The trade-off between leaf size and leafing intensity(i.e.,the number of leaves per unit stem size)is a key axis of trait covariation across the diversity of plant foliage deployment.However,the functional significanc...The trade-off between leaf size and leafing intensity(i.e.,the number of leaves per unit stem size)is a key axis of trait covariation across the diversity of plant foliage deployment.However,the functional significance of leafing intensity and its possible combinations with leaf size in dealing with water limitation remains unclear.Using Populus euphratica as an illustrative tree species growing in hyper-arid climates,we investigated how leaf size and leafing intensity co-varied under varying water stresses.In the Ebinor lowlands and the upper reaches of the Tarim River(NW China),we sampled>1800 current-year twigs from 505 trees across 14 sites along a climatic gradient characterized by precipitation,potential evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit.Leafing intensity based on stem mass(LIM)decreased with climatic aridity,primarily due to greater stem mass,but not fewer leaves.This indicates a higher investment in structural support for leaf attachment under water stress.Both leaf area and mass decreased with LIM at a lower-than-proportional rate,with the decrease in leaf size being more pronounced under drier climates.This suggests that higher LIM incurs a high cost of reducing leaf size in water-limited habitats.These findings challenge the assumption that higher leafing intensity always confers an advantage ready for environmental stresses due to higher developmental flexibility offered by more axillary buds.Rather,we propose that a strategy of lower leafing intensity,with greater structural support for leaf attachment and less compromise in leaf size,can be advantageous under water limitation.展开更多
The leafing rates of fourteen rice varieties were measured in a sowing-time experiment, and a rapid leafing genotype at the vegetative growth stage was discovered in an indica variety Yanhui 559. The leaf number on th...The leafing rates of fourteen rice varieties were measured in a sowing-time experiment, and a rapid leafing genotype at the vegetative growth stage was discovered in an indica variety Yanhui 559. The leaf number on the main culm of Yanhui 559 was always 4-5 leaves more than that of Lemont, and the leafing rate of Yanhui 559 was significantly higher than that of Lemont based on similar growth durations from sowing to heading. Furthermore, the difference of the leafing rate was significant at the vegetative growth stage, but not distinctive at the panicle initiation stage. Genetic analysis of the leafing rates in the two backcross populations of Yanhui 559 and Lemont showed that major and quantitative genes controlled the expression of rapid leafing character. Based on results of investigation for some plants with similar growth durations in the backcrossing populations, the rapid leafing genotypes exhibited earlier tillering and more tiller numbers per plant, and its yield components including the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle were superior to those of the slow leafing genotypes. Further research and application feasibility of the rapid leafing genotype in breeding were discussed.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the species composition of pathogens causing leaf spot disease in yellow peach in Loudi area of Hunan Province and to screen effective control agents.[Methods]Twenty lea...[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the species composition of pathogens causing leaf spot disease in yellow peach in Loudi area of Hunan Province and to screen effective control agents.[Methods]Twenty leaf spot samples were collected from yellow peach planting bases in Lengshuijiang and Shuangjiang,Loudi City.Two isolates were obtained through tissue isolation and purification.Identification was performed based on morphological characteristics combined with rDNA-ITS and Bt-2a gene sequence analysis and pathogenicity assay.[Results]The pathogen causing yellow peach leaf spot in this area was Botryosphaeria dothidea.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference basis for the prevention and control of yellow peach leaf spot in Loudi area.展开更多
Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,alt...Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,although they cannot detect the diurnal peak when a significant part of stomatal O_(3)uptake occurs.This results into uncertainties for the calculation of stomatal O_(3)uptake.This study compares the stomatal-flux-based POD1(phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1))for forest trees/shrubs estimated from data collected by either passive samplers or active O_(3)monitors to evaluate O_(3)damage to plants in terms of O_(3)VFI in the Southern Alps.The study was conducted over two years(2018-2019)in a mountainous Alpine area(Valle Stura,Italy).An integrative monitoring station for active O_(3)monitoring,as well as passive O_(3)monitors,were installed in an open field area(OFD).The O_(3)VFI was investigated in woody species in the light exposed sampling Site(LESS—Betula pendula,Fagus sylvatica,Larix decidua,Populus tremula,Salix caprea,Rubus sp.and Vaccinium myrtillus)in late summer according to the international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests(ICP Forests)manual.The results confirmed that Fagus sylvatica and Rubus sp.are O_(3)-sensitive species showing relatively high POD1(>20 mmol m-2),while Larix decidua is O_(3)-tolerant.We derived flux-based critical levels(CL)corresponding to the presence of O_(3)VFI(5,25,and 50%of symptomatic plants along the LESS)from flux-effect relationships for forest protection against O_(3)VFI.The results support the hypothesis that passive samplers cannot detect episodic high stomatal O₃fluxes(>1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1)).According to the active monitoring,the CL for O_(3)VFI occurrence was estimated to be 17.1 mmol m-2 POD1 for 25%presence and 34.3 mmol m-2 POD1 for 50%presence of symptomatic plants,while passive samplers underestimated POD1 values for CL calculations by 17%on average,with underestimation increasing at higher CL thresholds.The findings demonstrate that active monitoring refines CLs towards a proper quantitative assessment of O_(3)impact,particularly in capturing peak flux events that are crucial for evaluating plant damage and emphasizes the importance of active O₃monitoring for reliable forest health assessments.展开更多
The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgr...The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgrowing afforestation species made significant contributions to enhancing carbon sequestration.However,the impact of understory vegetation on carbon accumulation remains unclear.Especially,the carbon accumulation associated with litter produced during the replacement of understory species receives insufficient attention,which leads to the neglect of the carbon sequestration potential in plantations of karst areas.Leaf is a crucial organ that links the litter production.To explore how leaf traits adapt to competitive environments and drive litter carbon accumulation during understory species replacement,this study observed leaf traits and litter carbon content changes in three types of plantations in the Liujiang River Basin,a typical karst area.A total of 37 sampling plots were selected for field investigation over a twoyear period.Leaf traits,species diversity,vegetation coverage,and litter carbon characteristics in understory vegetation were measured.Variance analysis,allometric equations,and path analysis were used for data analysis.The results showed that most understory species adopted a biomass conservation strategy under high-coverage conditions(>44.27%)and expanded competitive leaf area under low-coverage conditions(<44.27%).However,Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus exhibited strong competitiveness during understory species replacement.They showed an expansion of competitive leaf area under high-coverage conditions.This competitive strategy reduced species diversity and community specific leaf area.But the rapid expansion of Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus increased understory vegetation coverage,and their increased specific leaf area facilitated leaf shedding,resulting in significant litter weight accumulation(P<0.05),thereby enhancing litter carbon content per unit area.These competitive strategies were key driving factors for the increase in litter carbon content per square meter,which reached a maximum of 49.6% higher than that in natural grasslands.And the maximum increase in litter carbon accumulation derived from understory vegetation reached 3.37 times from 2023 to 2024 in plantations.In the understory vegetation of plantations,the competitive strategies reflected by leaf adaptation of key competitive species are critical factors influencing litter carbon accumulation.Future research could deeply explore the carbon sequestration effects resulting from the dynamic changes in competition within the understory vegetation of plantations.展开更多
Detailed individual tree crown segmentation is highly relevant for the detection and monitoring of Fraxinus excelsior L.trees affected by ash dieback,a major threat to common ash populations across Europe.In this stud...Detailed individual tree crown segmentation is highly relevant for the detection and monitoring of Fraxinus excelsior L.trees affected by ash dieback,a major threat to common ash populations across Europe.In this study,both fine and coarse crown segmentation methods were applied to close-range multispectral UAV imagery.The fine tree crown segmentation method utilized a novel unsupervised machine learning approach based on a blended NIR-NDVI image,whereas the coarse segmentation relied on the segment anything model(SAM).Both methods successfully delineated tree crown outlines,however,only the fine segmentation accurately captured internal canopy gaps.Despite these structural differences,mean NDVI values calculated per tree crown revealed no significant differences between the two approaches,indicating that coarse segmentation is sufficient for mean vegetation index assessments.Nevertheless,the fine segmentation revealed increased heterogeneity in NDVI values in more severely damaged trees,underscoring its value for detailed structural and health analyses.Furthermore,the fine segmentation workflow proved transferable to both individual UAV images and orthophotos from broader UAV surveys.For applications focused on structural integrity and spatial variation in canopy health,the fine segmentation approach is recommended.展开更多
Background As living standards improve,consumers are placing greater emphasis on the enhancement of fish flesh quality,making its improvement increasingly critical.Plant-derived polysaccharides positively affect the i...Background As living standards improve,consumers are placing greater emphasis on the enhancement of fish flesh quality,making its improvement increasingly critical.Plant-derived polysaccharides positively affect the improvement of animal flesh quality.Panax ginseng leaf polysaccharides(PGLP)have a similar composition and lower cost compared with Panax ginseng root polysaccharides.However,its function and application effects in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)are unclear.Methods A total of 540 sub-adult grass carp(679±1.29 g),one of the important economic fish species,were used as experimental models and fed diets supplemented with 0,100,200,300,400,or 500 mg/kg PGLP for 60 d.After 60 d,grass carp were weighed,and their muscles were collected to explore the effects of PGLP on the growth and development of myofibers and energy metabolism-related parameters.Results Our study found that PGLP increased the growth performance and muscle nutritional composition as well as improved muscle hardness,springiness,cohesiveness,chewiness,and hyperplasia of myofibers of sub-adult grass carp.Besides,PGLP promoted muscle energy metabolism by increasing creatine,glycogen,pyruvate,and acetyl-CoA contents and creatine kinase(CK),pyruvate kinase(PK),phosphofructokinase(PFK),and hexokinase(HK)activities,while decreasing lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity and lactate content in fish muscle.Finally,our study found that PGLP enhanced mitochondrial function by increasing the protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I–V,biogenesis,and fusion and decreasing autophagy and fission in fish muscle.Conclusions PGLP improved growth performance and flesh quality of sub-adult grass carp,which may be related to enhancing hyperplasia of myofibers by promoting energy metabolism.We concluded that the recommended amount of PGLP in sub-adult grass carp feed to optimize growth performance is 100–200 mg/kg.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of PGLP in fish feed and for the analysis of the mechanism of nutrition and feed regulating fish flesh quality,which is of great significance.展开更多
Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels o...Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels on growth,photosynthesis,and secondary metabolite accumulation in red leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.‘Super Caesar’s Red’).Plants were cultivated for three weeks in sealed chambers under 101 kPa(atmospheric pressure),66 kPa(moderate low pressure),and 33 kPa(severe low pressure).Growth analysis showed that leaf length and leaf area decreased significantly with reduced pressure,while chlorophyll content and SPAD values increased gradually.Photosynthetic measurements indicated lower transpiration and stomatal conductance under low pressure relative to atmospheric conditions,consistent with reduced stomatal size and density observed by SEM.Secondary metabolite analysis showed strong induction of anthocyanins(41.3%at 66 kPa and 190.8%at 33 kPa),with significant increases in phenolic and flavonoid contents.Thus,low-pressure conditions may suppress morphological growth but promote secondary metabolite contents,offering potential advantages for quality-oriented cultivation strategies.This study provides fundamental insights into physiological adaptation under low pressure and practical implications for crop selection and management in space agriculture and other controlled environments.展开更多
Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify...Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.展开更多
The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to en...The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to environmental changes and nutrient availability.However,limited research has been conducted on long-term temporal leaf N:P variation over a range of temperature zones.Using long-term monitoring data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN),we investigated temporal changes in leaf N and P stoichiometry for 50 dominant tree species from 10 typical forest sites across temperate and subtropical regions,and identified the underlying mechanisms driving these changes.For both regions combined,leaf P concentration of the 50 dominant tree species decreased(20.6%),whereas leaf N:P increased(52.0%)from 2005 to 2020.Leaf P decreased and leaf N:P increased in 67% and 69% of the tree species,respectively.The leaf N:P increase was primarily driven by the tree species in eastern subtropical forests,where global change factors and soil nutrients explained 68% of leaf N:P variation.The P limitation exhibited by tree species in eastern subtropical forest ecosystems intensified over time,and elevated temperature and CO_(2) levels,coupled with decreased soil available P concentrations,appear to be the main factors driving long-term leaf N:P increases in these forests.Investigating long-term variations in soil nutrients together with global change factors will improve our understanding of the nutrient status of forest ecosystems in the context of global change and will support effective forest ecosystem management.展开更多
Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction ...Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.展开更多
DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Ca...DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.展开更多
The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and surv...The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and survival.While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied,the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood.This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China.The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits(e.g.,vessel lumen diameter,xylem vessel density,stomatal density,and stomatal size)and leaf anatomical traits(e.g.,total leaf thickness,lower/upper epidermis thickness,and spongy thickness).The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree,which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season.In contrast,deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate.The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.展开更多
Leaf turgor loss point has been recognized as an important plant physiological trait explaining a species’drought tolerance( π_(tlp)).Less is known about the variation of π_(tlp) in time and how seasonal or interan...Leaf turgor loss point has been recognized as an important plant physiological trait explaining a species’drought tolerance( π_(tlp)).Less is known about the variation of π_(tlp) in time and how seasonal or interannual differences in water availability are affecting π_(tlp) as a static trait.I monitored the seasonal variation of π_(tlp) during a drought year starting in early spring with juvenile leaves and assessed the interannual variation in π_(tlp) of fully matured leaves among years with diverting water availability for three temperate broad-leaved tree species.The largest seasonal changes in π_(tlp) occurred during leaf unfolding until leaves were fully developed and matured.After leaves matured,no significant changes occurred for the rest of the vegetation period.Interannual variation that could be related to water availability was only present in one of the three tree species.The results suggest that the investigated species have a rapid period of osmotic adjustment early in the growing season followed by a period of relative stability,when π_(tlp) can be considered as a static trait.展开更多
While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(...While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifical...Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifically H_(2)O_(2)derived from roots and mediated by the respiratory burst oxidase homolog(NADPH),plays a significant role in regulating ion and plant hormone homeostasis in glycophytic plants,such as Arabidopsis.However,the extent to which root-derived H_(2)O_(2)fulfils similar functions in halophytic plants remains uncertain.Therefore,our study aimed to explore the potential contribution of root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in delaying leaf senescence induced by high salinity,utilizing seashore paspalum as a model halophytic plant.The application of the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor DPI,coupled with a series of leaf senescence analyses,we revealed that root-derived H_(2)O_(2)significantly retards salt-induced leaf senescence.Furthermore,through the application of hormone analysis,lipidomics,ionomics,Non-invasive Micro-test Technology(NMT),and transcriptomics,we established that NADPH-dependent H_(2)O_(2)induced by salt stress in the roots was indispensable for maintaining the balance of the aging hormone,jasmonic acid(JA),and sodium ion homeostasis within this halophytic plant.Finally,by utilizing AtrbohD Arabidopsis mutants and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGs)in Paspalum vaginatum,we demonstrated the pivotal role played by root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in upholding JA homeostasis and regulating JA-triggered leaf senescence in P.vaginatum.This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms that govern plant leaf senescence and its response to salinity-induced stress.展开更多
The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,...The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.展开更多
Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene ha...Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460329)the Bintuan Science&Technology Program(2024AB075)to L.H.+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360279)an open program from the Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Tarim Basin(BRZD2004).
文摘The trade-off between leaf size and leafing intensity(i.e.,the number of leaves per unit stem size)is a key axis of trait covariation across the diversity of plant foliage deployment.However,the functional significance of leafing intensity and its possible combinations with leaf size in dealing with water limitation remains unclear.Using Populus euphratica as an illustrative tree species growing in hyper-arid climates,we investigated how leaf size and leafing intensity co-varied under varying water stresses.In the Ebinor lowlands and the upper reaches of the Tarim River(NW China),we sampled>1800 current-year twigs from 505 trees across 14 sites along a climatic gradient characterized by precipitation,potential evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit.Leafing intensity based on stem mass(LIM)decreased with climatic aridity,primarily due to greater stem mass,but not fewer leaves.This indicates a higher investment in structural support for leaf attachment under water stress.Both leaf area and mass decreased with LIM at a lower-than-proportional rate,with the decrease in leaf size being more pronounced under drier climates.This suggests that higher LIM incurs a high cost of reducing leaf size in water-limited habitats.These findings challenge the assumption that higher leafing intensity always confers an advantage ready for environmental stresses due to higher developmental flexibility offered by more axillary buds.Rather,we propose that a strategy of lower leafing intensity,with greater structural support for leaf attachment and less compromise in leaf size,can be advantageous under water limitation.
文摘The leafing rates of fourteen rice varieties were measured in a sowing-time experiment, and a rapid leafing genotype at the vegetative growth stage was discovered in an indica variety Yanhui 559. The leaf number on the main culm of Yanhui 559 was always 4-5 leaves more than that of Lemont, and the leafing rate of Yanhui 559 was significantly higher than that of Lemont based on similar growth durations from sowing to heading. Furthermore, the difference of the leafing rate was significant at the vegetative growth stage, but not distinctive at the panicle initiation stage. Genetic analysis of the leafing rates in the two backcross populations of Yanhui 559 and Lemont showed that major and quantitative genes controlled the expression of rapid leafing character. Based on results of investigation for some plants with similar growth durations in the backcrossing populations, the rapid leafing genotypes exhibited earlier tillering and more tiller numbers per plant, and its yield components including the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle were superior to those of the slow leafing genotypes. Further research and application feasibility of the rapid leafing genotype in breeding were discussed.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ72572025JJ70341)+1 种基金Research and Innovation Project of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology(ZSCX2024Y11)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410553043).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the species composition of pathogens causing leaf spot disease in yellow peach in Loudi area of Hunan Province and to screen effective control agents.[Methods]Twenty leaf spot samples were collected from yellow peach planting bases in Lengshuijiang and Shuangjiang,Loudi City.Two isolates were obtained through tissue isolation and purification.Identification was performed based on morphological characteristics combined with rDNA-ITS and Bt-2a gene sequence analysis and pathogenicity assay.[Results]The pathogen causing yellow peach leaf spot in this area was Botryosphaeria dothidea.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference basis for the prevention and control of yellow peach leaf spot in Loudi area.
基金supported by the INTERREG ALCOTRA project MITIMPACT,PNRR for Mission 4(Component 2,Notice 3264/2021,IR0000032)-ITINERIS-Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructure System CUP B53C22002150006Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4-Call for tender No.3138 of December 16,2021,rectified by Decree n.3175 of December 18,2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,Award Number:Project code CN_00000033,Concession Decree No.1034 of June 17,2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP,H43C22000530001 Project title“National Biodiversity Future Center-NBFC”(Spoke 3 and 5)AP and IP were supported by the FOR-CLIMSOC Programme,Project ID PN23090101,financed by the Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digitization in Romania.
文摘Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,although they cannot detect the diurnal peak when a significant part of stomatal O_(3)uptake occurs.This results into uncertainties for the calculation of stomatal O_(3)uptake.This study compares the stomatal-flux-based POD1(phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1))for forest trees/shrubs estimated from data collected by either passive samplers or active O_(3)monitors to evaluate O_(3)damage to plants in terms of O_(3)VFI in the Southern Alps.The study was conducted over two years(2018-2019)in a mountainous Alpine area(Valle Stura,Italy).An integrative monitoring station for active O_(3)monitoring,as well as passive O_(3)monitors,were installed in an open field area(OFD).The O_(3)VFI was investigated in woody species in the light exposed sampling Site(LESS—Betula pendula,Fagus sylvatica,Larix decidua,Populus tremula,Salix caprea,Rubus sp.and Vaccinium myrtillus)in late summer according to the international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests(ICP Forests)manual.The results confirmed that Fagus sylvatica and Rubus sp.are O_(3)-sensitive species showing relatively high POD1(>20 mmol m-2),while Larix decidua is O_(3)-tolerant.We derived flux-based critical levels(CL)corresponding to the presence of O_(3)VFI(5,25,and 50%of symptomatic plants along the LESS)from flux-effect relationships for forest protection against O_(3)VFI.The results support the hypothesis that passive samplers cannot detect episodic high stomatal O₃fluxes(>1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1)).According to the active monitoring,the CL for O_(3)VFI occurrence was estimated to be 17.1 mmol m-2 POD1 for 25%presence and 34.3 mmol m-2 POD1 for 50%presence of symptomatic plants,while passive samplers underestimated POD1 values for CL calculations by 17%on average,with underestimation increasing at higher CL thresholds.The findings demonstrate that active monitoring refines CLs towards a proper quantitative assessment of O_(3)impact,particularly in capturing peak flux events that are crucial for evaluating plant damage and emphasizes the importance of active O₃monitoring for reliable forest health assessments.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation supported by Yunnan Agricultural University(A3012024035044)International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42361144885).
文摘The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgrowing afforestation species made significant contributions to enhancing carbon sequestration.However,the impact of understory vegetation on carbon accumulation remains unclear.Especially,the carbon accumulation associated with litter produced during the replacement of understory species receives insufficient attention,which leads to the neglect of the carbon sequestration potential in plantations of karst areas.Leaf is a crucial organ that links the litter production.To explore how leaf traits adapt to competitive environments and drive litter carbon accumulation during understory species replacement,this study observed leaf traits and litter carbon content changes in three types of plantations in the Liujiang River Basin,a typical karst area.A total of 37 sampling plots were selected for field investigation over a twoyear period.Leaf traits,species diversity,vegetation coverage,and litter carbon characteristics in understory vegetation were measured.Variance analysis,allometric equations,and path analysis were used for data analysis.The results showed that most understory species adopted a biomass conservation strategy under high-coverage conditions(>44.27%)and expanded competitive leaf area under low-coverage conditions(<44.27%).However,Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus exhibited strong competitiveness during understory species replacement.They showed an expansion of competitive leaf area under high-coverage conditions.This competitive strategy reduced species diversity and community specific leaf area.But the rapid expansion of Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus increased understory vegetation coverage,and their increased specific leaf area facilitated leaf shedding,resulting in significant litter weight accumulation(P<0.05),thereby enhancing litter carbon content per unit area.These competitive strategies were key driving factors for the increase in litter carbon content per square meter,which reached a maximum of 49.6% higher than that in natural grasslands.And the maximum increase in litter carbon accumulation derived from understory vegetation reached 3.37 times from 2023 to 2024 in plantations.In the understory vegetation of plantations,the competitive strategies reflected by leaf adaptation of key competitive species are critical factors influencing litter carbon accumulation.Future research could deeply explore the carbon sequestration effects resulting from the dynamic changes in competition within the understory vegetation of plantations.
基金This study was conducted within the project FraxVir“Detection,characterisation and analyses of the occurrence of viruses and ash dieback in special stands of Fraxinus excelsior-a supplementary study to the FraxForFuture demonstration project”and receives funding via the Waldklimafonds(WKF)funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMEL)and Federal Ministry for the Environment,Nature Conservation,Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection(BMUV)administrated by the Agency for Renewable Resources(FNR)under grant agreement 2220WK40A4.
文摘Detailed individual tree crown segmentation is highly relevant for the detection and monitoring of Fraxinus excelsior L.trees affected by ash dieback,a major threat to common ash populations across Europe.In this study,both fine and coarse crown segmentation methods were applied to close-range multispectral UAV imagery.The fine tree crown segmentation method utilized a novel unsupervised machine learning approach based on a blended NIR-NDVI image,whereas the coarse segmentation relied on the segment anything model(SAM).Both methods successfully delineated tree crown outlines,however,only the fine segmentation accurately captured internal canopy gaps.Despite these structural differences,mean NDVI values calculated per tree crown revealed no significant differences between the two approaches,indicating that coarse segmentation is sufficient for mean vegetation index assessments.Nevertheless,the fine segmentation revealed increased heterogeneity in NDVI values in more severely damaged trees,underscoring its value for detailed structural and health analyses.Furthermore,the fine segmentation workflow proved transferable to both individual UAV images and orthophotos from broader UAV surveys.For applications focused on structural integrity and spatial variation in canopy health,the fine segmentation approach is recommended.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20250)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2400600)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project(2023JDRC0043)Sichuan Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2024-15)。
文摘Background As living standards improve,consumers are placing greater emphasis on the enhancement of fish flesh quality,making its improvement increasingly critical.Plant-derived polysaccharides positively affect the improvement of animal flesh quality.Panax ginseng leaf polysaccharides(PGLP)have a similar composition and lower cost compared with Panax ginseng root polysaccharides.However,its function and application effects in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)are unclear.Methods A total of 540 sub-adult grass carp(679±1.29 g),one of the important economic fish species,were used as experimental models and fed diets supplemented with 0,100,200,300,400,or 500 mg/kg PGLP for 60 d.After 60 d,grass carp were weighed,and their muscles were collected to explore the effects of PGLP on the growth and development of myofibers and energy metabolism-related parameters.Results Our study found that PGLP increased the growth performance and muscle nutritional composition as well as improved muscle hardness,springiness,cohesiveness,chewiness,and hyperplasia of myofibers of sub-adult grass carp.Besides,PGLP promoted muscle energy metabolism by increasing creatine,glycogen,pyruvate,and acetyl-CoA contents and creatine kinase(CK),pyruvate kinase(PK),phosphofructokinase(PFK),and hexokinase(HK)activities,while decreasing lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity and lactate content in fish muscle.Finally,our study found that PGLP enhanced mitochondrial function by increasing the protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I–V,biogenesis,and fusion and decreasing autophagy and fission in fish muscle.Conclusions PGLP improved growth performance and flesh quality of sub-adult grass carp,which may be related to enhancing hyperplasia of myofibers by promoting energy metabolism.We concluded that the recommended amount of PGLP in sub-adult grass carp feed to optimize growth performance is 100–200 mg/kg.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of PGLP in fish feed and for the analysis of the mechanism of nutrition and feed regulating fish flesh quality,which is of great significance.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00459463).
文摘Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels on growth,photosynthesis,and secondary metabolite accumulation in red leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.‘Super Caesar’s Red’).Plants were cultivated for three weeks in sealed chambers under 101 kPa(atmospheric pressure),66 kPa(moderate low pressure),and 33 kPa(severe low pressure).Growth analysis showed that leaf length and leaf area decreased significantly with reduced pressure,while chlorophyll content and SPAD values increased gradually.Photosynthetic measurements indicated lower transpiration and stomatal conductance under low pressure relative to atmospheric conditions,consistent with reduced stomatal size and density observed by SEM.Secondary metabolite analysis showed strong induction of anthocyanins(41.3%at 66 kPa and 190.8%at 33 kPa),with significant increases in phenolic and flavonoid contents.Thus,low-pressure conditions may suppress morphological growth but promote secondary metabolite contents,offering potential advantages for quality-oriented cultivation strategies.This study provides fundamental insights into physiological adaptation under low pressure and practical implications for crop selection and management in space agriculture and other controlled environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(32130068,32271634,and 32071597)CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLFES-2025)。
文摘Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42030509)the Special Project on National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(No.2021FY100705).
文摘The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to environmental changes and nutrient availability.However,limited research has been conducted on long-term temporal leaf N:P variation over a range of temperature zones.Using long-term monitoring data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN),we investigated temporal changes in leaf N and P stoichiometry for 50 dominant tree species from 10 typical forest sites across temperate and subtropical regions,and identified the underlying mechanisms driving these changes.For both regions combined,leaf P concentration of the 50 dominant tree species decreased(20.6%),whereas leaf N:P increased(52.0%)from 2005 to 2020.Leaf P decreased and leaf N:P increased in 67% and 69% of the tree species,respectively.The leaf N:P increase was primarily driven by the tree species in eastern subtropical forests,where global change factors and soil nutrients explained 68% of leaf N:P variation.The P limitation exhibited by tree species in eastern subtropical forest ecosystems intensified over time,and elevated temperature and CO_(2) levels,coupled with decreased soil available P concentrations,appear to be the main factors driving long-term leaf N:P increases in these forests.Investigating long-term variations in soil nutrients together with global change factors will improve our understanding of the nutrient status of forest ecosystems in the context of global change and will support effective forest ecosystem management.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022YFF10030022022YFD1200502)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.3237269631991182)Wuhan Biological Breeding Major Project(Grant No.2022021302024852)Key Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd007)HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2023022)Funds for High Quality Development of Hubei Seed Industry(HBZY2023B004)Hubei Agriculture Research System(2023HBSTX4-06)Hubei Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022BBA0066,2022BBA0062)。
文摘Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2022A1515111141 and 2023A1515010786)。
文摘DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3186113307,31770533,31870591)the West Light Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202218).
文摘The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and survival.While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied,the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood.This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China.The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits(e.g.,vessel lumen diameter,xylem vessel density,stomatal density,and stomatal size)and leaf anatomical traits(e.g.,total leaf thickness,lower/upper epidermis thickness,and spongy thickness).The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree,which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season.In contrast,deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate.The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.
基金supported by the European Union as a mobility grant
文摘Leaf turgor loss point has been recognized as an important plant physiological trait explaining a species’drought tolerance( π_(tlp)).Less is known about the variation of π_(tlp) in time and how seasonal or interannual differences in water availability are affecting π_(tlp) as a static trait.I monitored the seasonal variation of π_(tlp) during a drought year starting in early spring with juvenile leaves and assessed the interannual variation in π_(tlp) of fully matured leaves among years with diverting water availability for three temperate broad-leaved tree species.The largest seasonal changes in π_(tlp) occurred during leaf unfolding until leaves were fully developed and matured.After leaves matured,no significant changes occurred for the rest of the vegetation period.Interannual variation that could be related to water availability was only present in one of the three tree species.The results suggest that the investigated species have a rapid period of osmotic adjustment early in the growing season followed by a period of relative stability,when π_(tlp) can be considered as a static trait.
基金funded by grants EVA4.0 No.Z.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 and ITMS2014+313011W580s provided by EU OP RDEin CZ and SKprojects APVV-18-0086,APVV-19-0387,APVV-20-0168,APVV-20-0215 and APVV-22-0056 from the Slovak Research and Development Agencysupport from the European Research Executive Agency for ReForest,Grant Agreement Nr:101060635
文摘While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金supported by the Project funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.322QN248)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32401488,32060409,32371782 and 32460358)+3 种基金the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(Grant No.KJRC 2023C21)the Hainan High-level Talents Project(Grant No.321RC475)Collaborative Innovation Center Project of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture in Hainan University(XTCX2022NYB08)Collaborative Innovation Center Project of Ecological Civilization in Hainan University(XTCX2022STC10).
文摘Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifically H_(2)O_(2)derived from roots and mediated by the respiratory burst oxidase homolog(NADPH),plays a significant role in regulating ion and plant hormone homeostasis in glycophytic plants,such as Arabidopsis.However,the extent to which root-derived H_(2)O_(2)fulfils similar functions in halophytic plants remains uncertain.Therefore,our study aimed to explore the potential contribution of root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in delaying leaf senescence induced by high salinity,utilizing seashore paspalum as a model halophytic plant.The application of the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor DPI,coupled with a series of leaf senescence analyses,we revealed that root-derived H_(2)O_(2)significantly retards salt-induced leaf senescence.Furthermore,through the application of hormone analysis,lipidomics,ionomics,Non-invasive Micro-test Technology(NMT),and transcriptomics,we established that NADPH-dependent H_(2)O_(2)induced by salt stress in the roots was indispensable for maintaining the balance of the aging hormone,jasmonic acid(JA),and sodium ion homeostasis within this halophytic plant.Finally,by utilizing AtrbohD Arabidopsis mutants and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGs)in Paspalum vaginatum,we demonstrated the pivotal role played by root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in upholding JA homeostasis and regulating JA-triggered leaf senescence in P.vaginatum.This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms that govern plant leaf senescence and its response to salinity-induced stress.
文摘The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002122,32372805)。
文摘Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.
