Hybridization remains an important method for breeding new poplar varieties.It results in significant variation in leaf phenotype among parents and offspring,and among offspring themselves.This study aimed to investig...Hybridization remains an important method for breeding new poplar varieties.It results in significant variation in leaf phenotype among parents and offspring,and among offspring themselves.This study aimed to investigate whether leaf shape variations were similar in offspring produced from reciprocal crosses.Specifically,two hybrid combinations were produced:the direct cross with Populus ussuriensis as the maternal parent and P.simonii×P.nigra as the paternal parent(HY53),and the reciprocal cross with P.simonii×P.nigra as the maternal parent and P.ussuriensis as the paternal parent(HY268).Using 3-month-old rooted cuttings from 40 clones(36 F1 hybrids and their parents)growing in a greenhouse,we measured and analyzed 14 leaf morphological traits to assess genetic variation and heterosis.The results showed HY53 clones generally exhibited greater average height than HY268 clones.Leaf phenotypes differed between the two hybrid combinations,with significant differences observed among parents and offspring for almost all traits,as revealed by analysis of variance(ANOVA).The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher in HY268 clones.Additionally,leaf traits demonstrated high repeatability.Notably,some hybrid offspring exhibited positive or negative mid-parent heterosis,as well as over-parent heterosis for certain leaf phenotypes.The systematic cluster analysis further indicated distinct separation among HY268 clones.This research provides valuable materials for poplar breeding and offers insights into hybrid vigor in wood plants.The findings highlight the importance of reciprocal crossing in influencing leaf phenotype variation and heterosis,offering practical insights for future breeding strategies.展开更多
Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.exhibits rich leaf phenotypic variation and various leaf shapes,but few studies show why leaf phenotypic traits have such a large variation.Basic morphological markers may provide guidance f...Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.exhibits rich leaf phenotypic variation and various leaf shapes,but few studies show why leaf phenotypic traits have such a large variation.Basic morphological markers may provide guidance for studying plant genetic variation and species protection and utilization.To study leaf phenotypic variations and the relationship between variation characteristics and climatic and geographical factors,phenotypic traits among natural populations were investigated.Results revealed that leaf phenotypes varied significantly among and within populations.Some populations had higher phenotypic diversity,while others had lower phenotypic diversity.Among the phenotypic traits,leaf area and petiole length had the most variation.Leaf index and primary lateral veins were the most stable phenotypes,which may be important reference indexes for phenotype identification in field investigations.There was a strong consistency between leaf phenotypic traits and geographical location.Plants in high latitudes tend to have longer leaves,and plants in low temperatures tend to have longer leaves and larger leaf perimeter.In addition,plants in areas with less rainfall have longer petioles.The 13 populations of C.tschonoskii can be divided into four branches by cluster analysis,and the results show a good relationship with the geographical location of each population.Additionally,some populations geographically isolated also had unique leaf phenotypes.展开更多
To analyze the degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in leaves of Tetracentron sinense Oliv from the perspective of genetic and environmental adaptation and thus contribute to effective evidence-based conservatio...To analyze the degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in leaves of Tetracentron sinense Oliv from the perspective of genetic and environmental adaptation and thus contribute to effective evidence-based conservation and management strategies for germplasm resources,we measured 17 morphological and epidermal micromorphological leaf traits from 24 natural populations of T.sinense.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparison,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis,and correlation analysis were used to explore phenotypic leaf variation among and within populations and potential correlations with geographic and environmental factors.There were significant differences in 17 leaf phenotypic traits among and within populations.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 17 traits was 56.34%,and the variation among populations(36.4%)was greater than that within populations(27.2%).The coefficient of variation(CV)of each trait ranged from 4.6 to 23.8%,and the mean was 11.8%.Phenotypic variation of leaves was related to environmental factors such as average annual sunshine hours,average July temperature,and average annual rainfall.The variation changed along gradients of longitude,latitude,and altitude.The PCA clustered the 24 natural populations into four groups.Our study suggests that phenotypic variation in T.sinense occurred primarily among populations,with moderate levels of phenotypic differentiation among populations and low levels of phenotypic variation within populations.The plant’s poor adaptability to the environment is likely an important contributor to its endangerment.Accordingly,conservation strategies are proposed to protect and manage the natural populations of T.sinense.展开更多
Plant architecture is a major factor affecting crop management and yield.The erect leaf phenotype is a key trait for improving light capture,reducing water loss,optimizing space utilization,and facilitating the chemic...Plant architecture is a major factor affecting crop management and yield.The erect leaf phenotype is a key trait for improving light capture,reducing water loss,optimizing space utilization,and facilitating the chemical and biological control of arthropods and pathogens,especially those infesting/infecting abaxial leaf surfaces.This phenotype has been associated with Tiller Angle Control 1(TAC1)-like genes across many herbaceous and tree species.Our previous genomic and genetic analyses of the erect leaf phenotype in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)indicated that this trait is controlled by a semi-dominant locus,Erl,on chromosome 10.We discovered that this phenotype was in tight linkage with a candidate loss-of-function mutation in Solyc10g009320,an ortholog of TAC1-like genes.Therefore,editing this gene might confirm its function and enable the fine-tuned manipulation of aboveground tomato plant architecture.Here,we utilized a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to confirm the complete genetic association of the erect leaf phenotype in tomato by knocking out Solyc10g009320 in tomato cultivar‘Micro-Tom’.In addition,we analyzed the effects of editing this gene on the overall plant phenotype as well as physiological and agronomic performance.Editing Solyc10g009320 alleles in tomato lays the foundation for the large-scale generation of superior genotypes,paving the way for the development of elite cultivars with an erect leaf phenotype.展开更多
The authors would like to draw the reader's attention to the correction in the following article:Su,P.,Zhao,L.,Li,W.,Zhao,J.,Yan,J.,Ma,X.,Li,A.,Wang,H.,and Kong,L.(2021).Integrated metabolo-transcriptomics and fun...The authors would like to draw the reader's attention to the correction in the following article:Su,P.,Zhao,L.,Li,W.,Zhao,J.,Yan,J.,Ma,X.,Li,A.,Wang,H.,and Kong,L.(2021).Integrated metabolo-transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum.J.Integr.Plant Biol.63:340-352.https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12992 Figure 5C shows the leaf lesion phenotypes of three biological replicates following Fusarium graminearum inoculation.The first two rows correspond to a single biological experiment conducted on a single leaf,while the third and fourth rows represent two additional biological replicates from two different leaves.In the first biological experiment,the leaf was divided into three sections.展开更多
基金supported by“National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2200203)”“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572022AW02 and No.2572023CT19)”。
文摘Hybridization remains an important method for breeding new poplar varieties.It results in significant variation in leaf phenotype among parents and offspring,and among offspring themselves.This study aimed to investigate whether leaf shape variations were similar in offspring produced from reciprocal crosses.Specifically,two hybrid combinations were produced:the direct cross with Populus ussuriensis as the maternal parent and P.simonii×P.nigra as the paternal parent(HY53),and the reciprocal cross with P.simonii×P.nigra as the maternal parent and P.ussuriensis as the paternal parent(HY268).Using 3-month-old rooted cuttings from 40 clones(36 F1 hybrids and their parents)growing in a greenhouse,we measured and analyzed 14 leaf morphological traits to assess genetic variation and heterosis.The results showed HY53 clones generally exhibited greater average height than HY268 clones.Leaf phenotypes differed between the two hybrid combinations,with significant differences observed among parents and offspring for almost all traits,as revealed by analysis of variance(ANOVA).The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher in HY268 clones.Additionally,leaf traits demonstrated high repeatability.Notably,some hybrid offspring exhibited positive or negative mid-parent heterosis,as well as over-parent heterosis for certain leaf phenotypes.The systematic cluster analysis further indicated distinct separation among HY268 clones.This research provides valuable materials for poplar breeding and offers insights into hybrid vigor in wood plants.The findings highlight the importance of reciprocal crossing in influencing leaf phenotype variation and heterosis,offering practical insights for future breeding strategies.
基金supported by the Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Achievements National Promotion Project of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (2019133119)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_1104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770752)。
文摘Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.exhibits rich leaf phenotypic variation and various leaf shapes,but few studies show why leaf phenotypic traits have such a large variation.Basic morphological markers may provide guidance for studying plant genetic variation and species protection and utilization.To study leaf phenotypic variations and the relationship between variation characteristics and climatic and geographical factors,phenotypic traits among natural populations were investigated.Results revealed that leaf phenotypes varied significantly among and within populations.Some populations had higher phenotypic diversity,while others had lower phenotypic diversity.Among the phenotypic traits,leaf area and petiole length had the most variation.Leaf index and primary lateral veins were the most stable phenotypes,which may be important reference indexes for phenotype identification in field investigations.There was a strong consistency between leaf phenotypic traits and geographical location.Plants in high latitudes tend to have longer leaves,and plants in low temperatures tend to have longer leaves and larger leaf perimeter.In addition,plants in areas with less rainfall have longer petioles.The 13 populations of C.tschonoskii can be divided into four branches by cluster analysis,and the results show a good relationship with the geographical location of each population.Additionally,some populations geographically isolated also had unique leaf phenotypes.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Sichuan Province,China(No.2017JY0164)the Special Fund for the Fourth General Survey of Chinese Medicine Resources in China(No.2018PC001)+1 种基金Meritocracy Research Funds of China West Normal University(No.17YC325)the Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University(No.18B026).
文摘To analyze the degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in leaves of Tetracentron sinense Oliv from the perspective of genetic and environmental adaptation and thus contribute to effective evidence-based conservation and management strategies for germplasm resources,we measured 17 morphological and epidermal micromorphological leaf traits from 24 natural populations of T.sinense.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparison,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis,and correlation analysis were used to explore phenotypic leaf variation among and within populations and potential correlations with geographic and environmental factors.There were significant differences in 17 leaf phenotypic traits among and within populations.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 17 traits was 56.34%,and the variation among populations(36.4%)was greater than that within populations(27.2%).The coefficient of variation(CV)of each trait ranged from 4.6 to 23.8%,and the mean was 11.8%.Phenotypic variation of leaves was related to environmental factors such as average annual sunshine hours,average July temperature,and average annual rainfall.The variation changed along gradients of longitude,latitude,and altitude.The PCA clustered the 24 natural populations into four groups.Our study suggests that phenotypic variation in T.sinense occurred primarily among populations,with moderate levels of phenotypic differentiation among populations and low levels of phenotypic variation within populations.The plant’s poor adaptability to the environment is likely an important contributor to its endangerment.Accordingly,conservation strategies are proposed to protect and manage the natural populations of T.sinense.
基金support of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq),Brazil(Grant No.304001/2023-6)supported by a fellowship from CNPq(Grant No.140365/2023-0)supported by grants,scholarships,and fellowships from Embrapa(MENF,LSB,and FJLA),FAP-DF(MENF),and CNPq(MENF,LSB,and FJLA).
文摘Plant architecture is a major factor affecting crop management and yield.The erect leaf phenotype is a key trait for improving light capture,reducing water loss,optimizing space utilization,and facilitating the chemical and biological control of arthropods and pathogens,especially those infesting/infecting abaxial leaf surfaces.This phenotype has been associated with Tiller Angle Control 1(TAC1)-like genes across many herbaceous and tree species.Our previous genomic and genetic analyses of the erect leaf phenotype in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)indicated that this trait is controlled by a semi-dominant locus,Erl,on chromosome 10.We discovered that this phenotype was in tight linkage with a candidate loss-of-function mutation in Solyc10g009320,an ortholog of TAC1-like genes.Therefore,editing this gene might confirm its function and enable the fine-tuned manipulation of aboveground tomato plant architecture.Here,we utilized a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to confirm the complete genetic association of the erect leaf phenotype in tomato by knocking out Solyc10g009320 in tomato cultivar‘Micro-Tom’.In addition,we analyzed the effects of editing this gene on the overall plant phenotype as well as physiological and agronomic performance.Editing Solyc10g009320 alleles in tomato lays the foundation for the large-scale generation of superior genotypes,paving the way for the development of elite cultivars with an erect leaf phenotype.
文摘The authors would like to draw the reader's attention to the correction in the following article:Su,P.,Zhao,L.,Li,W.,Zhao,J.,Yan,J.,Ma,X.,Li,A.,Wang,H.,and Kong,L.(2021).Integrated metabolo-transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum.J.Integr.Plant Biol.63:340-352.https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12992 Figure 5C shows the leaf lesion phenotypes of three biological replicates following Fusarium graminearum inoculation.The first two rows correspond to a single biological experiment conducted on a single leaf,while the third and fourth rows represent two additional biological replicates from two different leaves.In the first biological experiment,the leaf was divided into three sections.
