Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet ...Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.展开更多
The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Z...The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.展开更多
The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablatio...The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.展开更多
Objective:To isolate and identify active constituents from Gracilaria chorda extract prepared under subcritical water conditions at 210℃(GCSW210)and evaluate their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in 3T3-L1 adi...Objective:To isolate and identify active constituents from Gracilaria chorda extract prepared under subcritical water conditions at 210℃(GCSW210)and evaluate their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese zebrafish larvae.Methods:GCSW210 was fractionated through solvent partitioning,ion-exchange chromatography,and silica gel medium-pressure liquid chromatography,followed by preparative high performance liquid chromatography.At each step,bioactivities were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Oil Red O staining and 2-NBDG uptake assays.The most active fractions were further purified,and isolated compounds were tested in HFD-induced obese zebrafish larvae.Results:Liquid chromatography-hyphenated analysis with reference standards identified two major compounds in GCSW210:5-hydroxymethylfurfural and bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether.Both compounds significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and modulated gene expression associated with adipogenesis,glucose metabolism,and inflammation in zebrafish.They also enhanced glucose uptake,reduced circulating glucose levels,and improved insulin sensitivity.Notably,the effects were comparable to those of the crude GCSW210 extract.In silico docking studies confirmed stable interactions of both compounds with key metabolic and inflammatory targets,with bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether showing stronger binding affinities.Conclusions:These findings suggest that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether are key contributors to the therapeutic activity of Gracilaria chorda,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention or management of metabolic disorders.展开更多
Background Black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM)stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile.Nonetheless,its potential to mitigate coccidia infection...Background Black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM)stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile.Nonetheless,its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM(pBSFLM)on growth performance,nutrient utilization,and intestinal health,focusing on morphology,immunology,and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers.Methods Over the initial 13 d,480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations(0,60,or 120 g/kg).At d 13 post hatching,chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets,generating six treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E.maxima,E.acervulina,and E.tenella(25,000:125,000:25,000).Results During the infection phase(d 13 to 19),linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio(G:F)(P<0.05)and cecal interferon-γ(IFN-γ,P<0.05),with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration(P=0.06).A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth(CD,P<0.05).Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F,CD,IFN-γ,and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge.Conversely in nonchallenged birds,the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral(e.g.G:F)to potentially advantageous(e.g.acetate).Challenged birds exhibited decreased(P<0.01)BW,BW gain,feed intake(FI),and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM,gross energy,and nitrogen(N).Eimeria challenge reduced(P<0.01)serum carotenoid concentrations,decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD,P<0.01),and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids,specifically isobutyrate(P=0.059)and isovalerate(P<0.05)in the cecum.Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced(P<0.05)BW,FI,and N utilization.Tendencies(P<0.06)were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density.Conclusions Increasing pBSFLM supplementation,particularly at 12%,adversely affected growth,ileal morphology,cecal acetate production,and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.展开更多
Food waste presents a major global environmental challenge,contributing to resource depletion,greenhouse gas emissions,and climate change.Black Soldier Fly Larvae(BSFL)offer an eco-friendly solution due to their excep...Food waste presents a major global environmental challenge,contributing to resource depletion,greenhouse gas emissions,and climate change.Black Soldier Fly Larvae(BSFL)offer an eco-friendly solution due to their exceptional ability to decompose organic matter.However,accurately identifying larval instars is critical for optimizing feeding efficiency and downstreamapplications,as different stages exhibit only subtle visual differences.This study proposes a real-timemobile application for automatic classification of BSFL larval stages.The systemdistinguishes between early instars(Stages 1–4),suitable for food waste processing and animal feed,and late instars(Stages 5–6),optimal for pupation and industrial use.A baseline YOLO11 model was employed,achieving a mAP50-95 of 0.811.To further improve performance and efficiency,we introduce YOLO11-DSConv,a novel adaptation incorporating Depthwise Separable Convolutions specifically optimized for the unique challenges of BSFL classification.Unlike existing YOLO+DSConv implementations,our approach is tailored for the subtle visual differences between larval stages and integrated into a complete end-to-end system.The enhanced model achieved a mAP50-95 of 0.813 while reducing computational complexity by 15.5%.The proposed system demonstrates high accuracy and lightweight performance,making it suitable for deployment on resource-constrained agricultural devices,while directly supporting circular economy initiatives through precise larval stage identification.By integrating BSFL classification with realtime AI,this work contributes to sustainable food wastemanagement and advances intelligent applications in precision agriculture and circular economy initiatives.Additional supplementary materials and the implementation code are available at the following link:YOLO11-DSConv,Server Side,Mobile Application.展开更多
[ Objective ] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp. [ Method ] The heterobacteria, vibr...[ Objective ] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp. [ Method ] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system. [ Result] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius, then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period, both boterobacteria in larvae, vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude, while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude. There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait. The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0. 704 and 0. 840 in culture system respectively, while the correlation among heterobacteria, vibrios in living bait and larvae, water were weak or negative. [ Conclusion ] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period, and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore key technology to cultivate Holotdchia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues and to provide, technologicar sup- ports for processing of Agaricus bisporus residues. [Metho...[Objective] The aim was to explore key technology to cultivate Holotdchia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues and to provide, technologicar sup- ports for processing of Agaricus bisporus residues. [Method] In the research, fodder thickness, population density and residues under different treatments were set to re- search effects on Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Result] The optimal thickness of fodder was 25 cm and the optimal feeding density was 44-56 larvae per hectare. The dry residues were more suitable, compared with decomposed residues and corn bran powders, for cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Conclusion] Cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues is a new method to make use of Agaricus bisporus residues and of significance for extension of agricul- tural circulation chain, increase of economic benefits and ecological benefits.展开更多
In order to solve the seasonal supply problem of Clanis bilineata Walker larvae,effects of larva instar,time and temperature on larvae preservation were studied in this experiment.The results indicated that the 5th in...In order to solve the seasonal supply problem of Clanis bilineata Walker larvae,effects of larva instar,time and temperature on larvae preservation were studied in this experiment.The results indicated that the 5th instar mature larvae had the best preservation durability,and their optimum preservation condition was 2-4 ℃ with a upper time limit of 8 months.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of bananamoth [ Opogona sacchari （ Bojer ） ] larvae in sugarcane. [ Method ] Through the rearing test of bananamoth larvae with different hosts...[ Objective] The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of bananamoth [ Opogona sacchari （ Bojer ） ] larvae in sugarcane. [ Method ] Through the rearing test of bananamoth larvae with different hosts, the biological characteristics of bananamoth larvae in sugarcane were observed and analyzed. [ Result ] The mortality rate of bananamoth larvae reared with sugarcane was higher than that of the pests reared with potato. The larva had 8 instars, and the devel- opment duration of the larvae reared with sugarcane was 34.6 d longer than the pests reared with potato. The larvae needed about 98.8 d to complete a generation in average. Viewed from the observation values of head width, body length and weight of larvae, bananamoth larvae reared with sugarcane basically accorded with the growth and development law of larvae. [Condusion ] The results provided theoretical basis for the preparation of effective measures against bananamoth and the assurance of safe production of.sugarcane.展开更多
In order to control the spawning quality and improve the economic benefit of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, the indoor temperature and light control methods were employed for artificial maturation, spawning and hatch...In order to control the spawning quality and improve the economic benefit of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, the indoor temperature and light control methods were employed for artificial maturation, spawning and hatching of A. japonicus, and the larval survival rate, disease incidence rate and economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed that compared with those of conventional temperature-reared larvae, the survival rate of raised temperature-reared larvae was increased by 15.8%, the disease incidence rate was reduced by 10.2%, and the economic benefit was improved by 21.6%. These results will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the artificial breeding of A. japonicus.展开更多
The larval external morphologies of Eupithecia abietaria debrunneata Stau dinger, Eupithecia spadix Inoue and Telenomeuta punctimarginaria (Leech) of Larentiinae are described.
A chironomid larvae images recognition method based on wavelet energy feature and improved KNN is developed. Wavelet decomposition and color information entropy are selected to construct vectors for KNN that is used t...A chironomid larvae images recognition method based on wavelet energy feature and improved KNN is developed. Wavelet decomposition and color information entropy are selected to construct vectors for KNN that is used to classify of the images. The distance function is modified according to the weight determined by the correlation degree between feature and class, which effectively improves classification accuracy. The result shows the mean accuracy of classification rate is up to 95.41% for freshwater plankton images, such as chironomid larvae, cyclops and harpacticoida.展开更多
Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae o...Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.展开更多
文摘Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.
文摘The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22174103 and 21575107)。
文摘The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.
文摘Objective:To isolate and identify active constituents from Gracilaria chorda extract prepared under subcritical water conditions at 210℃(GCSW210)and evaluate their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese zebrafish larvae.Methods:GCSW210 was fractionated through solvent partitioning,ion-exchange chromatography,and silica gel medium-pressure liquid chromatography,followed by preparative high performance liquid chromatography.At each step,bioactivities were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Oil Red O staining and 2-NBDG uptake assays.The most active fractions were further purified,and isolated compounds were tested in HFD-induced obese zebrafish larvae.Results:Liquid chromatography-hyphenated analysis with reference standards identified two major compounds in GCSW210:5-hydroxymethylfurfural and bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether.Both compounds significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and modulated gene expression associated with adipogenesis,glucose metabolism,and inflammation in zebrafish.They also enhanced glucose uptake,reduced circulating glucose levels,and improved insulin sensitivity.Notably,the effects were comparable to those of the crude GCSW210 extract.In silico docking studies confirmed stable interactions of both compounds with key metabolic and inflammatory targets,with bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether showing stronger binding affinities.Conclusions:These findings suggest that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether are key contributors to the therapeutic activity of Gracilaria chorda,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention or management of metabolic disorders.
文摘Background Black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM)stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile.Nonetheless,its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM(pBSFLM)on growth performance,nutrient utilization,and intestinal health,focusing on morphology,immunology,and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers.Methods Over the initial 13 d,480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations(0,60,or 120 g/kg).At d 13 post hatching,chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets,generating six treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E.maxima,E.acervulina,and E.tenella(25,000:125,000:25,000).Results During the infection phase(d 13 to 19),linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio(G:F)(P<0.05)and cecal interferon-γ(IFN-γ,P<0.05),with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration(P=0.06).A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth(CD,P<0.05).Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F,CD,IFN-γ,and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge.Conversely in nonchallenged birds,the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral(e.g.G:F)to potentially advantageous(e.g.acetate).Challenged birds exhibited decreased(P<0.01)BW,BW gain,feed intake(FI),and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM,gross energy,and nitrogen(N).Eimeria challenge reduced(P<0.01)serum carotenoid concentrations,decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD,P<0.01),and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids,specifically isobutyrate(P=0.059)and isovalerate(P<0.05)in the cecum.Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced(P<0.05)BW,FI,and N utilization.Tendencies(P<0.06)were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density.Conclusions Increasing pBSFLM supplementation,particularly at 12%,adversely affected growth,ileal morphology,cecal acetate production,and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.
文摘Food waste presents a major global environmental challenge,contributing to resource depletion,greenhouse gas emissions,and climate change.Black Soldier Fly Larvae(BSFL)offer an eco-friendly solution due to their exceptional ability to decompose organic matter.However,accurately identifying larval instars is critical for optimizing feeding efficiency and downstreamapplications,as different stages exhibit only subtle visual differences.This study proposes a real-timemobile application for automatic classification of BSFL larval stages.The systemdistinguishes between early instars(Stages 1–4),suitable for food waste processing and animal feed,and late instars(Stages 5–6),optimal for pupation and industrial use.A baseline YOLO11 model was employed,achieving a mAP50-95 of 0.811.To further improve performance and efficiency,we introduce YOLO11-DSConv,a novel adaptation incorporating Depthwise Separable Convolutions specifically optimized for the unique challenges of BSFL classification.Unlike existing YOLO+DSConv implementations,our approach is tailored for the subtle visual differences between larval stages and integrated into a complete end-to-end system.The enhanced model achieved a mAP50-95 of 0.813 while reducing computational complexity by 15.5%.The proposed system demonstrates high accuracy and lightweight performance,making it suitable for deployment on resource-constrained agricultural devices,while directly supporting circular economy initiatives through precise larval stage identification.By integrating BSFL classification with realtime AI,this work contributes to sustainable food wastemanagement and advances intelligent applications in precision agriculture and circular economy initiatives.Additional supplementary materials and the implementation code are available at the following link:YOLO11-DSConv,Server Side,Mobile Application.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2006AA10A406)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006BAD01A13)Public Agriculture Specific Research Program (nyhyzx07-042)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp. [ Method ] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system. [ Result] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius, then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period, both boterobacteria in larvae, vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude, while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude. There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait. The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0. 704 and 0. 840 in culture system respectively, while the correlation among heterobacteria, vibrios in living bait and larvae, water were weak or negative. [ Conclusion ] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period, and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAD89B09-10)National Public Service Project (200803033-A0903)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore key technology to cultivate Holotdchia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues and to provide, technologicar sup- ports for processing of Agaricus bisporus residues. [Method] In the research, fodder thickness, population density and residues under different treatments were set to re- search effects on Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Result] The optimal thickness of fodder was 25 cm and the optimal feeding density was 44-56 larvae per hectare. The dry residues were more suitable, compared with decomposed residues and corn bran powders, for cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Conclusion] Cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues is a new method to make use of Agaricus bisporus residues and of significance for extension of agricul- tural circulation chain, increase of economic benefits and ecological benefits.
文摘In order to solve the seasonal supply problem of Clanis bilineata Walker larvae,effects of larva instar,time and temperature on larvae preservation were studied in this experiment.The results indicated that the 5th instar mature larvae had the best preservation durability,and their optimum preservation condition was 2-4 ℃ with a upper time limit of 8 months.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture (nycytx-024-01-07)Research Special Fund for PublicService Sectors (Agriculture) (200903004)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of bananamoth [ Opogona sacchari （ Bojer ） ] larvae in sugarcane. [ Method ] Through the rearing test of bananamoth larvae with different hosts, the biological characteristics of bananamoth larvae in sugarcane were observed and analyzed. [ Result ] The mortality rate of bananamoth larvae reared with sugarcane was higher than that of the pests reared with potato. The larva had 8 instars, and the devel- opment duration of the larvae reared with sugarcane was 34.6 d longer than the pests reared with potato. The larvae needed about 98.8 d to complete a generation in average. Viewed from the observation values of head width, body length and weight of larvae, bananamoth larvae reared with sugarcane basically accorded with the growth and development law of larvae. [Condusion ] The results provided theoretical basis for the preparation of effective measures against bananamoth and the assurance of safe production of.sugarcane.
文摘In order to control the spawning quality and improve the economic benefit of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, the indoor temperature and light control methods were employed for artificial maturation, spawning and hatching of A. japonicus, and the larval survival rate, disease incidence rate and economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed that compared with those of conventional temperature-reared larvae, the survival rate of raised temperature-reared larvae was increased by 15.8%, the disease incidence rate was reduced by 10.2%, and the economic benefit was improved by 21.6%. These results will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the artificial breeding of A. japonicus.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50778048)(60803096)the Natural Science Foundation of Hei-longjiang Province(E200812)China Postdoctoral ScienceFoundation Funded Project(20070420882)~~
文摘A chironomid larvae images recognition method based on wavelet energy feature and improved KNN is developed. Wavelet decomposition and color information entropy are selected to construct vectors for KNN that is used to classify of the images. The distance function is modified according to the weight determined by the correlation degree between feature and class, which effectively improves classification accuracy. The result shows the mean accuracy of classification rate is up to 95.41% for freshwater plankton images, such as chironomid larvae, cyclops and harpacticoida.
基金This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970620)the"TRAPOYT"
文摘Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.
