Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistr...Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.展开更多
Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)hold significant promise for large-scale energy storage applications.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics on the electrode surface considerably limit their performance.Implementat...Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)hold significant promise for large-scale energy storage applications.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics on the electrode surface considerably limit their performance.Implementation of efficient surface modification on carbon electrodes through an economically viable production method is crucial for the practical application of VRFBs.Herein,a nano-carbon layer with morphology of fine nanoparticles(<90 nm)and rich oxygen functional groups was constructed on carbon felts by unbalanced magnetron sputtering coupled with thermal treatment.This modified carbon felt served as both anode and cathode in cell,enabling an improved wettability of electrolyte and high reversibility of the active mass,and promoted kinetics of redox reactions.The optimized carbon felt,achieved through one hour of deposition(1C-CF),demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance in a single cell.The cell exhibited a high energy efficiency of 82.4%at a current density of 100 m A cm^(-2)and maintained 71.8%at a high current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the energy efficiency remained at 77.2%during long-term cycling(450 cycles)at a current density of 150 mA cm^(-2),indicating good electrode stability.Our results shed light on the surface design of carbon felt electrodes for the broad application interest of VRFB energy storage systems.展开更多
The recently reported silicon/graphite(Si/Gr)composite electrode with a layered structure is a promising approach to achieve high capacity and stable cycling of Si-based electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.However,the...The recently reported silicon/graphite(Si/Gr)composite electrode with a layered structure is a promising approach to achieve high capacity and stable cycling of Si-based electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.However,there is still a need to clarify why particular layered structures are effective and why others are ineffective or even detrimental.In this work,an unreported mechanism dominated by the porosity evolution of electrodes is proposed for the degradation behavior of layered Si/Gr electrodes.First,the effect of layering sequence on the overall electrode performance is investigated experimentally,and the results suggest that the cycling performance of the silicon-on-graphite(SG)electrode is much superior to that of the graphite-on-silicon electrode.To explain this phenomenon,a coupled mechanical-electrochemical porous electrode model is developed,in which the porosity is affected by the silicon expansion and the local constraints.The modeling results suggest that the weaker constraint of the silicon layer in the SG electrode leads to a more insignificant decrease in porosity,and consequently,the more stable cycling performance.The findings of this work provide new insights into the structural design of Si-based electrodes.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growt...Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.展开更多
The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The dif...The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The differences between the initial and final versions of these figures are described below.展开更多
Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various ele...Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
Layered materials,such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide,are promising for electrode materials and microelectronic devices due to their excellent ion-intercalating properties.However,the intercalation and de-interc...Layered materials,such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide,are promising for electrode materials and microelectronic devices due to their excellent ion-intercalating properties.However,the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions,causing structural deformation and material property variations,would affect battery performance and alter external field responses.The complex problem coupling multiphysics is significant for study and poses a crucial research challenge.This paper reviews the coupling between mechanics,electrochemistry,and electrics during the reaction process,including in situ experimental characterization,theoretical modeling,and design considerations at various scales.Current research has focused on experimental observations beyond the nanoscale and continuum phenomenological models.Further advancements in characterizing layered structural evolution,electron cloud interactions at the atomic level,and developing physics-based multi-field models are essential.展开更多
The largely bending bilayer electrode model battery has been widely used to measure the mechanical properties of composite electrode materials.The assumption used in the method that lithium is uniformly distributed in...The largely bending bilayer electrode model battery has been widely used to measure the mechanical properties of composite electrode materials.The assumption used in the method that lithium is uniformly distributed in the active layer lacks quantitative evaluation,and the uniformity of concentration distribution is crucial for accurate in-situ measurements of concentration-related material properties and stress in bilayer electrodes.Therefore,this paper proposes a mechanical-electrochemical coupled model to study the lithium concentration distribution in the active layer during lithiation.This model includes lithium concentration diffusion and active layer deformation.By comparing experimental and simulated curvature evolution of the active layer during lithiation and delithiation,the reliability of this simulation model is verified.We then derive the precise concentration distribution inside the active layer and suggest using relative error to quantitatively evaluate the uniformity of lithium concentration in the active layer.Results show that a low relative error in lithium concentration can be achieved in the middle region of the active layer.Additionally,the effects of different rates and geometric parameters on the lithium concentration distribution in the active layer are discussed.Results indicate that reduced rates,thinner active layers,shorter active layer lengths,and increased spacing between the working and counter electrodes can lead to a more uniform distribution of lithium concentration in the active layer.These insights help improve experimental methods and equipment,promoting uniform distribution of lithium in the active layer and enhancing measurement accuracy.展开更多
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) featuring ultrahigh energy densities are expected as ones of the mostprominent devices for future energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the practical application of LMBs is sti...Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) featuring ultrahigh energy densities are expected as ones of the mostprominent devices for future energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the practical application of LMBs is stillplagued by the poor interfacial stability of Li metal anode. Inorganic-rich interlayer derived from anion decom-positionin advanced liquid electrolytes is demonstrated as an efficient approach to stabilize the Li metal anode,however, is electrolyte-dependent with limited application conditions due to inappropriate electrolyte properties.Herein, an efficient structuration strategy is proposed to fabricate an electrolyte-independent and sustainedinorganic-rich layer, by embedding a type of functional anion aggregates consisting of selected anions ionicallybonded to polymerized cation clusters. The anion aggregates can progressively release anions to react with Liþand form key components boosting the structural stability and Liþ transfer ability of the artificial layer uponcycling. This self-reinforcing working mechanism endows the artificial layer with a sustained inorganic-richnature and promising Li protective ability during long-term cycling, while the electrolyte-independent propertyenables its applications in LMBs using conventional low concentration electrolytes and all-solid-state LMBs withsignificantly enhanced performances. This strategy establishes an alternative designing route of Li protectivelayers for reliable LMBs.展开更多
Layered Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 was synthesized with complex metal hydroxide precursors that were prepared by a co-precipitation method.The influence of coordination between ammonia and transition-metal cations on the s...Layered Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 was synthesized with complex metal hydroxide precursors that were prepared by a co-precipitation method.The influence of coordination between ammonia and transition-metal cations on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was studied.It is found that when the molar ratio of ammonia to total transition-metal cations is 2.7：1,uniform particle size distribution of the complex metal hydroxide is observed via scanning electron microscopy.The average particle size of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was measured to be about 500 nm,and the tap-density was measured to be approximately 2.37 g/cm3,which is comparable with that of commercialized LiCoO2.XRD analysis indicates that the presently synthesized Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 has a hexagonal layered-structure.The initial discharge capacity of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 positive-electrode material is determined to be 181.5 mA·h/g using a Li/Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cell operated at 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.8-4.5 V.The discharge capacity at the 50th cycle at 0.5C is 170.6 mA·h/g.展开更多
As an improvement on the conventional two-layer electrode （active material layerlcurrent collector）, a novel sandwich-like three-layer electrode （conductive layerlactive material layertcurrent collector） for catho...As an improvement on the conventional two-layer electrode （active material layerlcurrent collector）, a novel sandwich-like three-layer electrode （conductive layerlactive material layertcurrent collector） for cathode material LiFePO4/C was introduced in order to improve its electrochemical performance. LiFePO4/C in the three-layer electrode exhibited superior rate capability in comparison with that in the two-layer electrode in accordance with charge-discharge examination. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox couple for LiFePO4 in the three-layer electrode displayed faster kinetics, better reversibility and much lower charge transfer resistance than that in the two-layer electrode in electrochemical process. For three-layer electrode, the holes in the surface of active material layer were filled by smaller acetylene black grains, which formed electrical connections and provided more pathways to electron transport to/from LiFePO4/C particles exposed to the bulk electrolyte.展开更多
An organic thin-film transistor （OTFT） with an OTS/SiO2 bilayer gate insulator and a MoO3/AI electrode configuration between gate insulator and source/drain electrodes has been investigated. A thermally grown SiO2 l...An organic thin-film transistor （OTFT） with an OTS/SiO2 bilayer gate insulator and a MoO3/AI electrode configuration between gate insulator and source/drain electrodes has been investigated. A thermally grown SiO2 layer is used as the OTFT gate dielectric and copper phthalocyanine（CuPc） is used as an active layer. This OTS/SiO2 bilayer gate insulator configuration increases the field-effect mobility, reduces the threshold voltage, and improves the on/off ratio simultaneously. The device with a MoO3/Al electrode has shown similar Ids compared to the device with an Au electrode at the same gate voltage. Our results indicate that using a double-layer of electrodes and a double-layer of insulators is an effective way to improve OTFT performance.展开更多
High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has c...High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.展开更多
In order to achieve better Na storage performance, most layered oxide positive electrode materials contain toxic and expensive transition metals Ni and/or Co, which are also widely used for lithium-ion batteries. Here...In order to achieve better Na storage performance, most layered oxide positive electrode materials contain toxic and expensive transition metals Ni and/or Co, which are also widely used for lithium-ion batteries. Here we report a new quaternary layered oxide consisting of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ti transition metals with O3-type oxygen stacking as a positive electrode for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries. The material can be simply prepared by a high-temperature solidstate reaction route and delivers a reversible capacity of 94 m Ah/g with an average storage voltage of 3.2 V. This paves the way for cheaper and non-toxic batteries with high Na storage performance.展开更多
Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of pero...Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poi...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.展开更多
Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage p...Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as elect...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.展开更多
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072137)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205068)the"CUG Scholar"Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(2022118)。
文摘Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2057)。
文摘Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)hold significant promise for large-scale energy storage applications.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics on the electrode surface considerably limit their performance.Implementation of efficient surface modification on carbon electrodes through an economically viable production method is crucial for the practical application of VRFBs.Herein,a nano-carbon layer with morphology of fine nanoparticles(<90 nm)and rich oxygen functional groups was constructed on carbon felts by unbalanced magnetron sputtering coupled with thermal treatment.This modified carbon felt served as both anode and cathode in cell,enabling an improved wettability of electrolyte and high reversibility of the active mass,and promoted kinetics of redox reactions.The optimized carbon felt,achieved through one hour of deposition(1C-CF),demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance in a single cell.The cell exhibited a high energy efficiency of 82.4%at a current density of 100 m A cm^(-2)and maintained 71.8%at a high current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the energy efficiency remained at 77.2%during long-term cycling(450 cycles)at a current density of 150 mA cm^(-2),indicating good electrode stability.Our results shed light on the surface design of carbon felt electrodes for the broad application interest of VRFB energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072183,12472174,and 12421002).
文摘The recently reported silicon/graphite(Si/Gr)composite electrode with a layered structure is a promising approach to achieve high capacity and stable cycling of Si-based electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.However,there is still a need to clarify why particular layered structures are effective and why others are ineffective or even detrimental.In this work,an unreported mechanism dominated by the porosity evolution of electrodes is proposed for the degradation behavior of layered Si/Gr electrodes.First,the effect of layering sequence on the overall electrode performance is investigated experimentally,and the results suggest that the cycling performance of the silicon-on-graphite(SG)electrode is much superior to that of the graphite-on-silicon electrode.To explain this phenomenon,a coupled mechanical-electrochemical porous electrode model is developed,in which the porosity is affected by the silicon expansion and the local constraints.The modeling results suggest that the weaker constraint of the silicon layer in the SG electrode leads to a more insignificant decrease in porosity,and consequently,the more stable cycling performance.The findings of this work provide new insights into the structural design of Si-based electrodes.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209089,22178187)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB048,ZR2021MB006)+2 种基金Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-089)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909091)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University.
文摘Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.
文摘The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The differences between the initial and final versions of these figures are described below.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52006029)the Promotion Foundation for Young Science and Technology Talents in Jilin Province(Grant No.QT202113)+2 种基金the Special Foundation of Industrial Innovation in Jilin Province(Grant No.2019C056-2)the Special Foundation for Outstanding Young Talents Training in Jilin(Grant No.20200104107)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2408000).
文摘Layered materials,such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide,are promising for electrode materials and microelectronic devices due to their excellent ion-intercalating properties.However,the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions,causing structural deformation and material property variations,would affect battery performance and alter external field responses.The complex problem coupling multiphysics is significant for study and poses a crucial research challenge.This paper reviews the coupling between mechanics,electrochemistry,and electrics during the reaction process,including in situ experimental characterization,theoretical modeling,and design considerations at various scales.Current research has focused on experimental observations beyond the nanoscale and continuum phenomenological models.Further advancements in characterizing layered structural evolution,electron cloud interactions at the atomic level,and developing physics-based multi-field models are essential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872236).
文摘The largely bending bilayer electrode model battery has been widely used to measure the mechanical properties of composite electrode materials.The assumption used in the method that lithium is uniformly distributed in the active layer lacks quantitative evaluation,and the uniformity of concentration distribution is crucial for accurate in-situ measurements of concentration-related material properties and stress in bilayer electrodes.Therefore,this paper proposes a mechanical-electrochemical coupled model to study the lithium concentration distribution in the active layer during lithiation.This model includes lithium concentration diffusion and active layer deformation.By comparing experimental and simulated curvature evolution of the active layer during lithiation and delithiation,the reliability of this simulation model is verified.We then derive the precise concentration distribution inside the active layer and suggest using relative error to quantitatively evaluate the uniformity of lithium concentration in the active layer.Results show that a low relative error in lithium concentration can be achieved in the middle region of the active layer.Additionally,the effects of different rates and geometric parameters on the lithium concentration distribution in the active layer are discussed.Results indicate that reduced rates,thinner active layers,shorter active layer lengths,and increased spacing between the working and counter electrodes can lead to a more uniform distribution of lithium concentration in the active layer.These insights help improve experimental methods and equipment,promoting uniform distribution of lithium in the active layer and enhancing measurement accuracy.
基金supported by the Research Fund of Jianghan Univer-sity(2024JCYJ02)the Graduate Scientific Research Foundation of Jianghan University(KYCXJJ202428)+1 种基金the Excellent Discipline Cultiva-tion Project funded by Jianghan University(2023XKZ013)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22179052).
文摘Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) featuring ultrahigh energy densities are expected as ones of the mostprominent devices for future energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the practical application of LMBs is stillplagued by the poor interfacial stability of Li metal anode. Inorganic-rich interlayer derived from anion decom-positionin advanced liquid electrolytes is demonstrated as an efficient approach to stabilize the Li metal anode,however, is electrolyte-dependent with limited application conditions due to inappropriate electrolyte properties.Herein, an efficient structuration strategy is proposed to fabricate an electrolyte-independent and sustainedinorganic-rich layer, by embedding a type of functional anion aggregates consisting of selected anions ionicallybonded to polymerized cation clusters. The anion aggregates can progressively release anions to react with Liþand form key components boosting the structural stability and Liþ transfer ability of the artificial layer uponcycling. This self-reinforcing working mechanism endows the artificial layer with a sustained inorganic-richnature and promising Li protective ability during long-term cycling, while the electrolyte-independent propertyenables its applications in LMBs using conventional low concentration electrolytes and all-solid-state LMBs withsignificantly enhanced performances. This strategy establishes an alternative designing route of Li protectivelayers for reliable LMBs.
基金Project(50721003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(07JJ6082)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy in Central South University,China
文摘Layered Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 was synthesized with complex metal hydroxide precursors that were prepared by a co-precipitation method.The influence of coordination between ammonia and transition-metal cations on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was studied.It is found that when the molar ratio of ammonia to total transition-metal cations is 2.7：1,uniform particle size distribution of the complex metal hydroxide is observed via scanning electron microscopy.The average particle size of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was measured to be about 500 nm,and the tap-density was measured to be approximately 2.37 g/cm3,which is comparable with that of commercialized LiCoO2.XRD analysis indicates that the presently synthesized Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 has a hexagonal layered-structure.The initial discharge capacity of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 positive-electrode material is determined to be 181.5 mA·h/g using a Li/Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cell operated at 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.8-4.5 V.The discharge capacity at the 50th cycle at 0.5C is 170.6 mA·h/g.
基金Project(2010ZCO51)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan ProvinceProject supported by Analysis and Testing Foundation(2009-041)Starting Research Fund(14118245)from Kunming University of Science and Technology
文摘As an improvement on the conventional two-layer electrode （active material layerlcurrent collector）, a novel sandwich-like three-layer electrode （conductive layerlactive material layertcurrent collector） for cathode material LiFePO4/C was introduced in order to improve its electrochemical performance. LiFePO4/C in the three-layer electrode exhibited superior rate capability in comparison with that in the two-layer electrode in accordance with charge-discharge examination. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox couple for LiFePO4 in the three-layer electrode displayed faster kinetics, better reversibility and much lower charge transfer resistance than that in the two-layer electrode in electrochemical process. For three-layer electrode, the holes in the surface of active material layer were filled by smaller acetylene black grains, which formed electrical connections and provided more pathways to electron transport to/from LiFePO4/C particles exposed to the bulk electrolyte.
文摘An organic thin-film transistor （OTFT） with an OTS/SiO2 bilayer gate insulator and a MoO3/AI electrode configuration between gate insulator and source/drain electrodes has been investigated. A thermally grown SiO2 layer is used as the OTFT gate dielectric and copper phthalocyanine（CuPc） is used as an active layer. This OTS/SiO2 bilayer gate insulator configuration increases the field-effect mobility, reduces the threshold voltage, and improves the on/off ratio simultaneously. The device with a MoO3/Al electrode has shown similar Ids compared to the device with an Au electrode at the same gate voltage. Our results indicate that using a double-layer of electrodes and a double-layer of insulators is an effective way to improve OTFT performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378431,52004338,51622406,21673298)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ40210,2022JJ20075)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3259)the Key R&D plan of Hunan Province(2024JK2096)Scientifc Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23B0699)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD008).
文摘High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51222210 and 11234013)the One Hundred Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In order to achieve better Na storage performance, most layered oxide positive electrode materials contain toxic and expensive transition metals Ni and/or Co, which are also widely used for lithium-ion batteries. Here we report a new quaternary layered oxide consisting of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ti transition metals with O3-type oxygen stacking as a positive electrode for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries. The material can be simply prepared by a high-temperature solidstate reaction route and delivers a reversible capacity of 94 m Ah/g with an average storage voltage of 3.2 V. This paves the way for cheaper and non-toxic batteries with high Na storage performance.
基金the CSIRO Low Emissions Technologies Program for the support of this studythe financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)for the Future Fellowship(FT130101337)+4 种基金QUT core funding(QUT/322120-0301/07)supported by NSF MRI(1428992)U.S.-Egypt Science and Technology(S&T)Joint FundSDBoR R&D ProgramEDA University Center Program(ED18DEN3030025)。
文摘Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005055)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01085).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023KYJD1008)the Science Research Projects of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(2022AH051582).
文摘Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21601011 and 21521005)the National Key Research and Development Programme(2017YFA0206804)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc201506 and buctylkxj01)the Higher Education and HighQuality and World-Class Universities(PY201610)
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.
