[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture w...[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.展开更多
An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of variations among nine provenances of Populus tomentosa Carr. in terms of leaf characteristics. A total of 263 accessions were studied under field conditions in...An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of variations among nine provenances of Populus tomentosa Carr. in terms of leaf characteristics. A total of 263 accessions were studied under field conditions in the National Gene Bank of P. tomentosa in 2003. All of the accessions were characterized by 17 indices from 1 to 2-dimension constructions. Variance analysis of all characteristics showed that there were significant differences among the nine provenances and among individuals within each provenance. This study reveals that the evaluated germplasm appears to have a wide genetic base and high potential for further genetic improvements and it also indicates that abundant gene resources of P. tomentosa have been collected and preserved in the National Gene Bank.展开更多
In this study, 39 leaf samples of three angiosperms （Betula albo-sinensis, tree species; and Caragana jubata and Berberis diaphana, shrub species） were collected in the middle-east parts at 2300-3640 m asl of the Qi...In this study, 39 leaf samples of three angiosperms （Betula albo-sinensis, tree species; and Caragana jubata and Berberis diaphana, shrub species） were collected in the middle-east parts at 2300-3640 m asl of the Qilian Mountains to study the varia- tions of leaf characteristics of angiosperms with altitude change in inland high-altitude regions of China. Five leaf indexes, viz. epidermal cell density （ED）, stomatal density （SD）, stomatal index （SI）, leaf vein density （VD） and carbon isotopic ratio （c^13C） were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that there are significant or even very significant linear correlations between the five indexes and altitude, of which SD, SI and VD exhibit a negative correlation with altitude, while ED and Ot3C exhibit a positive correlation with altitude. Such a correlation assemblage is quite different from the situation in the low-altitude humid environment. Generally, only an assemblage of positive correlations can be observed between the indexes （viz. SD, SI and （~3C, etc.） and the altitude in the low-altitude humid environment, which were caused mainly by the plants＇ responses to the change of atmospheric CO2 concentration （Co）. However, an assemblage of the negative and positive correlations found here may be attributed mainly to the plants＇ responses to the change of physiological drought caused by change of low temperature, and here it is preliminarily called the inland high-altitude pattern of plant leaf variations.展开更多
To understand the effects of leaf physiological and morphological characteristics on δ13C of alpine trees, we examined leaf δ13C value, LA, SD, LNC, LPC, LKC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea in one-year-old needles of P...To understand the effects of leaf physiological and morphological characteristics on δ13C of alpine trees, we examined leaf δ13C value, LA, SD, LNC, LPC, LKC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea in one-year-old needles of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica at ten points along an altitudinal gradient from 1420 m to 2300 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. Our results indicated that all the leaf traits differed significantly among sampling sites along the altitudinal gradient(P<0.001). LA, SD, LPC, LKC increased linearly with increasing elevation, whereas leaf δ13C, LNC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea varied non-linearly with changes in altitude. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that four controlled physiological and morphological characteristics influenced the variation of δ13C. Among these four controlled factors, LKC was the most profound physiological factor that affected δ13C values, LA was the secondary morphological factor, SD was the third morphological factor, LNC was the last physiological factor. This suggested that leaf δ13C was directly controlled by physiological and morphological adjustments with changing environmental conditions due to the elevation.展开更多
common maize synthetic rate（ Photosynthetic characteristics were probed by sweet maize, waxy maize, high starch maize and The results revealed that leaf area index （LAI）, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b cont...common maize synthetic rate（ Photosynthetic characteristics were probed by sweet maize, waxy maize, high starch maize and The results revealed that leaf area index （LAI）, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content,photo-PR） showed single peak curve at the whole growth stage. The stages of peak were different according to different varieties. NEAUS4 had the lowest peak and while SIDAN 19 had the highest among all stages. Ratio of chlorophyll a to b was low at seedling stage, reached the peak atjointing stage and then declined. SIDAN 19 had the lower level at the last stages.展开更多
The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plantsgrowninatemperaturegradientandatemperature+CO_(2)gradient were studied.The palisade parenchyma thickness,the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thic...The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plantsgrowninatemperaturegradientandatemperature+CO_(2)gradient were studied.The palisade parenchyma thickness,the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of ele-vated temperature and CO_(2)on the anatomical characteristics of the leaves.Our results show that with the increase of temperature,the leaf thickness of C_(4)species increased while the leaf thickness of C_(3)species showed no constant changes.With increased CO_(2),seven out of nine C_(3)species exhibited increased total leaf thickness.In C_(4)species,leaf thickness decreased.As for the trend on the multi-grades,the plants exhibited linear or non-linear changes.With the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO_(2)for the 11 species investigated,leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants(species)and even in different branches on the same plant.These results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO_(2)and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were species-specific.Since plant structures are correlated with plant functions,the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO_(2)may lead to functional differences.展开更多
In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and lea...In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and leaf inclination.In this study,a method for measuring the leaf geometric characteristics of poplar seedlings based on 3D visualization via the use of time-of-flight(ToF)and digital cameras was proposed.Firstly,the average distance density function method was applied to process outliers of leaves.Secondly,to improve the accuracy of data fitting,a specific method using the angle of adjacent two-point normal vectors was introduced to filter redundant data,kept essential sample values as the control points,and then used the control points to fit the leaf surface based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS).At the same time,NURBS was used to fit the trunk according to its control points and an iterative method to fit the other branches.Finally,3D visualization of poplar seedlings was achieved,and leaf traits,including leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf inclination angle,were calculated.To obtain accurate results,multiple experiments were conducted including assessments of poplar seedlings exhibiting normal growth and those grown under water shortage.The results of the proposed method were compared with the real values of the leaves.The RMSE for leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf angle were 0.18 cm,0.21 cm,1.14 cm^(2),and 1.97°,respectively.The results proved that this approach could be used to accurately measure the leaf characteristics of poplar seedlings via visualization.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(072102150001)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.
文摘An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of variations among nine provenances of Populus tomentosa Carr. in terms of leaf characteristics. A total of 263 accessions were studied under field conditions in the National Gene Bank of P. tomentosa in 2003. All of the accessions were characterized by 17 indices from 1 to 2-dimension constructions. Variance analysis of all characteristics showed that there were significant differences among the nine provenances and among individuals within each provenance. This study reveals that the evaluated germplasm appears to have a wide genetic base and high potential for further genetic improvements and it also indicates that abundant gene resources of P. tomentosa have been collected and preserved in the National Gene Bank.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB822003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172022)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20120211110022)
文摘In this study, 39 leaf samples of three angiosperms （Betula albo-sinensis, tree species; and Caragana jubata and Berberis diaphana, shrub species） were collected in the middle-east parts at 2300-3640 m asl of the Qilian Mountains to study the varia- tions of leaf characteristics of angiosperms with altitude change in inland high-altitude regions of China. Five leaf indexes, viz. epidermal cell density （ED）, stomatal density （SD）, stomatal index （SI）, leaf vein density （VD） and carbon isotopic ratio （c^13C） were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that there are significant or even very significant linear correlations between the five indexes and altitude, of which SD, SI and VD exhibit a negative correlation with altitude, while ED and Ot3C exhibit a positive correlation with altitude. Such a correlation assemblage is quite different from the situation in the low-altitude humid environment. Generally, only an assemblage of positive correlations can be observed between the indexes （viz. SD, SI and （~3C, etc.） and the altitude in the low-altitude humid environment, which were caused mainly by the plants＇ responses to the change of atmospheric CO2 concentration （Co）. However, an assemblage of the negative and positive correlations found here may be attributed mainly to the plants＇ responses to the change of physiological drought caused by change of low temperature, and here it is preliminarily called the inland high-altitude pattern of plant leaf variations.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. Y411381001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91125025)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2013M532096)
文摘To understand the effects of leaf physiological and morphological characteristics on δ13C of alpine trees, we examined leaf δ13C value, LA, SD, LNC, LPC, LKC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea in one-year-old needles of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica at ten points along an altitudinal gradient from 1420 m to 2300 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. Our results indicated that all the leaf traits differed significantly among sampling sites along the altitudinal gradient(P<0.001). LA, SD, LPC, LKC increased linearly with increasing elevation, whereas leaf δ13C, LNC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea varied non-linearly with changes in altitude. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that four controlled physiological and morphological characteristics influenced the variation of δ13C. Among these four controlled factors, LKC was the most profound physiological factor that affected δ13C values, LA was the secondary morphological factor, SD was the third morphological factor, LNC was the last physiological factor. This suggested that leaf δ13C was directly controlled by physiological and morphological adjustments with changing environmental conditions due to the elevation.
文摘common maize synthetic rate（ Photosynthetic characteristics were probed by sweet maize, waxy maize, high starch maize and The results revealed that leaf area index （LAI）, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content,photo-PR） showed single peak curve at the whole growth stage. The stages of peak were different according to different varieties. NEAUS4 had the lowest peak and while SIDAN 19 had the highest among all stages. Ratio of chlorophyll a to b was low at seedling stage, reached the peak atjointing stage and then declined. SIDAN 19 had the lower level at the last stages.
文摘The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plantsgrowninatemperaturegradientandatemperature+CO_(2)gradient were studied.The palisade parenchyma thickness,the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of ele-vated temperature and CO_(2)on the anatomical characteristics of the leaves.Our results show that with the increase of temperature,the leaf thickness of C_(4)species increased while the leaf thickness of C_(3)species showed no constant changes.With increased CO_(2),seven out of nine C_(3)species exhibited increased total leaf thickness.In C_(4)species,leaf thickness decreased.As for the trend on the multi-grades,the plants exhibited linear or non-linear changes.With the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO_(2)for the 11 species investigated,leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants(species)and even in different branches on the same plant.These results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO_(2)and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were species-specific.Since plant structures are correlated with plant functions,the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO_(2)may lead to functional differences.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0600905-1)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies(JS-2014-013).
文摘In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and leaf inclination.In this study,a method for measuring the leaf geometric characteristics of poplar seedlings based on 3D visualization via the use of time-of-flight(ToF)and digital cameras was proposed.Firstly,the average distance density function method was applied to process outliers of leaves.Secondly,to improve the accuracy of data fitting,a specific method using the angle of adjacent two-point normal vectors was introduced to filter redundant data,kept essential sample values as the control points,and then used the control points to fit the leaf surface based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS).At the same time,NURBS was used to fit the trunk according to its control points and an iterative method to fit the other branches.Finally,3D visualization of poplar seedlings was achieved,and leaf traits,including leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf inclination angle,were calculated.To obtain accurate results,multiple experiments were conducted including assessments of poplar seedlings exhibiting normal growth and those grown under water shortage.The results of the proposed method were compared with the real values of the leaves.The RMSE for leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf angle were 0.18 cm,0.21 cm,1.14 cm^(2),and 1.97°,respectively.The results proved that this approach could be used to accurately measure the leaf characteristics of poplar seedlings via visualization.
