,these techniques have the potential to be a promising approach for the future prediction of the bioactive constituents,without compromising the integrity of the fungal organism.展开更多
The present article broaches aspects related to the management of the innovation process of a small company that works in the food industry of Manaus; the authors focus on the current types and levels of technological...The present article broaches aspects related to the management of the innovation process of a small company that works in the food industry of Manaus; the authors focus on the current types and levels of technological competencies existent in the company, describe their technological learning process and emphasize the innovation system that provides the organizational development support. This paper is based on a specific individual study and on empirical evidence collected using various techniques. It demonstrates how the management of the technological learning process and the innovation system boost the growth trajectory in a small company, by the fact that they contribute to the effective development of technological competencies considered fundamental to perfect the level of competitiveness of the company.展开更多
In recent years,the enabling role of technology has been widely recognized in second language teaching and learning.Using a co-word analysis approach,this study aims to present the state-ofthe-art current literature i...In recent years,the enabling role of technology has been widely recognized in second language teaching and learning.Using a co-word analysis approach,this study aims to present the state-ofthe-art current literature in technology enhanced language learning.The analysis results show that most popular research themes from 2010 to 2020 are CMC,L2 writing,teacher education,L2 motivation,students’attitudes,SLA,L2 vocabulary learning,L2 reading,EFL,and L2 learners.Compared with these key themes,publications on technology enhanced teaching Chinese as a foreign language focus more on the investigation of the effectiveness of the use of latest technologies such as smart phones,virtual reality,intelligent tools,and gamification.Based on the findings of these investigations,the latest developments in these areas are synthesized and presented accordingly.In addition,newly-emerged key themes about the co-word analysis are also reported and their contributions to future investigations is briefly discussed.The implications for future research in technology enhanced teaching Chinese as a foreign language is also discussed.展开更多
Machine learning is the use of computers to learn the intrinsic laws and information contained in data through algorithms to gain new experience and knowledge,in order to improve the intelligence of computers,so that ...Machine learning is the use of computers to learn the intrinsic laws and information contained in data through algorithms to gain new experience and knowledge,in order to improve the intelligence of computers,so that they can make decisions similar to those made by humans when faced with problems.With the development of various industries,the amount of data has increased and the efficiency of data processing and analysis has become more demanding,a series of machine learning algorithms have emerged.Machine learning algorithms are essentially steps and processes that apply a large number of statistical principles to solve optimisation problems.Appropriate machine learning algorithms can be used to solve practical problems more efficiently for a wide range of model requirements.This paper presents the interim state of a dynamic disruption management software solution for logistics,using machine learning methods to study the extent to which stress is predicted based on physiological and subjective parameters,to prevent physical and mental stress on workers in the logistics industry,to maintain their health,to make them more optimistic and better able to adapt to their work,and to facilitate more accurate deployment of human resources by companies according to the real-time requirements of the logistics industry.展开更多
Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world,and its yield is closely related to global food security.The number of ears is important for wheat breeding and yield estimation.Therefore,automated wheat ear counting ...Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world,and its yield is closely related to global food security.The number of ears is important for wheat breeding and yield estimation.Therefore,automated wheat ear counting techniques are essential for breeding high-yield varieties and increasing grain yield.However,all existing methods require position-level annotation for training,implying that a large amount of labor is required for annotation,limiting the application and development of deep learning technology in the agricultural field.To address this problem,we propose a count-supervised multiscale perceptive wheat counting network(CSNet,count-supervised network),which aims to achieve accurate counting of wheat ears using quantity information.In particular,in the absence of location information,CSNet adopts MLP-Mixer to construct a multiscale perception module with a global receptive field that implements the learning of small target attention maps between wheat ear features.We conduct comparative experiments on a publicly available global wheat head detection dataset,showing that the proposed count-supervised strategy outperforms existing position-supervised methods in terms of mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE).This superior performance indicates that the proposed approach has a positive impact on improving ear counts and reducing labeling costs,demonstrating its great potential for agricultural counting tasks.The code is available at .展开更多
The diffusion of new energy vehicles(NEVs),such as battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and fuel cell vehicles(FCVs),is critical to the transportation sector's deep decarbonization.The cost of energy chains is an import...The diffusion of new energy vehicles(NEVs),such as battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and fuel cell vehicles(FCVs),is critical to the transportation sector's deep decarbonization.The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs.Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs,little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential.Thus,relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs.This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various(competing or coordinated)energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission,hydrogen production and transportation,power-to-liquid fuel,and fuel transportation.The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect.Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs,FCVs,and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)are approximately 3.60,4.31,and 2.21 yuan/GJ,respectively,and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50,6.15,and 7.51 yuan/GJ,respectively.These costs primarily include raw material costs and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs.In consideration of the technological learning effect,the energy chains'well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected todecrease by 24.82%for BEVs,27.12%for FCVs,and 19.25%for ICEVs by 2060.This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.展开更多
文摘With the use of multimedia which combines the use o f text, sound, images, motion video and animation, it is more efficient for studen ts to learn mould design interactively. A program is created using several multi media software to simulate the mechanism of moulding processes in order to let s tudents understand the concept of mould design. In addition, students can even access the program through the Internet. Therefore, the software is defined as Multimedia and Internet Technology (MIT) program. The MIT program consists of four sections: (i) simulation of mould mechanisms, ( ii) cooling system, (iii) material information and (iv) games for tutorials. Sec tion One covers the basic operations of different types of moulds such as two-p late mould, three-plate mould, split mould, side-core mould and mould with und ercuts. Section Two introduces different types of cooling systems such as bubble r, baffle, cooling circuits, etc. Section Three provides some useful material in formation for mould design. Section Four contains games of matching mould compon ents, mould design problem finding and multiple choice questions to test student s how much they understand mould design concept. Multimedia is highly effective particularly in teaching and learning. It changes the nature of learning itself. It makes reading dynamic by giving words an impo rtant new dimension. It allows students to see, hear and do simultaneously, thus significantly reducing average learning time. Furthermore, through cooperative learning on Internet, students can access the program, share data or search info rmation anytime anywhere. Therefore, Multimedia and Internet Technology is one o f the vital aspects to speed up the realization of information age in society.
文摘We describe here ten years of development of a Chinese learning technology and five years of practical experience in integrating this technology in MIT classrooms for intermediate-high and advanced-low students.Key results are as follows:There is no need to disrupt the classroom experience(both for the teacher and the students);Technology provides a sharp increase in learning efficiency and motivation,as confirmed by students;and This overall improvement in learning is achieved by focusing on the efficiency of personal study time.The most salient type of feedback from students falls into two categories:“I wouldn’t have been able to take a class at that level without FullChinese,”and“The use of technology allowed me to prepare for class two to three times faster.”Results were achieved through a slow iterative process during which our learning technology evolved to solve observed needs in acquiring complex new material.
基金This research was funded by science and technology project of State Grid JiangSu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(Research on Key Technologies of power network security digital identity authentication and management and control based on blockchain,Grant No.is J2021021).
文摘The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the system.Therefore,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult problem.This paper proposes an improved time-stamped blockchain technology biometric fuzzy feature for electrical equipment maintenance.Compared with previous blockchain transactions,the time-stamped fuzzy biometric signature proposed in this paper overcomes the difficulty that the key is easy to be stolen by hackers and can protect the security of information during operation and maintenance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
文摘The use of clicker technology as a tool for promoting learning, let along deep learning, is hotly debated and has its proponents and opponents. With the question still open, this paper examines the use of this technology in fostering critical thinking and other higher-order learning and team-building skills, in the context of two entry-level psychology courses. The results obtained indicate that from the perspectives of both the student and the instructor, the integration of this technology was positively perceived to enhance the learning process and the acquisition of these skills. It would seem these concepts are, after all, not antithetical.
文摘This paper investigates the current situation of Modern Educational Technology （MET） as program resources for college English teaching, exploring the effectiveness of the integration of MET and language teaching and learning. The case study in this paper illustrates that MET does benefit college English teaching but there are many problems of its application. Pedagogical implications are then provided to enhance the effective integration of MET and language teaching and learning： （1） it is wise for the teachers and learners to reconcile what is desirable with what is acceptable and possible in MET application; （2） teachers should optimize other existing resources to solve the problems caused by inequality and unavailability of MET; （3） teachers should have a clear conception of the relationship of MET and pedagogy to design and apply courseware appropriately; （4） students have beliefs in the benefits of MET, resulting in enhancing their individual language learning and efficiency.
文摘Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered significant interest within the educational domain over the past decade, promising to revolutionise teaching and learning. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of systematic reviews conducted from 2010 to 2023 on the implementation of AI in K-12 education. By synthesising findings from ten selected systematic reviews, this study explores the multifaceted opportunities and challenges posed by AI in education. The analysis reveals several key findings: AI’s potential to personalise learning, enhance student motivation, and improve teaching efficiency are highlighted as major strengths. However, the study also identifies critical concerns, including teacher resistance, high implementation costs, ethical considerations, and the need for extensive teacher training. These findings represent the most significant insights from the analysis, while additional findings further underscore the complexity and scope of AI integration in educational settings. The study employs a SWOT analysis to summarise these insights, identifying key areas for future research and policy development. This review aims to guide educators, policymakers, and researchers in effectively leveraging AI to enhance educational outcomes while addressing its inherent challenges.
基金funded by DST-SERB,Govt.of India under the CRG project vide sanction order number CRG/2021/001815the financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH–Research Excellence for region Sustainability and High-tech Industries(No.CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048)via the operational Programme Just Transitionpartially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(No.80NM0018D0004)。
文摘Ganoderma lucidum,a medicinal mushroom renowned for its production of a diverse array of compounds,accounts for the pharmacological effects including anti-infammatory,antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and anticancer characteristics.Thus,it is recognized as a valuable species of interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to its important medicinal properties.Recent advances in omics technologies such as genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics have considerably increased our understanding of the bioactives in G.lucidum.This review explores the application of molecular breeding techniques to enhance both the yield and quality of G.lucidum across the food,pharmaceutical,and industrial sectors.The article discusses the current state of research on the use of contemporary omics technologies which studies and highlights future research directions that may increase the production of bioactive compounds for their therapeutic potential.Additionally,predictive methods with computational studies have recently emerged as effective tools for investigating bioactive constituents in G.lucidum,providing an organized and cost-effective strategy for understanding their bioactivity,interactions,and possible therapeutic uses.Omics and machine learning techniques can be applied to identify the candidates for pharmaceutical applications and to enhance the production of bioactive compounds in G.lucidum.The quantifcation and production of the bioactive compounds can be streamlined by the integrating computational study of bioactive compounds with non-destructive predictive machine learning models of the same.Synergistically,these techniques have the potential to be a promising approach for the future prediction of the bioactive constituents,without compromising the integrity of the fungal organism.
文摘The present article broaches aspects related to the management of the innovation process of a small company that works in the food industry of Manaus; the authors focus on the current types and levels of technological competencies existent in the company, describe their technological learning process and emphasize the innovation system that provides the organizational development support. This paper is based on a specific individual study and on empirical evidence collected using various techniques. It demonstrates how the management of the technological learning process and the innovation system boost the growth trajectory in a small company, by the fact that they contribute to the effective development of technological competencies considered fundamental to perfect the level of competitiveness of the company.
基金The 2016 major project of one hundred key research bases of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education Fund 16JJD740004 China。
文摘In recent years,the enabling role of technology has been widely recognized in second language teaching and learning.Using a co-word analysis approach,this study aims to present the state-ofthe-art current literature in technology enhanced language learning.The analysis results show that most popular research themes from 2010 to 2020 are CMC,L2 writing,teacher education,L2 motivation,students’attitudes,SLA,L2 vocabulary learning,L2 reading,EFL,and L2 learners.Compared with these key themes,publications on technology enhanced teaching Chinese as a foreign language focus more on the investigation of the effectiveness of the use of latest technologies such as smart phones,virtual reality,intelligent tools,and gamification.Based on the findings of these investigations,the latest developments in these areas are synthesized and presented accordingly.In addition,newly-emerged key themes about the co-word analysis are also reported and their contributions to future investigations is briefly discussed.The implications for future research in technology enhanced teaching Chinese as a foreign language is also discussed.
文摘Machine learning is the use of computers to learn the intrinsic laws and information contained in data through algorithms to gain new experience and knowledge,in order to improve the intelligence of computers,so that they can make decisions similar to those made by humans when faced with problems.With the development of various industries,the amount of data has increased and the efficiency of data processing and analysis has become more demanding,a series of machine learning algorithms have emerged.Machine learning algorithms are essentially steps and processes that apply a large number of statistical principles to solve optimisation problems.Appropriate machine learning algorithms can be used to solve practical problems more efficiently for a wide range of model requirements.This paper presents the interim state of a dynamic disruption management software solution for logistics,using machine learning methods to study the extent to which stress is predicted based on physiological and subjective parameters,to prevent physical and mental stress on workers in the logistics industry,to maintain their health,to make them more optimistic and better able to adapt to their work,and to facilitate more accurate deployment of human resources by companies according to the real-time requirements of the logistics industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62162008)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(CXTD[2023]027)Guiyang Guian Science and Technology Talent Training Project([2024]2-15).
文摘Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world,and its yield is closely related to global food security.The number of ears is important for wheat breeding and yield estimation.Therefore,automated wheat ear counting techniques are essential for breeding high-yield varieties and increasing grain yield.However,all existing methods require position-level annotation for training,implying that a large amount of labor is required for annotation,limiting the application and development of deep learning technology in the agricultural field.To address this problem,we propose a count-supervised multiscale perceptive wheat counting network(CSNet,count-supervised network),which aims to achieve accurate counting of wheat ears using quantity information.In particular,in the absence of location information,CSNet adopts MLP-Mixer to construct a multiscale perception module with a global receptive field that implements the learning of small target attention maps between wheat ear features.We conduct comparative experiments on a publicly available global wheat head detection dataset,showing that the proposed count-supervised strategy outperforms existing position-supervised methods in terms of mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE).This superior performance indicates that the proposed approach has a positive impact on improving ear counts and reducing labeling costs,demonstrating its great potential for agricultural counting tasks.The code is available at .
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72131007,7214006,and 72074077)Open access funding provided by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA).
文摘The diffusion of new energy vehicles(NEVs),such as battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and fuel cell vehicles(FCVs),is critical to the transportation sector's deep decarbonization.The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs.Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs,little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential.Thus,relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs.This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various(competing or coordinated)energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission,hydrogen production and transportation,power-to-liquid fuel,and fuel transportation.The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect.Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs,FCVs,and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)are approximately 3.60,4.31,and 2.21 yuan/GJ,respectively,and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50,6.15,and 7.51 yuan/GJ,respectively.These costs primarily include raw material costs and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs.In consideration of the technological learning effect,the energy chains'well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected todecrease by 24.82%for BEVs,27.12%for FCVs,and 19.25%for ICEVs by 2060.This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.
