Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to ...Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to be associated with cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,relatively little is known about possible retinal layer thickness among patients with postoperative delirium.Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and postoperative delirium in this cross-sectional study.Methods The participants(≥65 years old)having elective surgery under general anaesthesia were screened via medical records from Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital.Preoperative macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL)thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT).The Confusion Assessment Method(CAM)algorithm and CAM-Severity(CAM-S)were used to assess the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium on the first,second and third days after surgery.Results Among 169 participants(mean(standard deviation(SD)71.15(4.36)years),40(24%)developed postoperative delirium.Notably,individuals who developed postoperative delirium exhibited thicker preoperative macular thickness in the right eye compared with those who did not(mean(SD)283.35(27.97)µm vs 273.84(20.14)µm,p=0.013).Furthermore,the thicker preoperative macular thickness of the right eye was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative delirium(adjusted odds ratio 1.593,95%confidence interval(CI)1.093 to 2.322,p=0.015)and greater severity(adjusted mean difference(β)=0.256,95%CI 0.037 to 0.476,p=0.022)after adjustment for age,sex and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.However,such a difference or association did not appear in the left macular or bilateral peripapillary RNFL thicknesses.Conclusions Current findings demonstrated that preoperative macular thickness might serve as a potential non-invasive marker for the vulnerability of developing postoperative delirium in older surgical patients.Further large-scale validation studies should be performed to confirm these results.展开更多
The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the diffic...The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the difficulty and time consumption of OLT sample collection,accurately predicting OLT distribution remains a challenging.To address this,a novel framework has been developed.First,OLT samples are collected through field surveys,remote sensing,and geological drilling.Next,the heterogeneity of OLT’s spatial distribution is analyzed using the probability distribution of OLT samples and their horizontal and vertical distributions.The OLT samples are categorized and the small sample categories are expanded using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).The slope position is selected as a key conditioning factor.Subsequently,16 conditioning factors are applied to construct OLT prediction model using the random forest regression algorithm.Weights are assigned to each OLT sample category to balance the uneven distribution of sample sizes.Finally,the Pearson correlation coefficient,mean absolute error(MAE),root mean square error(RMSE),and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient(Lin’s CCC)are employed to validate the OLT prediction results.The Huangtan town serves as the case study.Results show:(1)heterogeneity analysis,SMOTE-based OLT sample expansion strategy and slope position selection can significantly mitigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on OLT prediction.(2)The Pearson correlation coefficient,RMSE,MAE and Lin’s CCC values are 0.84,1.173,1.378 and 0.804,respectively,indicating excellent prediction performance.This research provides an effective solution for predicting OLT distribution in hillslope regions.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of Mg alloys has provided tremendous opportunities for customized production of aeronautical and medical parts.Layer thickness(LT)is of great significance to the L-PBF process but has not...Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of Mg alloys has provided tremendous opportunities for customized production of aeronautical and medical parts.Layer thickness(LT)is of great significance to the L-PBF process but has not been studied for Mg alloys.In this study,WE43 Mg alloy bulk cubes,porous scaffolds,and thin walls with layer thicknesses of 10,20,30,and 40μm were fabricated.The required laser energy input increased with increasing layer thickness and was different for the bulk cubes and porous scaffolds.Porosity tended to occur at the connection joints in porous scaffolds for LT40 and could be eliminated by reducing the laser energy input.For thin wall parts,a large overhang angle or a small wall thickness resulted in porosity when a large layer thicknesses was used,and the porosity disappeared by reducing the layer thickness or laser energy input.A deeper keyhole penetration was found in all occasions with porosity,explaining the influence of layer thickness,geometrical structure,and laser energy input on the porosity.All the samples achieved a high fusion quality with a relative density of over 99.5%using the optimized laser energy input.The increased layer thickness resulted to more precipitation phases,finer grain sizes and decreased grain texture.With the similar high fusion quality,the tensile strength and elongation of bulk samples were significantly improved from 257 MPa and 1.41%with the 10μm layer to 287 MPa and 15.12%with the 40μm layer,in accordance with the microstructural change.The effect of layer thickness on the compressive properties of porous scaffolds was limited.However,the corrosion rate of bulk samples accelerated with increasing the layer thickness,mainly attributed to the increased number of precipitation phases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinf...BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.展开更多
The objective of this study is to explore how different layer thicknesses affect the desiccation cracking behaviour of vegetated soil.During the experiment,an electronic balance was employed to quantify water evaporat...The objective of this study is to explore how different layer thicknesses affect the desiccation cracking behaviour of vegetated soil.During the experiment,an electronic balance was employed to quantify water evaporation,while a digital camera was utilized to capture the initiation and progression of soil surface cracking.Results indicate that in the early drying process,the rate of evapotranspiration in vegetated soil correlates positively with leaf biomass.For soil samples with the same layer thickness,the constant rate stage duration is consistently shorter in vegetated soil samples than in their bare soil counterparts.As the layer thickness increases,both vegetated and bare soil samples crack at higher water content.However,vegetated soil samples crack at lower water content than their bare soil counterparts.Vegetation significantly reduces the soil surface crack ratio and improves the soil crack resistance.The crack reduction ratio is positively correlated with both root weight and length density.In thicker vegetated soil layers,the final surface crack length noticeably declines.展开更多
The subbottom profiling is an important means of marine engineering survey, hazardous geology study and continental shelf scientific research. The accuracy of subbottom profile data interpretation has a direct impact ...The subbottom profiling is an important means of marine engineering survey, hazardous geology study and continental shelf scientific research. The accuracy of subbottom profile data interpretation has a direct impact on the research and investigation results. Because some of profilers’ transducer and hydrophone are separately installed, when the survey area is very shallow, distortion of shallow layers will be caused if it is seen as a self-excited and self-collected single-channel seismic system. According to the principle of subbottom profiler, the distortion correction formula is deduced and analyzed, providing actual value to using C-View software to interpret such subbottom profile data more accurately. In addition, the seabed sediments sound velocity is one of the key parameters when acquiring and processing the subbottom profile data. On the basis of comparing some sound velocity forecasting empirical equations, the LU Bo’s equation was considered the most appropriate to predict the seabed sediments, sound velocity at near-shore of China. In a survey of an artificial island site, the LU Bo’s equation and the porosity data obtained from geological drilling were utilized to predict the sediments sound velocity, and the sound velocity structure profile was plotted, which was applied in processing the subbottom profile data of the artificial island investigation. The method of using porosity data to predict sediments sound velocity in processing subbottom profile data can improve the interpretation accuracy and it’s of practical significance.展开更多
AIM： To explore a new diagnostic index for differentiating the evaporative dry eye（EDE） subtypes by analysis of their respective clinical characteristics. METHODS： A cross-sectional study of 139 patients（139 eyes...AIM： To explore a new diagnostic index for differentiating the evaporative dry eye（EDE） subtypes by analysis of their respective clinical characteristics. METHODS： A cross-sectional study of 139 patients（139 eyes） with EDE who were enrolled and classified as obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）（n=81） and non-obstructive MGD（n=58） EDE. All patients completed a Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness（SPEED） questionnaire and were evaluated for average lipid layer thickness（LLT）, tear meniscus height measurements（TMH）, tear break-up time（TBUT）, ocular surface staining score, Schirmer I test（SIT）, lid margin abnormalities, and meibomian gland function and morphology. RESULTS： Age, average LLT, TMH, scores of lid margin abnormalities, meibum quality, meibomian gland loss（MGL）（all P≤0.001）, and TBUT（P=0.03） were all significantly different between obstructive MGD EDE patients and nonobstructive MGD EDE patients. Average LLT in obstructive MGD EDE was correlated with meibomian expressibility（r=-0.541, P≤0.001）, lid margin abnormalities were marginally not significant（r=0.197, P=0.077）, and TMH was correlated with MGL（total MGL： r=0.552, P≤0.001; upper MGL： r=0.438, P≤0.001; lower MGL： r=0.407, P≤0.001）. Average LLT in non-obstructive MGD EDE, was correlated with meibomian expressibility and Oxford staining（r=-0.396, P=0.002; r=-0.461, P≤0.001）. The efficiency of combining average LLT and TMH was optimal, with a sensitivity of 80.2% and a specificity of 74.1%. Obstructive MGD EDE patients had an average LLT≥69 nm and TMH≥0.25 mm, while non-obstructive MGD EDE patients had an average LLT〈69 nm and TMH〈0.25 mm.CONCLUSION： Obstructive MGD EDE and nonobstructive MGD EDE have significantly different clinical characteristics. Combining average LLT and TMH measurements enhanced their reliability for differentiating these two subtypes and provided guidance for offering more precise treatments for EDE subtypes.展开更多
·AIM: To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) for one year follow-up. To discuss the possibility of detecting tendency of glauco...·AIM: To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) for one year follow-up. To discuss the possibility of detecting tendency of glaucoma in this population by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT-2000 Spectral domain).·METHODS: After polysomnographic study, all subjects(64 OSAS patients and 40 controls) underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. After these examinations,patients with glaucoma and patients who had ophthalmological and/or systemic disease were excluded from the study.Totally, 20 patients in OSAS group and five patients in controls were excluded from the study in the first examination and follow-up period. The RNFL thickness was assessed with OCT. Forty-four OSAS patients and 35 control subjects were followed up for12 mo. RNFL thickness change and OSAS patients were evaluated for severity of disease by Apnea-Hypopnea Index(AHI).·RESULTS: Forty-four OSAS patients and 35 controls were enrolled in the study. Statistically significance was found between OSAS patients and controls at the 12 thmo.Average RNFL thickness was found to be significantly lower in last measurements in OSAS patients when compared with first measurements and control subjects(P 【0.001, 0.002, respectively). There was a statistically significant correlation among AHI, and RNFL thickness(P 【0.05).·CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the patients with OSAS were related with a proportional decrease in the RNFL thickness. These patients should be followed up regularly for glaucomatous changes. Detecting more RNFL thinning in severe OSAS was important.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of different concentrations of artificial tears on lipid layer thickness （LLT） and blink rate （BR） in dry eye patients. METHODS： This study included 106 eyes of 58 patients with ...AIM： To investigate the effects of different concentrations of artificial tears on lipid layer thickness （LLT） and blink rate （BR） in dry eye patients. METHODS： This study included 106 eyes of 58 patients with dry eye. The lipid deficiency type was defined as the LLT baseline 〈75 nm. The LLT and BR were measured at baseline and 1, 5 and 15min after the instillation of 0.1% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate （SH） eye drops by using the LipiView ocular surface interferometer. RESULTS： In the lipid deficiency group, the LLT increased from baseline at 1rain post instillation. The LLT after the instillation of 0.1% SH was significantly higher than that after the instillation of 0.3% SH （P〈0.001）. The LLT returned to baseline at 15min post instillation of 0.1% SH and at 5min post instillation of 0.3% SH. In the non-lipid deficiency group, the LLT decreased from baseline at lmin and returned to baseline at 5rain for both treatments. The BRs were not significantly different at different time points for both treatments. CONCLUSION： SH eye drops induce a short-term increase in LLT of patients with lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears have a stronger effect than a high concentration of artificial tears on the increase in LLT. in comparison, SH eye drops induce a transient and slight decrease in LLT of patients without lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears might be better for patients with lipid deficiency.展开更多
Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. H...Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. Here, we conducted a field-based experiment in 2011 in the southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China, to investigate the effects of UV radiation, litter layer thickness, and their interaction on the mass loss and chemical properties of decomposing litter from Xiaozhuan poplar（Populus × xiaozhuanica） and Mongolian pine（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation trees. We found that UV radiation accelerated the decomposition rates of both the Xiaozhuan poplar litter and Mongolian pine litter. For both species, the thick-layered litter had a lower mass loss than the thin-layered litter. The interaction between UV radiation and litter layer thickness significantly affected the litter mass loss of both tree species. However, the effects of UV radiation on the chemical properties of decomposing litter differed between the two species, which may be attributed to the contrasting initial leaf litter chemical properties and morphology. UV radiation mostly had positive effects on the lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter, while it had negative effects on the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Moreover, litter layer thickness and its interaction with UV radiation showed mostly positive effects on the N concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the ratios of C/N and lignin/N of Mongolian pine litter, and mostly negative effects on the C/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Together, these results reveal the important roles played by UV radiation and litter layer thickness in the process of litter decomposition in this semi-arid region, and highlight how changes in the litter layer thickness can exert strong influences on the photodegradation of litter in tree plantations.展开更多
AIM： To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness in the morning and evening in Thai patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. METHODS： In this cross-sect...AIM： To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness in the morning and evening in Thai patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. METHODS： In this cross-sectional study, potential OSAHS patients at Siriraj Hospital underwent polysomnography to determine the severity of OSAHS and an eye examination （including best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and Goldmann applanation tonometry）. RNFL thickness was recorded once in the morning and once in the evening, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Thickness was expressed as an average and given for each quadrant. Patients with ocular or systemic diseases that might affect RNFL thickness were excluded. RESULTS： Forty-one eyes of 41 patients were classified into 40SAHS groups. The average and mean RNFL thickness in most of the four quadrants of the severe OSAHS group trended toward being less than those in the comparable quadrants of the other groups in both the morning and evening. In the moderate OSAHS group, the average RNFL thickness and temporal and superior quadrant thickness in the morning were significantly higher than in the evening （P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.03, respectively）. In the severe OSAHS group, the inferior quadrant thickness in the morning was significantly higher than in the evening （P =0.03）. CONCLUSION： The RNFL thickness in the morning was higher than in the evening in moderate OSAHS.展开更多
AIMTo determine peripapillary retinal fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal and glaucomatous eyes in a large sample of exclusively white population ...AIMTo determine peripapillary retinal fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal and glaucomatous eyes in a large sample of exclusively white population and compare results with other similarly constructed studies.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal people,so as to provide clue for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.·...AIM:To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal people,so as to provide clue for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.· METHODS:The articles on the association of RNFL thickness and Alzheimer's disease were retrieved by searching international and national databases.The qualified articles were assessed by meta analysis with Stata11.0 software.The results were pooled using weighted mean difference(WMD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval(CI).· RESULTS:Totally 7 studies enrolled 324 eyes were included in the meta-analysis.The results of meta analysis showed that in AD patients,there was a significant average RNFL thickness reduction compared with the control group [WMD=-17.561,95%CI:(-23.971,-11.151)].There were significant differences in superior,inferior,nasal and temporal RNFL thickness between the two groups.WMD with a 95%CI were [-18.829,95%CI:(-25.915,-11.743);P<0.05],[-25.775,95%CI:(-34.304,-17.247);P <0.05],[-16.877,95%CI:(-29.141,-4.613);P<0.001] and [-14.565,95%CI:(-28.002,-1.128);P<0.001] respectively.Begg's test and Egger's test did not show significant difference,funnel plot was basically symmetrical,indicating that there was no publication bias existed.· CONCLUSION:There are significant differences in the RNFL thickness in all quadrants between the two groups.RNFL thickness is reduced in AD patients compared with the control group.·展开更多
AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters ...AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.展开更多
·AIM: To explore the correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and by histological measurements in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected...·AIM: To explore the correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and by histological measurements in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats. · METHODS: The RNFL thickness of 36 rats was scanned in a circle 3.46mm far from the optic disc by OCT. The two experimental groups were the normal group ( =20 rats) and the optic nerve transected group ( =16 rats). The latter group included 4 groups ( =4 /group) surviving for 1 day, 3, 5 and 7 days. Then the RNFL thickness of the same retina area was also measured by NF -200 immunohistochemical staining method. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the data obtained from these two methods. ·RESULTS: The RNFL thickness of normal right eyes around optic disc by OCT was 72.35 ±5.71μm and that of the left eyes was 72.65 ±5.88μm ( =0.074). The RNFL thickness of the corresponding histological section by immunohistochemistry was 37.54 ±4.05μm (right eyes) and 37.38 ±4.23μm (left eyes) ( =0.059). There was a good correlation between the RNFL thickness measured by OCT and that measured by histology (R 2 =0.8131). After optic nerve transection, the trend of the RNFL thickness was thinner with the prolonged survival time. The correlation of the thickness detected by the above two methods was approximately (R 2 =0.8265). Value of the RNFL thickness in rats around optic disc measured by OCT was obviously higher than that measured by common histological measurement in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats. ·CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickness measured by OCT has a strong correlation with that measured by histological method. Through OCT scanning, we found that the thickness of RNFL gradually becomes thinner in a time-dependent manner.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome（OSAS）, and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.METHODS： Comprehensiv...AIM： To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome（OSAS）, and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.METHODS： Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Cochrane Library, Pub Med and Embase through March, 2015. Only studies that fit the selection criteria about RNFL and OSAS would be included. For the measures, we calculated the 95% confidence interval（CI）and weighted mean differences（WMD）. The systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.2software.RESULTS： Nine case-control studies were analyzed containing a total of 1086 cases and 580 controls.Average RNFL thickness in OSAS was reduced significantly compared with healthy controls in random effects model（WMD =-2.56, 95% CI：-4.82 to-0.31, P =0.003, I2=57%）. A significant RNFL thickness reduction were found between the two groups in inferior quadrant（WMD =-3.11, 95% CI：-5.53 to-0.69, P =0.01）, superior quadrant（WMD =-2.37, 95% CI：-4.7 to 0.04, P =0.05）. In nasal quadrant（WMD =-2.54, 95% CI：-6.53 to 1.45, P =0.21） and temporal quadrant（WMD=-1.26, 95% CI：-2.19 to 0.47, P =0.15） there was no difference of RNFL thickness between the two groups.CONCLUSION： The results show that RNFL thickness is lower in patients with moderate or severe OSAS than in normal subjects or patients with mild OSAS according to the nine homogeneity studies.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METH...AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METHODS：Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study.The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subject＇s right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography（OCT）.· RESULTS：The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups（all P 〉0.05）.The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups.However,the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 μm for the obesity and the control group,respectively（P =0.034）.· CONCLUSION：Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.展开更多
AIM:To assess the differences in average and sectoral peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(p RNFL)thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic...AIM:To assess the differences in average and sectoral peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(p RNFL)thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic neuropathy(NAION)compared with those with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:A comprehensive literature search of the Pub Med,Cochrane Library,and Embase databases were performed prior to October,2021.Studies that compared the p RNFL thickness in NAION eyes with that in POAG eyes with matched mean deviation of the visual fields were included.The weighted mean difference(WMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI)was used to pool continuous outcomes.RESULTS:Ten cross-sectional studies(11 datasets)comprising a total of 625 eyes(278 NAION eyes,347 POAG eyes)were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses.The pooled results demonstrated that the superior p RNFL was significantly thinner in NAION eyes than in POAG eyes(WMD=-6.40,95%CI:-12.22 to-0.58,P=0.031),whereas the inferior p RNFL was significant thinner in POAG eyes than in NAION eyes(WMD=11.10,95%CI:7.06 to 15.14,P≤0.001).No difference was noted concerning the average,nasal,and temporal p RNFL thickness(average:WMD=1.45,95%CI:-0.75 to 3.66,P=0.196;nasal:WMD=-2.12,95%CI:-4.43 to 0.19,P=0.072;temporal:WMD=-1.24,95%CI:-3.96 to 1.47,P=0.370).CONCLUSION:SD-OCT based evaluation of inferior and superior p RNFL thickness can be potentially utilized to differentiate NAION from POAG,and help to understand the different pathophysiological mechanisms between these two diseases.Further longitudinal studies and studies using eight-quadrant or clock-hour classification method are required to validate the obtained findings.展开更多
Objective:To observe the changes of peripapillary vascular density(VD)and its correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by optical coherence tomog...Objective:To observe the changes of peripapillary vascular density(VD)and its correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods:Prospective case-control study.Thirty-two patients(32 eyes)with RVO diagnosed at the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2020 to June 2021 were selected.Another 32 outpatients(32 eyes)with normal ocular examination were selected as the normal control group.Optic disc blood flow imaging was performed in all subjects using the OCTA to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness,peripapillary vessel density,optic disc area,and disc rim area.The correlation between peripapillary vascular density and RNFL,optic disc area and disc rim area in eyes with unilateral RVO was analyzed.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the prevalence of hypertension was higher in the unilateral RVO group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the overall,inferior and temporal RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,and the difference was statistically significant(P<005).Compared with the normal control group,the overall VD,internal ring,external ring and inferior VD around the optic disc were slightly decreased in patients with unilateral RVO,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary global VD(r=0.648,P<0.001),RNFL thickness was positively correlated with intrapapillary ring VD(r=0.427,P=0.015),and RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary VD(r=0.666,P<0.001).Conclusion:The results showed that the RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,especially in the inferior and temporal area,and the full area VD around the optic disc was decreased,especially in the internal ring,external ring and inferior area.In patients with unilateral RVO,peripapillary RNFL was positively correlated with peripapillary global,internal ring and external ring VD.展开更多
Voxel-based canopy profiling is commonly used to determine small-scale leaf area.Layer thickness and voxel size impact accuracy when using this method.Here,we determined the optimal combination of layer thickness and ...Voxel-based canopy profiling is commonly used to determine small-scale leaf area.Layer thickness and voxel size impact accuracy when using this method.Here,we determined the optimal combination of layer thickness and voxel size to estimate leaf area density accurately.Terrestrial LiDAR Stonex X300 was used to generate point cloud data for Masson pines(Pinus massoniana).The canopy layer was stratified into 0.10-1.00-m-thick layers,while voxel size was 0.01-0.10 m.The leaf area density of individual trees was estimated using leaf area indices for the upper,middle,and lower canopy and the overall canopy.The true leaf area index,obtained by layered harvesting,was used to verify the inversion results.Leaf area density was inverted by nine combinations of layer thickness and voxel size.The average relative accuracy and mean estimated accuracy of these combined inversion results exceeded 80%.When layer thickness was 1.00 m and voxel size 0.05 m,inversion was closest to the true value.The average relative accuracy was 92.58%,mean estimated accuracy 98.00%,and root mean square error 0.17.The combination of leaf area density and index was accurately retrieved.In conclusion,nondestructive voxel-based canopy profiling proved suitable for inverting the leaf area density of Masson pine in Hetian Town,Fujian Province.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81720108012,82001118)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0202003)+1 种基金Shanghai‘Rising Stars of Medical Talents’Youth Development Program(SHWSRS(2023)-62)Henry K.Beecher Professorship from Harvard University。
文摘Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to be associated with cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,relatively little is known about possible retinal layer thickness among patients with postoperative delirium.Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and postoperative delirium in this cross-sectional study.Methods The participants(≥65 years old)having elective surgery under general anaesthesia were screened via medical records from Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital.Preoperative macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL)thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT).The Confusion Assessment Method(CAM)algorithm and CAM-Severity(CAM-S)were used to assess the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium on the first,second and third days after surgery.Results Among 169 participants(mean(standard deviation(SD)71.15(4.36)years),40(24%)developed postoperative delirium.Notably,individuals who developed postoperative delirium exhibited thicker preoperative macular thickness in the right eye compared with those who did not(mean(SD)283.35(27.97)µm vs 273.84(20.14)µm,p=0.013).Furthermore,the thicker preoperative macular thickness of the right eye was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative delirium(adjusted odds ratio 1.593,95%confidence interval(CI)1.093 to 2.322,p=0.015)and greater severity(adjusted mean difference(β)=0.256,95%CI 0.037 to 0.476,p=0.022)after adjustment for age,sex and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.However,such a difference or association did not appear in the left macular or bilateral peripapillary RNFL thicknesses.Conclusions Current findings demonstrated that preoperative macular thickness might serve as a potential non-invasive marker for the vulnerability of developing postoperative delirium in older surgical patients.Further large-scale validation studies should be performed to confirm these results.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42407241,42272326 and 52222905)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB20241,20242BAB23052 and 20242BAB24001).
文摘The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the difficulty and time consumption of OLT sample collection,accurately predicting OLT distribution remains a challenging.To address this,a novel framework has been developed.First,OLT samples are collected through field surveys,remote sensing,and geological drilling.Next,the heterogeneity of OLT’s spatial distribution is analyzed using the probability distribution of OLT samples and their horizontal and vertical distributions.The OLT samples are categorized and the small sample categories are expanded using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).The slope position is selected as a key conditioning factor.Subsequently,16 conditioning factors are applied to construct OLT prediction model using the random forest regression algorithm.Weights are assigned to each OLT sample category to balance the uneven distribution of sample sizes.Finally,the Pearson correlation coefficient,mean absolute error(MAE),root mean square error(RMSE),and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient(Lin’s CCC)are employed to validate the OLT prediction results.The Huangtan town serves as the case study.Results show:(1)heterogeneity analysis,SMOTE-based OLT sample expansion strategy and slope position selection can significantly mitigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on OLT prediction.(2)The Pearson correlation coefficient,RMSE,MAE and Lin’s CCC values are 0.84,1.173,1.378 and 0.804,respectively,indicating excellent prediction performance.This research provides an effective solution for predicting OLT distribution in hillslope regions.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0104200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875310,52175274,82172065)Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation.
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of Mg alloys has provided tremendous opportunities for customized production of aeronautical and medical parts.Layer thickness(LT)is of great significance to the L-PBF process but has not been studied for Mg alloys.In this study,WE43 Mg alloy bulk cubes,porous scaffolds,and thin walls with layer thicknesses of 10,20,30,and 40μm were fabricated.The required laser energy input increased with increasing layer thickness and was different for the bulk cubes and porous scaffolds.Porosity tended to occur at the connection joints in porous scaffolds for LT40 and could be eliminated by reducing the laser energy input.For thin wall parts,a large overhang angle or a small wall thickness resulted in porosity when a large layer thicknesses was used,and the porosity disappeared by reducing the layer thickness or laser energy input.A deeper keyhole penetration was found in all occasions with porosity,explaining the influence of layer thickness,geometrical structure,and laser energy input on the porosity.All the samples achieved a high fusion quality with a relative density of over 99.5%using the optimized laser energy input.The increased layer thickness resulted to more precipitation phases,finer grain sizes and decreased grain texture.With the similar high fusion quality,the tensile strength and elongation of bulk samples were significantly improved from 257 MPa and 1.41%with the 10μm layer to 287 MPa and 15.12%with the 40μm layer,in accordance with the microstructural change.The effect of layer thickness on the compressive properties of porous scaffolds was limited.However,the corrosion rate of bulk samples accelerated with increasing the layer thickness,mainly attributed to the increased number of precipitation phases.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172290,42230710,41925012)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20221250).
文摘The objective of this study is to explore how different layer thicknesses affect the desiccation cracking behaviour of vegetated soil.During the experiment,an electronic balance was employed to quantify water evaporation,while a digital camera was utilized to capture the initiation and progression of soil surface cracking.Results indicate that in the early drying process,the rate of evapotranspiration in vegetated soil correlates positively with leaf biomass.For soil samples with the same layer thickness,the constant rate stage duration is consistently shorter in vegetated soil samples than in their bare soil counterparts.As the layer thickness increases,both vegetated and bare soil samples crack at higher water content.However,vegetated soil samples crack at lower water content than their bare soil counterparts.Vegetation significantly reduces the soil surface crack ratio and improves the soil crack resistance.The crack reduction ratio is positively correlated with both root weight and length density.In thicker vegetated soil layers,the final surface crack length noticeably declines.
文摘The subbottom profiling is an important means of marine engineering survey, hazardous geology study and continental shelf scientific research. The accuracy of subbottom profile data interpretation has a direct impact on the research and investigation results. Because some of profilers’ transducer and hydrophone are separately installed, when the survey area is very shallow, distortion of shallow layers will be caused if it is seen as a self-excited and self-collected single-channel seismic system. According to the principle of subbottom profiler, the distortion correction formula is deduced and analyzed, providing actual value to using C-View software to interpret such subbottom profile data more accurately. In addition, the seabed sediments sound velocity is one of the key parameters when acquiring and processing the subbottom profile data. On the basis of comparing some sound velocity forecasting empirical equations, the LU Bo’s equation was considered the most appropriate to predict the seabed sediments, sound velocity at near-shore of China. In a survey of an artificial island site, the LU Bo’s equation and the porosity data obtained from geological drilling were utilized to predict the sediments sound velocity, and the sound velocity structure profile was plotted, which was applied in processing the subbottom profile data of the artificial island investigation. The method of using porosity data to predict sediments sound velocity in processing subbottom profile data can improve the interpretation accuracy and it’s of practical significance.
基金Supported by the Provincial Frontier and Key Technology Innovation Special Fund of Guangdong Province(No.2015B020227001)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Scientific Research Projects(No.201504010023)
文摘AIM： To explore a new diagnostic index for differentiating the evaporative dry eye（EDE） subtypes by analysis of their respective clinical characteristics. METHODS： A cross-sectional study of 139 patients（139 eyes） with EDE who were enrolled and classified as obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）（n=81） and non-obstructive MGD（n=58） EDE. All patients completed a Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness（SPEED） questionnaire and were evaluated for average lipid layer thickness（LLT）, tear meniscus height measurements（TMH）, tear break-up time（TBUT）, ocular surface staining score, Schirmer I test（SIT）, lid margin abnormalities, and meibomian gland function and morphology. RESULTS： Age, average LLT, TMH, scores of lid margin abnormalities, meibum quality, meibomian gland loss（MGL）（all P≤0.001）, and TBUT（P=0.03） were all significantly different between obstructive MGD EDE patients and nonobstructive MGD EDE patients. Average LLT in obstructive MGD EDE was correlated with meibomian expressibility（r=-0.541, P≤0.001）, lid margin abnormalities were marginally not significant（r=0.197, P=0.077）, and TMH was correlated with MGL（total MGL： r=0.552, P≤0.001; upper MGL： r=0.438, P≤0.001; lower MGL： r=0.407, P≤0.001）. Average LLT in non-obstructive MGD EDE, was correlated with meibomian expressibility and Oxford staining（r=-0.396, P=0.002; r=-0.461, P≤0.001）. The efficiency of combining average LLT and TMH was optimal, with a sensitivity of 80.2% and a specificity of 74.1%. Obstructive MGD EDE patients had an average LLT≥69 nm and TMH≥0.25 mm, while non-obstructive MGD EDE patients had an average LLT〈69 nm and TMH〈0.25 mm.CONCLUSION： Obstructive MGD EDE and nonobstructive MGD EDE have significantly different clinical characteristics. Combining average LLT and TMH measurements enhanced their reliability for differentiating these two subtypes and provided guidance for offering more precise treatments for EDE subtypes.
文摘·AIM: To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) for one year follow-up. To discuss the possibility of detecting tendency of glaucoma in this population by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT-2000 Spectral domain).·METHODS: After polysomnographic study, all subjects(64 OSAS patients and 40 controls) underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. After these examinations,patients with glaucoma and patients who had ophthalmological and/or systemic disease were excluded from the study.Totally, 20 patients in OSAS group and five patients in controls were excluded from the study in the first examination and follow-up period. The RNFL thickness was assessed with OCT. Forty-four OSAS patients and 35 control subjects were followed up for12 mo. RNFL thickness change and OSAS patients were evaluated for severity of disease by Apnea-Hypopnea Index(AHI).·RESULTS: Forty-four OSAS patients and 35 controls were enrolled in the study. Statistically significance was found between OSAS patients and controls at the 12 thmo.Average RNFL thickness was found to be significantly lower in last measurements in OSAS patients when compared with first measurements and control subjects(P 【0.001, 0.002, respectively). There was a statistically significant correlation among AHI, and RNFL thickness(P 【0.05).·CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the patients with OSAS were related with a proportional decrease in the RNFL thickness. These patients should be followed up regularly for glaucomatous changes. Detecting more RNFL thinning in severe OSAS was important.
基金Supported by Provincial Frontier and Key Technology Innovation Special Fund of Guangdong Province(No.2015B020227001)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Scientific Research Projects(No.201504010023)Fundamental Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of China,and Five Five Cultivation Project of Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of different concentrations of artificial tears on lipid layer thickness （LLT） and blink rate （BR） in dry eye patients. METHODS： This study included 106 eyes of 58 patients with dry eye. The lipid deficiency type was defined as the LLT baseline 〈75 nm. The LLT and BR were measured at baseline and 1, 5 and 15min after the instillation of 0.1% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate （SH） eye drops by using the LipiView ocular surface interferometer. RESULTS： In the lipid deficiency group, the LLT increased from baseline at 1rain post instillation. The LLT after the instillation of 0.1% SH was significantly higher than that after the instillation of 0.3% SH （P〈0.001）. The LLT returned to baseline at 15min post instillation of 0.1% SH and at 5min post instillation of 0.3% SH. In the non-lipid deficiency group, the LLT decreased from baseline at lmin and returned to baseline at 5rain for both treatments. The BRs were not significantly different at different time points for both treatments. CONCLUSION： SH eye drops induce a short-term increase in LLT of patients with lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears have a stronger effect than a high concentration of artificial tears on the increase in LLT. in comparison, SH eye drops induce a transient and slight decrease in LLT of patients without lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears might be better for patients with lipid deficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270668,41373038)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB416902)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M601342)
文摘Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. Here, we conducted a field-based experiment in 2011 in the southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China, to investigate the effects of UV radiation, litter layer thickness, and their interaction on the mass loss and chemical properties of decomposing litter from Xiaozhuan poplar（Populus × xiaozhuanica） and Mongolian pine（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation trees. We found that UV radiation accelerated the decomposition rates of both the Xiaozhuan poplar litter and Mongolian pine litter. For both species, the thick-layered litter had a lower mass loss than the thin-layered litter. The interaction between UV radiation and litter layer thickness significantly affected the litter mass loss of both tree species. However, the effects of UV radiation on the chemical properties of decomposing litter differed between the two species, which may be attributed to the contrasting initial leaf litter chemical properties and morphology. UV radiation mostly had positive effects on the lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter, while it had negative effects on the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Moreover, litter layer thickness and its interaction with UV radiation showed mostly positive effects on the N concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the ratios of C/N and lignin/N of Mongolian pine litter, and mostly negative effects on the C/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Together, these results reveal the important roles played by UV radiation and litter layer thickness in the process of litter decomposition in this semi-arid region, and highlight how changes in the litter layer thickness can exert strong influences on the photodegradation of litter in tree plantations.
基金Supported partially by the Siriraj Hospital Research Fund,which helped to develop ophthalmology research.The funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of the research
文摘AIM： To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness in the morning and evening in Thai patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. METHODS： In this cross-sectional study, potential OSAHS patients at Siriraj Hospital underwent polysomnography to determine the severity of OSAHS and an eye examination （including best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and Goldmann applanation tonometry）. RNFL thickness was recorded once in the morning and once in the evening, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Thickness was expressed as an average and given for each quadrant. Patients with ocular or systemic diseases that might affect RNFL thickness were excluded. RESULTS： Forty-one eyes of 41 patients were classified into 40SAHS groups. The average and mean RNFL thickness in most of the four quadrants of the severe OSAHS group trended toward being less than those in the comparable quadrants of the other groups in both the morning and evening. In the moderate OSAHS group, the average RNFL thickness and temporal and superior quadrant thickness in the morning were significantly higher than in the evening （P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.03, respectively）. In the severe OSAHS group, the inferior quadrant thickness in the morning was significantly higher than in the evening （P =0.03）. CONCLUSION： The RNFL thickness in the morning was higher than in the evening in moderate OSAHS.
文摘AIMTo determine peripapillary retinal fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal and glaucomatous eyes in a large sample of exclusively white population and compare results with other similarly constructed studies.
文摘AIM:To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal people,so as to provide clue for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.· METHODS:The articles on the association of RNFL thickness and Alzheimer's disease were retrieved by searching international and national databases.The qualified articles were assessed by meta analysis with Stata11.0 software.The results were pooled using weighted mean difference(WMD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval(CI).· RESULTS:Totally 7 studies enrolled 324 eyes were included in the meta-analysis.The results of meta analysis showed that in AD patients,there was a significant average RNFL thickness reduction compared with the control group [WMD=-17.561,95%CI:(-23.971,-11.151)].There were significant differences in superior,inferior,nasal and temporal RNFL thickness between the two groups.WMD with a 95%CI were [-18.829,95%CI:(-25.915,-11.743);P<0.05],[-25.775,95%CI:(-34.304,-17.247);P <0.05],[-16.877,95%CI:(-29.141,-4.613);P<0.001] and [-14.565,95%CI:(-28.002,-1.128);P<0.001] respectively.Begg's test and Egger's test did not show significant difference,funnel plot was basically symmetrical,indicating that there was no publication bias existed.· CONCLUSION:There are significant differences in the RNFL thickness in all quadrants between the two groups.RNFL thickness is reduced in AD patients compared with the control group.·
文摘AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81070729,No.81100663)Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No.20100162110067)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.11JJ2020)Young Teachers Training Program of University of Hunan Province
文摘·AIM: To explore the correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and by histological measurements in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats. · METHODS: The RNFL thickness of 36 rats was scanned in a circle 3.46mm far from the optic disc by OCT. The two experimental groups were the normal group ( =20 rats) and the optic nerve transected group ( =16 rats). The latter group included 4 groups ( =4 /group) surviving for 1 day, 3, 5 and 7 days. Then the RNFL thickness of the same retina area was also measured by NF -200 immunohistochemical staining method. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the data obtained from these two methods. ·RESULTS: The RNFL thickness of normal right eyes around optic disc by OCT was 72.35 ±5.71μm and that of the left eyes was 72.65 ±5.88μm ( =0.074). The RNFL thickness of the corresponding histological section by immunohistochemistry was 37.54 ±4.05μm (right eyes) and 37.38 ±4.23μm (left eyes) ( =0.059). There was a good correlation between the RNFL thickness measured by OCT and that measured by histology (R 2 =0.8131). After optic nerve transection, the trend of the RNFL thickness was thinner with the prolonged survival time. The correlation of the thickness detected by the above two methods was approximately (R 2 =0.8265). Value of the RNFL thickness in rats around optic disc measured by OCT was obviously higher than that measured by common histological measurement in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats. ·CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickness measured by OCT has a strong correlation with that measured by histological method. Through OCT scanning, we found that the thickness of RNFL gradually becomes thinner in a time-dependent manner.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370993)
文摘AIM： To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome（OSAS）, and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.METHODS： Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Cochrane Library, Pub Med and Embase through March, 2015. Only studies that fit the selection criteria about RNFL and OSAS would be included. For the measures, we calculated the 95% confidence interval（CI）and weighted mean differences（WMD）. The systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.2software.RESULTS： Nine case-control studies were analyzed containing a total of 1086 cases and 580 controls.Average RNFL thickness in OSAS was reduced significantly compared with healthy controls in random effects model（WMD =-2.56, 95% CI：-4.82 to-0.31, P =0.003, I2=57%）. A significant RNFL thickness reduction were found between the two groups in inferior quadrant（WMD =-3.11, 95% CI：-5.53 to-0.69, P =0.01）, superior quadrant（WMD =-2.37, 95% CI：-4.7 to 0.04, P =0.05）. In nasal quadrant（WMD =-2.54, 95% CI：-6.53 to 1.45, P =0.21） and temporal quadrant（WMD=-1.26, 95% CI：-2.19 to 0.47, P =0.15） there was no difference of RNFL thickness between the two groups.CONCLUSION： The results show that RNFL thickness is lower in patients with moderate or severe OSAS than in normal subjects or patients with mild OSAS according to the nine homogeneity studies.
基金partially presented at the 7~(th) Mediteretina Club International Meeting,April 17-20,2014,Istanbul
文摘AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METHODS：Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study.The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subject＇s right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography（OCT）.· RESULTS：The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups（all P 〉0.05）.The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups.However,the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 μm for the obesity and the control group,respectively（P =0.034）.· CONCLUSION：Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070967No.81770930)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province Grant(No.2020jj4788)China Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2020SK2086)。
文摘AIM:To assess the differences in average and sectoral peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(p RNFL)thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic neuropathy(NAION)compared with those with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:A comprehensive literature search of the Pub Med,Cochrane Library,and Embase databases were performed prior to October,2021.Studies that compared the p RNFL thickness in NAION eyes with that in POAG eyes with matched mean deviation of the visual fields were included.The weighted mean difference(WMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI)was used to pool continuous outcomes.RESULTS:Ten cross-sectional studies(11 datasets)comprising a total of 625 eyes(278 NAION eyes,347 POAG eyes)were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses.The pooled results demonstrated that the superior p RNFL was significantly thinner in NAION eyes than in POAG eyes(WMD=-6.40,95%CI:-12.22 to-0.58,P=0.031),whereas the inferior p RNFL was significant thinner in POAG eyes than in NAION eyes(WMD=11.10,95%CI:7.06 to 15.14,P≤0.001).No difference was noted concerning the average,nasal,and temporal p RNFL thickness(average:WMD=1.45,95%CI:-0.75 to 3.66,P=0.196;nasal:WMD=-2.12,95%CI:-4.43 to 0.19,P=0.072;temporal:WMD=-1.24,95%CI:-3.96 to 1.47,P=0.370).CONCLUSION:SD-OCT based evaluation of inferior and superior p RNFL thickness can be potentially utilized to differentiate NAION from POAG,and help to understand the different pathophysiological mechanisms between these two diseases.Further longitudinal studies and studies using eight-quadrant or clock-hour classification method are required to validate the obtained findings.
文摘Objective:To observe the changes of peripapillary vascular density(VD)and its correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods:Prospective case-control study.Thirty-two patients(32 eyes)with RVO diagnosed at the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2020 to June 2021 were selected.Another 32 outpatients(32 eyes)with normal ocular examination were selected as the normal control group.Optic disc blood flow imaging was performed in all subjects using the OCTA to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness,peripapillary vessel density,optic disc area,and disc rim area.The correlation between peripapillary vascular density and RNFL,optic disc area and disc rim area in eyes with unilateral RVO was analyzed.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the prevalence of hypertension was higher in the unilateral RVO group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the overall,inferior and temporal RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,and the difference was statistically significant(P<005).Compared with the normal control group,the overall VD,internal ring,external ring and inferior VD around the optic disc were slightly decreased in patients with unilateral RVO,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary global VD(r=0.648,P<0.001),RNFL thickness was positively correlated with intrapapillary ring VD(r=0.427,P=0.015),and RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary VD(r=0.666,P<0.001).Conclusion:The results showed that the RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,especially in the inferior and temporal area,and the full area VD around the optic disc was decreased,especially in the internal ring,external ring and inferior area.In patients with unilateral RVO,peripapillary RNFL was positively correlated with peripapillary global,internal ring and external ring VD.
基金This research was funded by Fujian University Industry-University Cooperation Project(grant number 2019N5012)Remote Sensing Quantitative Simulation of Rainfall Erosion Reduction Function of Forest Vertical Structure(grant number 31770760).
文摘Voxel-based canopy profiling is commonly used to determine small-scale leaf area.Layer thickness and voxel size impact accuracy when using this method.Here,we determined the optimal combination of layer thickness and voxel size to estimate leaf area density accurately.Terrestrial LiDAR Stonex X300 was used to generate point cloud data for Masson pines(Pinus massoniana).The canopy layer was stratified into 0.10-1.00-m-thick layers,while voxel size was 0.01-0.10 m.The leaf area density of individual trees was estimated using leaf area indices for the upper,middle,and lower canopy and the overall canopy.The true leaf area index,obtained by layered harvesting,was used to verify the inversion results.Leaf area density was inverted by nine combinations of layer thickness and voxel size.The average relative accuracy and mean estimated accuracy of these combined inversion results exceeded 80%.When layer thickness was 1.00 m and voxel size 0.05 m,inversion was closest to the true value.The average relative accuracy was 92.58%,mean estimated accuracy 98.00%,and root mean square error 0.17.The combination of leaf area density and index was accurately retrieved.In conclusion,nondestructive voxel-based canopy profiling proved suitable for inverting the leaf area density of Masson pine in Hetian Town,Fujian Province.
