BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic ner...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic nerve system influences hippocampal neurogenesis or learning and memory in adult rats. OBJECTIVE： To observe differences in dentate gyrus neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory, in adult rats following superior cervical ganglionectomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the School of Life Sciences in Lanzhou University from July 2006 to July 2007. MATERIALS： Doublecortin polyclonal antibody was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA; avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbride Biotechnology, China; Morris water maze was bought from Taimeng Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 20 adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into surgery and control groups, with 10 rats in each group. In the surgery group, the bilateral superior cervical ganglions were transected. In the control group, the superior cervical ganglions were only exposed, but no ganglionectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： To examine distribution, morphology, and number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus using doublecortin immunohistochemistry at 36 days following surgical procedures. To examine ability of learning and memory in adult rats using the Morris water maze at 30 days following surgical procedures. RESULTS： Doublecortin immunohistochemical results showed that a reduction in the number of doublecortin-positive neurons in the surgery group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the distribution of doublecortin-positive neurons was identical in the two groups. The surgery group exhibited significantly worse performance in learning and spatial memory tasks compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Superior cervical ganglienectomy inhibited neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and decreased learning and memory abilities in adult rats.展开更多
The present study is conducted by looking into students’ vocabulary notebooks.The subjects of the research are 44 sophomores from the Foreign Languages Department,Beijing Wuzi University. The vocabulary notebooks the...The present study is conducted by looking into students’ vocabulary notebooks.The subjects of the research are 44 sophomores from the Foreign Languages Department,Beijing Wuzi University. The vocabulary notebooks they have kept during an entire semester works as the data of the research. The absence of meaningful collocations enhancing the learning of a word in its fullest sense has been detected together with the lack of various sources choosing words to be listed and the failure of identifying the high frequency words.It provides a useful insight into individual learning style and the pedagogical implications are also highly appraised.The findings of the research might be pessimistic but it otherwise promises a field still worth working in.展开更多
The translating aim of informative text is to convey the accurate meaning to the target language readers.Based on thisfeature,the translator selected Eugene Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory as the translating ...The translating aim of informative text is to convey the accurate meaning to the target language readers.Based on thisfeature,the translator selected Eugene Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory as the translating guidance.With the book Working with Words: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary,this paper analyzes the informative text translation by combing certaintranslation techniques,such as conversion,omission,division and shifting with examples,offering references to the translation ofthe same kind of material.展开更多
Language transfer(LA) is the fundamental notion in language learning. Owing to the difference in area and minorities,the language teaching is particular in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This article aims at presen...Language transfer(LA) is the fundamental notion in language learning. Owing to the difference in area and minorities,the language teaching is particular in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This article aims at presenting the Tri- language Transfer among Uygur, English and Chinese and the interrelationship between them to explore the significant role LA plays.Hopefully, it will give some constructive advice and enlightenment on the development of English teaching and learning among the Uygur students.展开更多
This thesis introduces the Involvement Load put forward by Hulstijn and Laufer, which is of great importance for both second language teachers and learners to improve their retention of second language words.By explor...This thesis introduces the Involvement Load put forward by Hulstijn and Laufer, which is of great importance for both second language teachers and learners to improve their retention of second language words.By exploring the meaning and the effect of Involvement Load, the author here describes how important it is to use Involvement Load effectively to help improve second language learners’ retention of words.Apart from that,an example is given to demonstrate that tasks with a higher involvement load will be effective for vocabulary,retention than tasks with a lower involvement load.Classroom story—creation involving higher involvement load introduced here is well-accepted by the author’s students because they experience a lot of fun in the process of story-making and story-telling.展开更多
This paper is mainly about how the two affective factors—motivation and attitude influence adults' foreign language learning. The topic is discussed from the aspect of some factors which indirectly influence adul...This paper is mainly about how the two affective factors—motivation and attitude influence adults' foreign language learning. The topic is discussed from the aspect of some factors which indirectly influence adults' language learning through influencing their learning motivation. Also positive attitude will promote adult foreign language learning.展开更多
With the time passing by and development of this society,almost everyone has a cell phone,we may see that cell phone as a new fifth medium after computer,having its own characters and advantages,many learners research...With the time passing by and development of this society,almost everyone has a cell phone,we may see that cell phone as a new fifth medium after computer,having its own characters and advantages,many learners research the communica tive function of cell phone and some from the technological level.This thesis aims at trying to reveal cultural functions of culture,aiming at improve cell phone' s learning and culture functions in a more proper way.展开更多
Language and culture are closely related with each other: language is the carrier and a fundamental part of culture, while culture has an intrinsic and indispensable impact on language and is also reflected in languag...Language and culture are closely related with each other: language is the carrier and a fundamental part of culture, while culture has an intrinsic and indispensable impact on language and is also reflected in language. So if in the language learning and teaching, attention is only paid to the linguistic forms but the relationship between language and culture is ignored, then the learner's linguistic ability will not be equivalent to his or her social and cultural communication competence. Especially in the times of globalization with increasing transna tional and cross-cultural communication, the knowledge of cultural background is the must prerequisite for not only the avoidance of cul tural "conflict" but the success of communication. Based on the studies of several cross-cultural communication cases and the analysis of the relationship between language and culture, including the famous Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, this paper is aimed to analyze the intrinsic and in dispensable relationship between language learning and culture learning.展开更多
基金the Key Project of Scientific Research of Ministry of Education, No.106153
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic nerve system influences hippocampal neurogenesis or learning and memory in adult rats. OBJECTIVE： To observe differences in dentate gyrus neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory, in adult rats following superior cervical ganglionectomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the School of Life Sciences in Lanzhou University from July 2006 to July 2007. MATERIALS： Doublecortin polyclonal antibody was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA; avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbride Biotechnology, China; Morris water maze was bought from Taimeng Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 20 adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into surgery and control groups, with 10 rats in each group. In the surgery group, the bilateral superior cervical ganglions were transected. In the control group, the superior cervical ganglions were only exposed, but no ganglionectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： To examine distribution, morphology, and number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus using doublecortin immunohistochemistry at 36 days following surgical procedures. To examine ability of learning and memory in adult rats using the Morris water maze at 30 days following surgical procedures. RESULTS： Doublecortin immunohistochemical results showed that a reduction in the number of doublecortin-positive neurons in the surgery group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the distribution of doublecortin-positive neurons was identical in the two groups. The surgery group exhibited significantly worse performance in learning and spatial memory tasks compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Superior cervical ganglienectomy inhibited neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and decreased learning and memory abilities in adult rats.
文摘The present study is conducted by looking into students’ vocabulary notebooks.The subjects of the research are 44 sophomores from the Foreign Languages Department,Beijing Wuzi University. The vocabulary notebooks they have kept during an entire semester works as the data of the research. The absence of meaningful collocations enhancing the learning of a word in its fullest sense has been detected together with the lack of various sources choosing words to be listed and the failure of identifying the high frequency words.It provides a useful insight into individual learning style and the pedagogical implications are also highly appraised.The findings of the research might be pessimistic but it otherwise promises a field still worth working in.
文摘The translating aim of informative text is to convey the accurate meaning to the target language readers.Based on thisfeature,the translator selected Eugene Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory as the translating guidance.With the book Working with Words: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary,this paper analyzes the informative text translation by combing certaintranslation techniques,such as conversion,omission,division and shifting with examples,offering references to the translation ofthe same kind of material.
文摘Language transfer(LA) is the fundamental notion in language learning. Owing to the difference in area and minorities,the language teaching is particular in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This article aims at presenting the Tri- language Transfer among Uygur, English and Chinese and the interrelationship between them to explore the significant role LA plays.Hopefully, it will give some constructive advice and enlightenment on the development of English teaching and learning among the Uygur students.
文摘This thesis introduces the Involvement Load put forward by Hulstijn and Laufer, which is of great importance for both second language teachers and learners to improve their retention of second language words.By exploring the meaning and the effect of Involvement Load, the author here describes how important it is to use Involvement Load effectively to help improve second language learners’ retention of words.Apart from that,an example is given to demonstrate that tasks with a higher involvement load will be effective for vocabulary,retention than tasks with a lower involvement load.Classroom story—creation involving higher involvement load introduced here is well-accepted by the author’s students because they experience a lot of fun in the process of story-making and story-telling.
文摘This paper is mainly about how the two affective factors—motivation and attitude influence adults' foreign language learning. The topic is discussed from the aspect of some factors which indirectly influence adults' language learning through influencing their learning motivation. Also positive attitude will promote adult foreign language learning.
文摘With the time passing by and development of this society,almost everyone has a cell phone,we may see that cell phone as a new fifth medium after computer,having its own characters and advantages,many learners research the communica tive function of cell phone and some from the technological level.This thesis aims at trying to reveal cultural functions of culture,aiming at improve cell phone' s learning and culture functions in a more proper way.
文摘Language and culture are closely related with each other: language is the carrier and a fundamental part of culture, while culture has an intrinsic and indispensable impact on language and is also reflected in language. So if in the language learning and teaching, attention is only paid to the linguistic forms but the relationship between language and culture is ignored, then the learner's linguistic ability will not be equivalent to his or her social and cultural communication competence. Especially in the times of globalization with increasing transna tional and cross-cultural communication, the knowledge of cultural background is the must prerequisite for not only the avoidance of cul tural "conflict" but the success of communication. Based on the studies of several cross-cultural communication cases and the analysis of the relationship between language and culture, including the famous Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, this paper is aimed to analyze the intrinsic and in dispensable relationship between language learning and culture learning.
