This paper analyzes the convective heat transfer enhancement mechanism of latent heat functionally thermal fluid. By using the proposed internal heat source model, the influence of each factor affecting the heat trans...This paper analyzes the convective heat transfer enhancement mechanism of latent heat functionally thermal fluid. By using the proposed internal heat source model, the influence of each factor affecting the heat transfer enhancement of laminar flow in a circular tube with constant heat flux is analyzed. The main influencing factors and the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement are clarified, and the influences of the main factors on the heat transfer enhancement are quantitatively analyzed. A modified Nusselt number for internal flow is introduced to describe more effectively the degree of heat transfer enhancement for latent functionally thermal fluid.展开更多
In this paper, a new model to analyze laminar forced convective enhanced heat transfer in latent function-ally thermal fluid is developed. The main characteristics of the model are: i) a new formula of the specific he...In this paper, a new model to analyze laminar forced convective enhanced heat transfer in latent function-ally thermal fluid is developed. The main characteristics of the model are: i) a new formula of the specific heat at con-stant pressure is used; ⅱ) a real heat transfer process is considered; that is, heat transfer processes occur not only between working fluid and microcapsules, but also between the mixture and tube wall; ⅲ) the new method, which com-bines the newly developed axisymmetrical dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with finite difference method (FDM), is used to solve the control equations of this problem. The new model is validated by experimental data. Some new physical results on the variational characteristics of the specific heat at constant pressure with space and time during phase-change process, the time-marching history of the phase-change interfaces and so on are obtained. Several main physical factors that affect enhanced heat transfer in latent functionally thermal fluid are numerically analyzed. Some new understandings for the mechanism of enhanced heat transfer in the functionally fluid are obtained.展开更多
The latent heat of the microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)increases the effective ther-mal capacity of latent functionally thermal fluid.However,researchers found that the heat transfer performance of such f...The latent heat of the microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)increases the effective ther-mal capacity of latent functionally thermal fluid.However,researchers found that the heat transfer performance of such fluids was diminished due to the reduction of the low thermal conductivity of MPCM.For this reason,the nanoparticle enhanced latent functionally thermal fluids were formulated and the heat transfer behaviors of these fluids in a vertical circular tube at the laminar regime were conducted.The result showed that slurries containing 0.5% TiO2 nanoparticles by mass and 5%―20% MPCM by mass exhibited improved heat transfer rates in comparison with the conventional latent functionally thermal fluid and that the enhancement increased with the increasing MPCM concentration and up to 18.9% of the dimensionless wall temperature was reduced.展开更多
The heat transfer of latent functionally thermal fluid in three kinds of tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars is numerically researched using equivalent spe- cific heat model, and the flow fields are analyze...The heat transfer of latent functionally thermal fluid in three kinds of tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars is numerically researched using equivalent spe- cific heat model, and the flow fields are analyzed with field synergy field. It is found that in the tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars, the heat transfer effects of functionally thermal fluid become more and more pronounced with the Ste de- creasing. This is similar to be case of functionally thermal fluid flowing in smooth straight tubes. Compared with the results receiving from smooth straight tubes, the heat transfer of functional thermal fluid in tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars has been significantly enhanced. And this effect becomes more apparent as the diameter of coaxially inserted cylindrical bars increases meanwhile, however, energy consuming of the tubes shows the same trend.展开更多
Many advanced mathematical models of biochemical, biophysical and other processes in systems biology can be described by parametrized systems of nonlinear differential equations. Due to complexity of the models, a pro...Many advanced mathematical models of biochemical, biophysical and other processes in systems biology can be described by parametrized systems of nonlinear differential equations. Due to complexity of the models, a problem of their simplification has become of great importance. In particular, rather challengeable methods of estimation of parameters in these models may require such simplifications. The paper offers a practical way of constructing approximations of nonlinearly parametrized functions by linearly parametrized ones. As the idea of such approximations goes back to Principal Component Analysis, we call the corresponding transformation Principal Component Transform. We show that this transform possesses the best individual fit property, in the sense that the corresponding approximations preserve most information (in some sense) about the original function. It is also demonstrated how one can estimate the error between the given function and its approximations. In addition, we apply the theory of tensor products of compact operators in Hilbert spaces to justify our method for the case of the products of parametrized functions. Finally, we provide several examples, which are of relevance for systems biology.展开更多
The extensive literature on the fatigue problem, published for more than one hundred years, is reviewed by the known scientists [1,2]. As it follows from these investigations, the fundamental amount of failures in eng...The extensive literature on the fatigue problem, published for more than one hundred years, is reviewed by the known scientists [1,2]. As it follows from these investigations, the fundamental amount of failures in engineering practice connected with the fatigue fractures of materials and structure elements. The fatigue problem is complicated one and it is not solved yet. So the theoretical and experimental investigations of this problem will be continued. In our paper the energy approach to formulate the fatigue strength criterion is proposed. The criterion is based on the conception of the latent energy [3-7]. This conception was not applied previously to the fatigue problem. The latent energy is consumed to generate the irreversible deformation and to damage and fracture of metallic materials. So the fatigue fracture criterion can be formulated using the results of latent energy measurements in the macro experiments. This is most impotent advantage of the proposed approach. The logistic function is used to describe the dependence of latent energy from the value of irreversible deformation. It is assumed that the cyclic strength of metals is defined by the latent energy, stored in specimen, when it is reached the critical value in accordance with the logistic curve in a saturation zone. This proposal is used to formulate the fatigue strength criterion. The functions and parameters of received criterion are concretized and comparisons with experimental results for axial cyclic tension for sheet aluminum alloy specimens are given.展开更多
成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults,LADA)是一种缓慢发展的自身免疫胰岛细胞损伤引起的糖尿病,胰岛β细胞功能衰退速度较T2DM快,但较经典T1DM缓慢,其临床过程可分为非胰岛素依赖阶段和胰岛素依赖阶段。...成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults,LADA)是一种缓慢发展的自身免疫胰岛细胞损伤引起的糖尿病,胰岛β细胞功能衰退速度较T2DM快,但较经典T1DM缓慢,其临床过程可分为非胰岛素依赖阶段和胰岛素依赖阶段。因此,在选择降糖药物时更应注重选择调节胰岛自身免疫反应、保护胰岛β细胞功能的药物来减缓胰岛β细胞衰竭的速度。本文旨在针对国内已上市的降糖药物对LADA患者的胰岛β细胞可能的保护作用做以阐述。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50076020)the Key Projects of Basic Research and Development of China(Grant No.G2000026309)the Excellent Young Faculty Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘This paper analyzes the convective heat transfer enhancement mechanism of latent heat functionally thermal fluid. By using the proposed internal heat source model, the influence of each factor affecting the heat transfer enhancement of laminar flow in a circular tube with constant heat flux is analyzed. The main influencing factors and the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement are clarified, and the influences of the main factors on the heat transfer enhancement are quantitatively analyzed. A modified Nusselt number for internal flow is introduced to describe more effectively the degree of heat transfer enhancement for latent functionally thermal fluid.
文摘In this paper, a new model to analyze laminar forced convective enhanced heat transfer in latent function-ally thermal fluid is developed. The main characteristics of the model are: i) a new formula of the specific heat at con-stant pressure is used; ⅱ) a real heat transfer process is considered; that is, heat transfer processes occur not only between working fluid and microcapsules, but also between the mixture and tube wall; ⅲ) the new method, which com-bines the newly developed axisymmetrical dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with finite difference method (FDM), is used to solve the control equations of this problem. The new model is validated by experimental data. Some new physical results on the variational characteristics of the specific heat at constant pressure with space and time during phase-change process, the time-marching history of the phase-change interfaces and so on are obtained. Several main physical factors that affect enhanced heat transfer in latent functionally thermal fluid are numerically analyzed. Some new understandings for the mechanism of enhanced heat transfer in the functionally fluid are obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50076020)
文摘The latent heat of the microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)increases the effective ther-mal capacity of latent functionally thermal fluid.However,researchers found that the heat transfer performance of such fluids was diminished due to the reduction of the low thermal conductivity of MPCM.For this reason,the nanoparticle enhanced latent functionally thermal fluids were formulated and the heat transfer behaviors of these fluids in a vertical circular tube at the laminar regime were conducted.The result showed that slurries containing 0.5% TiO2 nanoparticles by mass and 5%―20% MPCM by mass exhibited improved heat transfer rates in comparison with the conventional latent functionally thermal fluid and that the enhancement increased with the increasing MPCM concentration and up to 18.9% of the dimensionless wall temperature was reduced.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50436020)
文摘The heat transfer of latent functionally thermal fluid in three kinds of tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars is numerically researched using equivalent spe- cific heat model, and the flow fields are analyzed with field synergy field. It is found that in the tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars, the heat transfer effects of functionally thermal fluid become more and more pronounced with the Ste de- creasing. This is similar to be case of functionally thermal fluid flowing in smooth straight tubes. Compared with the results receiving from smooth straight tubes, the heat transfer of functional thermal fluid in tubes with coaxially inserted cylindrical bars has been significantly enhanced. And this effect becomes more apparent as the diameter of coaxially inserted cylindrical bars increases meanwhile, however, energy consuming of the tubes shows the same trend.
文摘Many advanced mathematical models of biochemical, biophysical and other processes in systems biology can be described by parametrized systems of nonlinear differential equations. Due to complexity of the models, a problem of their simplification has become of great importance. In particular, rather challengeable methods of estimation of parameters in these models may require such simplifications. The paper offers a practical way of constructing approximations of nonlinearly parametrized functions by linearly parametrized ones. As the idea of such approximations goes back to Principal Component Analysis, we call the corresponding transformation Principal Component Transform. We show that this transform possesses the best individual fit property, in the sense that the corresponding approximations preserve most information (in some sense) about the original function. It is also demonstrated how one can estimate the error between the given function and its approximations. In addition, we apply the theory of tensor products of compact operators in Hilbert spaces to justify our method for the case of the products of parametrized functions. Finally, we provide several examples, which are of relevance for systems biology.
文摘The extensive literature on the fatigue problem, published for more than one hundred years, is reviewed by the known scientists [1,2]. As it follows from these investigations, the fundamental amount of failures in engineering practice connected with the fatigue fractures of materials and structure elements. The fatigue problem is complicated one and it is not solved yet. So the theoretical and experimental investigations of this problem will be continued. In our paper the energy approach to formulate the fatigue strength criterion is proposed. The criterion is based on the conception of the latent energy [3-7]. This conception was not applied previously to the fatigue problem. The latent energy is consumed to generate the irreversible deformation and to damage and fracture of metallic materials. So the fatigue fracture criterion can be formulated using the results of latent energy measurements in the macro experiments. This is most impotent advantage of the proposed approach. The logistic function is used to describe the dependence of latent energy from the value of irreversible deformation. It is assumed that the cyclic strength of metals is defined by the latent energy, stored in specimen, when it is reached the critical value in accordance with the logistic curve in a saturation zone. This proposal is used to formulate the fatigue strength criterion. The functions and parameters of received criterion are concretized and comparisons with experimental results for axial cyclic tension for sheet aluminum alloy specimens are given.
文摘成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults,LADA)是一种缓慢发展的自身免疫胰岛细胞损伤引起的糖尿病,胰岛β细胞功能衰退速度较T2DM快,但较经典T1DM缓慢,其临床过程可分为非胰岛素依赖阶段和胰岛素依赖阶段。因此,在选择降糖药物时更应注重选择调节胰岛自身免疫反应、保护胰岛β细胞功能的药物来减缓胰岛β细胞衰竭的速度。本文旨在针对国内已上市的降糖药物对LADA患者的胰岛β细胞可能的保护作用做以阐述。
