[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order t...[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.展开更多
The coconut palm tree leaf sheath fibers were analyzed by FTIR spectral analysis, Chemical, X-ray and thermo gravimetric methods to assess their suitability as reinforcements in the preparation of green composites. Th...The coconut palm tree leaf sheath fibers were analyzed by FTIR spectral analysis, Chemical, X-ray and thermo gravimetric methods to assess their suitability as reinforcements in the preparation of green composites. The morphology of the untreated and alkali treated fibers was studied by scanning electron microscopic method. The FTIR and chemical analyses indicated lowering of hemi-cellulose content by alkali treatment of the fibers. The X-ray diffraction revealed an increase in crystallinity of the fibers on alkali treatment. The thermal stability of the fibers was found to increase slightly by alkali treatment. The tensile properties of these fibers increased on alkali treatment. The mechanical and other physical properties indicated that these fibers were suitable as reinforcements for making the green composites.展开更多
Phloem-feeding insects cause massive losses in agriculture and horticulture.Host plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects is often mediated by changes in phloem composition,which deter insect settling and feeding an...Phloem-feeding insects cause massive losses in agriculture and horticulture.Host plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects is often mediated by changes in phloem composition,which deter insect settling and feeding and decrease viability.Here,we report that rice plant resistance to the phloem-feeding brown planthopper(BPH)is associated with fortification of the sclerenchyma tissue,which is located just beneath the epidermis and a cell layer or two away from the vascular bundle in the rice leaf sheath.We found that BPHs prefer to feed on the smooth and soft region on the surface of rice leaf sheaths called the long-cell block.We identified Bph30 as a rice BPH resistance gene that prevents BPH stylets from reaching the phloem due to the fortified sclerenchyma.Bph30 is strongly expressed in sclerenchyma cells and enhances cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis,making the cell walls stiffer and sclerenchyma thicker.The structurally fortified sclerenchyma is a formidable barrier preventing BPH stylets from penetrating the leaf sheath tissues and arriving at the phloem to feed.Bph30 belongs to a novel gene family,encoding a protein with two leucine-rich domains.Another member of the family,Bph40,also conferred resistance to BPH.Collectively,the fortified sclerenchyma-mediated resistance mechanism revealed in this study expands our understanding of plant-insect interactions and opens a new path for controlling planthoppers in rice.展开更多
以超级杂交稻“两优培九”及其父本“9311”、母本“培矮64S”和三系杂交稻组合“汕优63”为研究材料，采用^14C同位素示踪等技术，研究了“两优培九”剑叶叶鞘的光合能力与叶鞘光合产物的分配。结果表明，两优培九剑叶叶鞘的净光合速...以超级杂交稻“两优培九”及其父本“9311”、母本“培矮64S”和三系杂交稻组合“汕优63”为研究材料，采用^14C同位素示踪等技术，研究了“两优培九”剑叶叶鞘的光合能力与叶鞘光合产物的分配。结果表明，两优培九剑叶叶鞘的净光合速率均值比汕优63高0．10μmol CO2 m^-2s^-2，尤以第3期，即灌浆关键时期，极显著高于汕优63，其他时期差异不显著；其叶鞘叶绿素含量的均值比汕优63高2．36SPAD值，各期均高于汕优63，其中，第1、3期显著高于汕优63；其剑叶叶鞘的Rubisco初始活性和总活性与汕优63差异不显著，但Rubisco活化率均值比汕优63高1．52％，具有平均优势，其中第3期显著高于汕优63；其叶鞘光合产物输送到穗部的量即转化为经济产量的量比汕优63高；与父母本相比，其剑叶叶鞘光合能力的均值具有平均优势或超亲优势；水稻叶鞘完全具有同叶片一样的光合能力，只有值的大小差异；水稻叶鞘的光合产物对产量的贡献一般为10％～20％。两优培九叶鞘及叶片光合功能都较强是其具有超高产特性的一个重要原因。展开更多
基金Supported by Guangxi Agricultural College Science Topics(B070206)~~
文摘[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.
基金supported by University Grants Com-mission,India,Major Research Project(No:33-397/2007(SRF))
文摘The coconut palm tree leaf sheath fibers were analyzed by FTIR spectral analysis, Chemical, X-ray and thermo gravimetric methods to assess their suitability as reinforcements in the preparation of green composites. The morphology of the untreated and alkali treated fibers was studied by scanning electron microscopic method. The FTIR and chemical analyses indicated lowering of hemi-cellulose content by alkali treatment of the fibers. The X-ray diffraction revealed an increase in crystallinity of the fibers on alkali treatment. The thermal stability of the fibers was found to increase slightly by alkali treatment. The tensile properties of these fibers increased on alkali treatment. The mechanical and other physical properties indicated that these fibers were suitable as reinforcements for making the green composites.
基金This work was supported by the Major Program of Guangdong Basic andApplied Research,China(2019B030302006)the National Program onResearch and Development of Transgenic Plants of China(2016ZX08009-003)+1 种基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundationof China(31630063)the National Key Research and DevelopmentProgram of China(2016YFD0100600 and 2016YFD0100900).
文摘Phloem-feeding insects cause massive losses in agriculture and horticulture.Host plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects is often mediated by changes in phloem composition,which deter insect settling and feeding and decrease viability.Here,we report that rice plant resistance to the phloem-feeding brown planthopper(BPH)is associated with fortification of the sclerenchyma tissue,which is located just beneath the epidermis and a cell layer or two away from the vascular bundle in the rice leaf sheath.We found that BPHs prefer to feed on the smooth and soft region on the surface of rice leaf sheaths called the long-cell block.We identified Bph30 as a rice BPH resistance gene that prevents BPH stylets from reaching the phloem due to the fortified sclerenchyma.Bph30 is strongly expressed in sclerenchyma cells and enhances cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis,making the cell walls stiffer and sclerenchyma thicker.The structurally fortified sclerenchyma is a formidable barrier preventing BPH stylets from penetrating the leaf sheath tissues and arriving at the phloem to feed.Bph30 belongs to a novel gene family,encoding a protein with two leucine-rich domains.Another member of the family,Bph40,also conferred resistance to BPH.Collectively,the fortified sclerenchyma-mediated resistance mechanism revealed in this study expands our understanding of plant-insect interactions and opens a new path for controlling planthoppers in rice.
文摘以超级杂交稻“两优培九”及其父本“9311”、母本“培矮64S”和三系杂交稻组合“汕优63”为研究材料，采用^14C同位素示踪等技术，研究了“两优培九”剑叶叶鞘的光合能力与叶鞘光合产物的分配。结果表明，两优培九剑叶叶鞘的净光合速率均值比汕优63高0．10μmol CO2 m^-2s^-2，尤以第3期，即灌浆关键时期，极显著高于汕优63，其他时期差异不显著；其叶鞘叶绿素含量的均值比汕优63高2．36SPAD值，各期均高于汕优63，其中，第1、3期显著高于汕优63；其剑叶叶鞘的Rubisco初始活性和总活性与汕优63差异不显著，但Rubisco活化率均值比汕优63高1．52％，具有平均优势，其中第3期显著高于汕优63；其叶鞘光合产物输送到穗部的量即转化为经济产量的量比汕优63高；与父母本相比，其剑叶叶鞘光合能力的均值具有平均优势或超亲优势；水稻叶鞘完全具有同叶片一样的光合能力，只有值的大小差异；水稻叶鞘的光合产物对产量的贡献一般为10％～20％。两优培九叶鞘及叶片光合功能都较强是其具有超高产特性的一个重要原因。
