Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)mo...Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)model to represent allowable variations of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes.The NOZ is a geometric space containing all safe operating points of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes,so that it is an effective model for process monitoring.The novelty of the proposed method is to establish the NOZ model based on boundary points.The boundary points make it possible to capture the actual geometric space irrespective of the space shape.In contrast,existing methods represent the NOZ of processes by fixed mathematical models such as ellipsoidal and convex-hull models;they are not suitable for the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes whose NOZs cannot be exactly defined by fixed mathematical structures.Simulated case studies based on Aspen Hysys software are given to illustrate the proposed method.展开更多
Today, automated robot welding of components with low tolerances in series production is state-of-the-art. But turning to small batch production particularly of parts with high tolerances, engineering and construction...Today, automated robot welding of components with low tolerances in series production is state-of-the-art. But turning to small batch production particularly of parts with high tolerances, engineering and construction of automated solutions is just at the beginning of providing economic efficiency. While weld seam tracking is well established for the described problem, geometric recognition of weldments is not yet solved satisfactorily. This paper will present an optimisation approach of a laser sensor guided and programmed robot welding system which was developed within the project ROPROF at the TU Dortmund. With this development, a working prototype of a robot weld system was built by a steel construction company as well as additional demonstration software showing the potential and transferability of adjusted geometric location of weldments for industrial applications.展开更多
The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the ...The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.展开更多
目的基于颈椎CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)和MRI测量颈椎钩椎关节“拐点”解剖学参数,为颈椎前路减压手术提供安全、有效的定位标志。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2024年1月符合选择标准的正常成人颈椎CTA和MRI影像学资料。其中颈椎CT...目的基于颈椎CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)和MRI测量颈椎钩椎关节“拐点”解剖学参数,为颈椎前路减压手术提供安全、有效的定位标志。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2024年1月符合选择标准的正常成人颈椎CTA和MRI影像学资料。其中颈椎CTA数据326例,男200例,女126例;年龄22~55岁,平均46.7岁。MRI数据300例,男200例,女100例;年龄18~55岁,平均43.7岁。基于CTA数据构建C_(3)~C_(7)三维模型,上面观测量左、右侧钩椎关节“拐点”至椎动脉内侧壁距离(uncinate process“inflection point”to vertebral artery distance,UIVD)、钩突顶点至椎动脉内侧壁距离(uncinate process tip to vertebral artery distance,UTVD),双侧钩椎关节“拐点”间距(uncinate process“inflection point”to“inflection point”distance,UID),以及左、右侧钩椎关节长轴与矢状面夹角(uncinate process long-axis to sagittal angle,ULSA)、经钩椎关节“拐点”横突孔后内侧壁切线与矢状面夹角(uncinate process“inflection point”to transverse foramen-sagittal angle,UITSA);前面观测量左、右侧椎体前方钩椎关节与矢状面夹角(anterior uncinate process to sagittal angle,AUSA);后面观测量左、右侧椎体后方钩椎关节与矢状面夹角(posterior uncinate process to sagittal angle,PUSA)。基于MRI测量左、右侧钩椎关节“拐点”至同侧硬膜囊外侧缘距离(uncinate process“inflection point”to dural sac distance,UIDD)以及硬膜囊宽度(dural sac width,DSW)。观察C_(3)~C_(7)测量参数变化趋势,比较不同性别和同节段左、右侧间测量参数差异,以及同节段UID、DSW差异。结果CTA各测量参数从C_(3)~C_(7)节段均呈总体逐渐增大趋势,同节段左、右侧差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性同节段UIVD、UTVD、UID均大于女性,其中C_(3)、C_(6)节段UIVD、UTVD以及C_(3)、C_(6)、C_(7)节段UID差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI测量的DSW从C_(3)~C_(7)节段总体呈逐渐增大趋势,且女性C_(6)节段DSW大于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。UIDD则呈总体逐渐减小趋势,但C_(6)节段最小。同节段不同性别间以及左、右侧差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C_(3)~C_(7)节段UID均大于DSW,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论钩椎关节“拐点”是颈椎前方一个恒定解剖结构,位于钩突顶点前内侧、硬膜囊外侧,与椎动脉之间有一定安全距离,将其作为颈椎前路减压手术的减压定位标志,既可以保障手术安全,又可以保证减压彻底。展开更多
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273215)。
文摘Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)model to represent allowable variations of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes.The NOZ is a geometric space containing all safe operating points of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes,so that it is an effective model for process monitoring.The novelty of the proposed method is to establish the NOZ model based on boundary points.The boundary points make it possible to capture the actual geometric space irrespective of the space shape.In contrast,existing methods represent the NOZ of processes by fixed mathematical models such as ellipsoidal and convex-hull models;they are not suitable for the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes whose NOZs cannot be exactly defined by fixed mathematical structures.Simulated case studies based on Aspen Hysys software are given to illustrate the proposed method.
文摘Today, automated robot welding of components with low tolerances in series production is state-of-the-art. But turning to small batch production particularly of parts with high tolerances, engineering and construction of automated solutions is just at the beginning of providing economic efficiency. While weld seam tracking is well established for the described problem, geometric recognition of weldments is not yet solved satisfactorily. This paper will present an optimisation approach of a laser sensor guided and programmed robot welding system which was developed within the project ROPROF at the TU Dortmund. With this development, a working prototype of a robot weld system was built by a steel construction company as well as additional demonstration software showing the potential and transferability of adjusted geometric location of weldments for industrial applications.
文摘The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.
文摘目的基于颈椎CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)和MRI测量颈椎钩椎关节“拐点”解剖学参数,为颈椎前路减压手术提供安全、有效的定位标志。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2024年1月符合选择标准的正常成人颈椎CTA和MRI影像学资料。其中颈椎CTA数据326例,男200例,女126例;年龄22~55岁,平均46.7岁。MRI数据300例,男200例,女100例;年龄18~55岁,平均43.7岁。基于CTA数据构建C_(3)~C_(7)三维模型,上面观测量左、右侧钩椎关节“拐点”至椎动脉内侧壁距离(uncinate process“inflection point”to vertebral artery distance,UIVD)、钩突顶点至椎动脉内侧壁距离(uncinate process tip to vertebral artery distance,UTVD),双侧钩椎关节“拐点”间距(uncinate process“inflection point”to“inflection point”distance,UID),以及左、右侧钩椎关节长轴与矢状面夹角(uncinate process long-axis to sagittal angle,ULSA)、经钩椎关节“拐点”横突孔后内侧壁切线与矢状面夹角(uncinate process“inflection point”to transverse foramen-sagittal angle,UITSA);前面观测量左、右侧椎体前方钩椎关节与矢状面夹角(anterior uncinate process to sagittal angle,AUSA);后面观测量左、右侧椎体后方钩椎关节与矢状面夹角(posterior uncinate process to sagittal angle,PUSA)。基于MRI测量左、右侧钩椎关节“拐点”至同侧硬膜囊外侧缘距离(uncinate process“inflection point”to dural sac distance,UIDD)以及硬膜囊宽度(dural sac width,DSW)。观察C_(3)~C_(7)测量参数变化趋势,比较不同性别和同节段左、右侧间测量参数差异,以及同节段UID、DSW差异。结果CTA各测量参数从C_(3)~C_(7)节段均呈总体逐渐增大趋势,同节段左、右侧差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性同节段UIVD、UTVD、UID均大于女性,其中C_(3)、C_(6)节段UIVD、UTVD以及C_(3)、C_(6)、C_(7)节段UID差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI测量的DSW从C_(3)~C_(7)节段总体呈逐渐增大趋势,且女性C_(6)节段DSW大于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。UIDD则呈总体逐渐减小趋势,但C_(6)节段最小。同节段不同性别间以及左、右侧差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C_(3)~C_(7)节段UID均大于DSW,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论钩椎关节“拐点”是颈椎前方一个恒定解剖结构,位于钩突顶点前内侧、硬膜囊外侧,与椎动脉之间有一定安全距离,将其作为颈椎前路减压手术的减压定位标志,既可以保障手术安全,又可以保证减压彻底。
