The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Pro...The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.展开更多
The aim of the study was to determine the harmfulness of leaf miners and their species composition on winter wheat for the improvement of methods to control them. In order to determine the dates of the treatments, it ...The aim of the study was to determine the harmfulness of leaf miners and their species composition on winter wheat for the improvement of methods to control them. In order to determine the dates of the treatments, it was necessary to catch adult flies. The researchers used yellow 25 x 40 cm sticky traps placed on three control plots to catch the adults. Monitoring of cereal leaf miners flights in winter wheat was carried out in Babor6wko （greater Poland voivodeship）. Yellow traps were placed above the tops of wheat during vegetation period. The number of damaged wheat stems was recorded. Fluctuations in weather conditions during the research affected the dynamics of leaf miner flies considerably. The maximum flights of leaf miner flies on winter wheat crops in years of the studies took place in May. The dynamics of leaf miners flights were different in growing season 2008 and 2009. The most common species were： Chromatomyia nigra （Ztt.）, Chromatomyia fuscula （Ztt.） and Poemyza superciliosa （Ztt.）. It was also discovered that the species composition of Agromyzidae damaging the winter wheat, changes in particular years. The results differ from the results of the previous research, which the dominant species were Phytomyza nigra （Mg.） and Agromyza ambiqua （FII.）.展开更多
Preferences of different oil palm crosses in the station of Pobè in Benin were tested on Coelaenomenodera lameensis by monitoring the natural population for 7 consecutive years. Experiments monitoring of developm...Preferences of different oil palm crosses in the station of Pobè in Benin were tested on Coelaenomenodera lameensis by monitoring the natural population for 7 consecutive years. Experiments monitoring of developmental stages of the insect were performed on material types Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera. Observations were performed every two weeks on leaves of different ranks (25, 17 or 9) depending on the degree of defoliation by counting the different stages of insect development on leaflets. The results showed that the evolution of pest density is a function of species and the origin of the materials being compared. Population densities of different stages of C. lameensis were more abundant in the crosses from Yocoboué where average population indices were higher at all stages of development from early observations. By contrast, in crosses La Mé, Yangambi and Deli, the numbers of larvae, pupae and adults were lower. Among these three crosses infestation was more abundant in La Mé, followed by Yangambi and Deli. E. oleifera is much less or not attacked. The stages of development (larvae and adults) were also differently held in oil palm origins in comparison. The larval population is significantly important during the short rainy season and lesser important during the dry season. These results may contribute to the development of suitable materials for the genetic improvement of breeding tolerant oil palm material to leaf miner.展开更多
Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollu...Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.展开更多
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones ...Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is of international importance as a source of oil and protein.Soil salinity is one of themost significant abiotic stress factors affecting the yield and quality of peanuts.This study evaluated ...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is of international importance as a source of oil and protein.Soil salinity is one of themost significant abiotic stress factors affecting the yield and quality of peanuts.This study evaluated the potential of a seaweed-based biostimulant to enhance emergence and seedling growth of four peanut cultivars(‘Ayse Hanım’,‘Halis Bey’,‘NC-7’,and‘Albenek’)under increasing salinity levels.The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replicates.Seeds were sown in trays and treated with two doses of seaweed extract(0 and 5 g L^(-1))applied directly to the seedbed.Salinity stress was induced by dissolving NaCl in distilled water used for weekly irrigation over six weeks,with salinity levels set at:S_(0):Control,S_(1):50mMNaCl,S_(2):100 mM NaCl,S_(3):150 mM NaCl,and S_(4):200 mM NaCl.Emergence percentage,mean emergence time,shoot and root length,fresh and dry biomass,chlorophyll content,proline,crude protein,and macro-and micronutrient concentrations(Ca,K,P,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu,and Fe)were measured.The results revealed significant differences between treatments.Seaweed applications showed notable improvements in measured parameters of each variety compared to the salt treated and un-treated control plants of each variety.As salinity stress increased,the emergence percentage,root and shoot length,fresh and dry weight of the plants,crude protein content percentage,leaf chlorophyll contents,Ca,K,P,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu,and Fe decreased.Similarly,the mean emergence time,and proline contents also decreased with each increase in Na concentration.The best outcomes were obtained in seedlings treated with seaweed under no salinity(0 mM NaCl)and mild salinity(50 mM NaCl)conditions.These findings suggest that seaweeds is an effective biostimulant for improving early-stage growth and stress resilience in peanuts under saline conditions.展开更多
文摘The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the harmfulness of leaf miners and their species composition on winter wheat for the improvement of methods to control them. In order to determine the dates of the treatments, it was necessary to catch adult flies. The researchers used yellow 25 x 40 cm sticky traps placed on three control plots to catch the adults. Monitoring of cereal leaf miners flights in winter wheat was carried out in Babor6wko （greater Poland voivodeship）. Yellow traps were placed above the tops of wheat during vegetation period. The number of damaged wheat stems was recorded. Fluctuations in weather conditions during the research affected the dynamics of leaf miner flies considerably. The maximum flights of leaf miner flies on winter wheat crops in years of the studies took place in May. The dynamics of leaf miners flights were different in growing season 2008 and 2009. The most common species were： Chromatomyia nigra （Ztt.）, Chromatomyia fuscula （Ztt.） and Poemyza superciliosa （Ztt.）. It was also discovered that the species composition of Agromyzidae damaging the winter wheat, changes in particular years. The results differ from the results of the previous research, which the dominant species were Phytomyza nigra （Mg.） and Agromyza ambiqua （FII.）.
文摘Preferences of different oil palm crosses in the station of Pobè in Benin were tested on Coelaenomenodera lameensis by monitoring the natural population for 7 consecutive years. Experiments monitoring of developmental stages of the insect were performed on material types Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera. Observations were performed every two weeks on leaves of different ranks (25, 17 or 9) depending on the degree of defoliation by counting the different stages of insect development on leaflets. The results showed that the evolution of pest density is a function of species and the origin of the materials being compared. Population densities of different stages of C. lameensis were more abundant in the crosses from Yocoboué where average population indices were higher at all stages of development from early observations. By contrast, in crosses La Mé, Yangambi and Deli, the numbers of larvae, pupae and adults were lower. Among these three crosses infestation was more abundant in La Mé, followed by Yangambi and Deli. E. oleifera is much less or not attacked. The stages of development (larvae and adults) were also differently held in oil palm origins in comparison. The larval population is significantly important during the short rainy season and lesser important during the dry season. These results may contribute to the development of suitable materials for the genetic improvement of breeding tolerant oil palm material to leaf miner.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570338) the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. 6053026) andthe Ministry of Education, China(No. 20040027020).
文摘Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.
文摘Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is of international importance as a source of oil and protein.Soil salinity is one of themost significant abiotic stress factors affecting the yield and quality of peanuts.This study evaluated the potential of a seaweed-based biostimulant to enhance emergence and seedling growth of four peanut cultivars(‘Ayse Hanım’,‘Halis Bey’,‘NC-7’,and‘Albenek’)under increasing salinity levels.The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replicates.Seeds were sown in trays and treated with two doses of seaweed extract(0 and 5 g L^(-1))applied directly to the seedbed.Salinity stress was induced by dissolving NaCl in distilled water used for weekly irrigation over six weeks,with salinity levels set at:S_(0):Control,S_(1):50mMNaCl,S_(2):100 mM NaCl,S_(3):150 mM NaCl,and S_(4):200 mM NaCl.Emergence percentage,mean emergence time,shoot and root length,fresh and dry biomass,chlorophyll content,proline,crude protein,and macro-and micronutrient concentrations(Ca,K,P,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu,and Fe)were measured.The results revealed significant differences between treatments.Seaweed applications showed notable improvements in measured parameters of each variety compared to the salt treated and un-treated control plants of each variety.As salinity stress increased,the emergence percentage,root and shoot length,fresh and dry weight of the plants,crude protein content percentage,leaf chlorophyll contents,Ca,K,P,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu,and Fe decreased.Similarly,the mean emergence time,and proline contents also decreased with each increase in Na concentration.The best outcomes were obtained in seedlings treated with seaweed under no salinity(0 mM NaCl)and mild salinity(50 mM NaCl)conditions.These findings suggest that seaweeds is an effective biostimulant for improving early-stage growth and stress resilience in peanuts under saline conditions.
