Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities ofte...Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities often result in the deprioritization of standardized management practices,as they do not yield immediate benefits.The implementation of such systems typically encompasses the integrated phases of "development,construction,utiliz ation,and operation and maintenance".To enhance the overall delivery quality of these systems,it is imperative to dismantle the management barriers among these phases and adopt a holistic approach to standardized management.This paper takes a specific system project as a research object to identify common challenges,and proposes improvement strategies in the implementation of standar dized management.Empirical results indicate a substantial reduction in the system s full-lifecycle costs.展开更多
Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to t...Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to the north of the YRB.This study,however,found that approximately 46%of heavy rainfall events in the YRB occur when only one factor appears and the other is opposite signed.Accordingly,these heavy rainfall events can be categorized into two types:the extratropical northeasterly anomalies but tropical cyclonic anomaly(first unconventional type),and the tropical anticyclonic anomaly but extratropical southwesterly anomalies(second unconventional type).Anomalous water vapor convergence and upward motion exists for both types,but through different mechanisms.For the first type,the moisture convergence and upward motion are induced by a cyclonic anomaly over the YRB,which appears in the mid and lower troposphere and originates from the upstream region.For the second type,a mid-tropospheric cyclonic anomaly over Lake Baikal extends southward and results in southwesterly anomalies over the YRB,in conjunction with the tropical anticyclonic anomaly.The southwesterly anomalies transport water vapor to the YRB and lead to upward motion through warm advection.This study emphasizes the role of mid-tropospheric circulations in inducing heavy rainfall in the YRB.展开更多
Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and...Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.展开更多
This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the ...This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the design process,we transform the studied system into the form of a fully actuated system through a state transformation.Then,to address the unknown nonlinear functions and actuator fault parameters,we employ neural networks and adaptive estimation techniques,respectively.Moreover,to reduce the control cost and improve the control efficiency,we introduce event-triggered inputs into the control strategy.It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the output of system eventually converge to a bounded region.The efficacy of the control approach is ultimately demonstrated via the simulation of an actual machine feeding system.展开更多
China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing ...China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing arts sector,as the industry evolved from a traditional entertainment field into a comprehensive engine of cultural consumption.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesi...Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
Large-scale poverty alleviation is one of the three major strategic actions of Guizhou Province to plan for leapfrog development.Through building an econometric model,this paper made an empirical analysis of relations...Large-scale poverty alleviation is one of the three major strategic actions of Guizhou Province to plan for leapfrog development.Through building an econometric model,this paper made an empirical analysis of relationship between farmers'income structure and consumption in Guizhou Province in the context of large-scale poverty alleviation.The results show that the wage income and transfer income of rural residents in Guizhou Province have a significant impact on the promotion of their consumption,and the impact of income from household business operation is also significant,but the impact is relatively weak,while the contribution of farmers'property income to their consumption is insufficient.Finally,in view of the problems in the relationship between the income structure and consumption of farmers in Guizhou Province,it came up with policy recommendations including broadening the income channels,increasing farmers'income,improving the income structure,and promoting farmers'consumption.展开更多
1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Int...1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)—consistently predict the widespread implementation of CO_(2)geological storage on a global scale.展开更多
The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,...The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,in combination with numerical simulation,was conducted to investigate the influence of ground fissures on a metro shield tunnel.The results indicate that the lining contact pressure at the vault increases in the hanging wall while decreases in the footwall,resulting in a two-dimensional stress state of vertical shear and axial tension-compression,and simultaneous vertical dislocation and axial tilt for the segments around the ground fissure.In addition,the damage to curved bolts includes tensile yield,flexural yield,and shear twist,leading to obvious concrete lining damage,particularly at the vault,arch bottom,and hance,indicating that the joints in these positions are weak areas.The shield tunnel orthogonal to the ground fissure ultimately experiences shear failure,suggesting that the maximum actual dislocation of ground fissure that the structure can withstand is approximately 20 cm,and five segment rings in the hanging wall and six segment rings in the footwall also need to be reinforced.This study could provide a reference for metro design in ground fissure sites.展开更多
Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with ...Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with a low dielectric constant,can provide free protons to the rich phase of the absorbent,thereby facilitating CO_(2)regeneration.In this investigation,N-aminoethylpiperazine(AEP)/sulfolane/H_(2)O was employed as the liquid-liquid phase change absorbent,with alcohol serving as the regulator.First,appropriate ion pair models were constructed to simulate the solvent effect of the CO_(2)products in different alcohol solutions.The results demonstrated that these ion pair products reached the maximum solvation-free energy(△E_(solvation))in the rich phase containing ethanol(EtOH).Desorption experiment results validated that the inclusion of EtOH led to a maximum regeneration rate of 0.00763 mol/min,thus confirming EtOH’s suitability as the preferred regulator.Quantum chemical calculations and^(13)C NMR characterization were performed,revealing that the addition of EtOH resulted in the partial conversion of AEP-carbamate(AEPCOO−)into a new product known as ethyl carbonate(C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−),which enhanced the regeneration reactivity.In addition,the decomposition paths of different CO_(2)products were simulated visually,and every reaction’s activation energy(△E_(act))was calculated.Remarkably,the△E_(act)for the decomposition of C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−(9.465 kJ/mol)was lower than that of the AEPCOO−(26.163 kJ/mol),implying that CO_(2)was more likely to be released.Finally,the regeneration energy consumption of the alcohol-regulated absorbentwas estimated to be only 1.92 GJ/ton CO_(2),which had excellent energy-saving potential.展开更多
The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides ide...The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.展开更多
The rise of antimicrobial resistance,particularly in healthcare-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens,poses a critical global challenge.The extensive use of carbapenems has exace...The rise of antimicrobial resistance,particularly in healthcare-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens,poses a critical global challenge.The extensive use of carbapenems has exacerbated this issue by increasing selective pressure within bacterial populations.This study aimed to investigate the association between carbapenem consumption and resistance rates in four priority Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli(EC),Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP),Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA).Retrospective data were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,covering the period from January 2010 to December 2022.Trends in carbapenem consumption and resistance were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test to assess statistical significance and the Sen’s slope(SS)estimator to determine the magnitude of change.Correlations between carbapenem use and bacterial resistance rates were evaluated via Spearman correlation analysis.Over the study period,the consumption of meropenem,imipenem,biapenem,and total carbapenems exhibited a significant upward trend(|Z|>1.96,SS>0).Correspondingly,the resistance rates of EC and KP to meropenem and imipenem also increased significantly(|Z|>1.96,SS>0).A strong positive correlation was observed between the resistance rate of EC to meropenem and the defined daily doses(DDDs)of meropenem(r=0.732,P<0.05)and between EC resistance to imipenem and its DDDs(r=0.49,P<0.05).Similar significant correlations were identified for KP.However,no significant associations were found between carbapenem resistance in AB or PA and carbapenem consumption.These findings underscored the strong correlation between carbapenem use and the resistance rates of EC and KP,highlighting the urgent need for stringent control and stewardship of carbapenem use in clinical settings to mitigate or delay the development of bacterial drug resistance.展开更多
Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and ...Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.展开更多
The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the...The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the forging process.Using the previously optimized shape and initial position of preform,the influence of the friction condition(friction factor m=0.1–0.3)on material flow and cavity filling was studied by numerical method with a shear friction model.A novel filling index was defined to reflect material flow into left and right flashes and zoom in on friction-induced results.The results indicate that the workpiece moves rigidly to the right direction,with the displacement decreasing as m increases.When m<0.18,the underfilling defect will occur in the left side of strut forging,while overflow occurs in the right forging die cavity.By combining the filling index and analyses of material flow and filling status,a reasonable friction factor interval of m=0.21–0.24 can be determined.Within this interval,the cavity filling behavior demonstrates robustness,with friction fluctuations exerting minimal influence.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospital...Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.展开更多
In Ivory Coast, arterial hypertension is 20.4% prevalent, with a high mortality rate. However, proper use of antihypertensive drugs can reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The aim ...In Ivory Coast, arterial hypertension is 20.4% prevalent, with a high mortality rate. However, proper use of antihypertensive drugs can reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antihypertensive drugs in an urban population in Abidjan. To this end, a retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from the consumption histories of several pharmacies in the Abobo commune of Abidjan between March and August 2020. Drugs available in pharmacies and containing one or more active ingredients in the ATC classification of antihypertensives were included. A total of 1082 sales of antihypertensives were recorded, with 53% of medicines containing a single molecule and 46% containing combinations of two molecules. Antihypertensives containing one active compound showed a high proportion of diuretics (28.7%), followed by calcium antagonists (20.35%) and beta-blockers (19.13%). The combination of ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists was sold at 34.71%, with the combination of calcium antagonists/ACE inhibitors + diuretics (45.46%) in the two and three-molecule classes respectively. All in all, the study showed the patients were satisfied with the use of antihypertensives, with furosemide and the amlodipine/perindopril combination at the top of the list.展开更多
Bathed in the golden light of September,Beijing’s Shougang Park hosted the 2025 China International Fair for Trade in Services(CIFTIS).At the heart of the event,a dynamic spirit of renewal was evident,as emerging pat...Bathed in the golden light of September,Beijing’s Shougang Park hosted the 2025 China International Fair for Trade in Services(CIFTIS).At the heart of the event,a dynamic spirit of renewal was evident,as emerging patterns in cultural,tourism,and sports consumption unfolded throughout the fair.From the creative integration of the centuries-old Peking Opera with innovative business models,to immersive sports experiences and the rollout of streamlined tax refund procedures for international visitors,the fair showcased a nuanced yet significant shift in consumption practices.展开更多
In modern society,influenced by mass culture and internal alienation,people experience alienation in the consumption field.The impulsive and excessive consumption of consumers not only reflects the changes in consumpt...In modern society,influenced by mass culture and internal alienation,people experience alienation in the consumption field.The impulsive and excessive consumption of consumers not only reflects the changes in consumption culture but is also the result of the combined action of market,technological,and psychological factors.The shopping spree in the context of e-commerce festival creation is due to the hard control of science and technology and the soft penetration of mass culture,which fully invade individuals’work and life,evoke false and excessive demands,and thus generate consumption.The practical path to get rid of consumption alienation and return to rational consumption can start from three aspects:aesthetic awakening,concept guidance,and environmental regulation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
文摘Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities often result in the deprioritization of standardized management practices,as they do not yield immediate benefits.The implementation of such systems typically encompasses the integrated phases of "development,construction,utiliz ation,and operation and maintenance".To enhance the overall delivery quality of these systems,it is imperative to dismantle the management barriers among these phases and adopt a holistic approach to standardized management.This paper takes a specific system project as a research object to identify common challenges,and proposes improvement strategies in the implementation of standar dized management.Empirical results indicate a substantial reduction in the system s full-lifecycle costs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275041)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.SOLZSKY2025006).
文摘Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to the north of the YRB.This study,however,found that approximately 46%of heavy rainfall events in the YRB occur when only one factor appears and the other is opposite signed.Accordingly,these heavy rainfall events can be categorized into two types:the extratropical northeasterly anomalies but tropical cyclonic anomaly(first unconventional type),and the tropical anticyclonic anomaly but extratropical southwesterly anomalies(second unconventional type).Anomalous water vapor convergence and upward motion exists for both types,but through different mechanisms.For the first type,the moisture convergence and upward motion are induced by a cyclonic anomaly over the YRB,which appears in the mid and lower troposphere and originates from the upstream region.For the second type,a mid-tropospheric cyclonic anomaly over Lake Baikal extends southward and results in southwesterly anomalies over the YRB,in conjunction with the tropical anticyclonic anomaly.The southwesterly anomalies transport water vapor to the YRB and lead to upward motion through warm advection.This study emphasizes the role of mid-tropospheric circulations in inducing heavy rainfall in the YRB.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242149)Research Project on High Quality Development of Hospital Pharmacy,National Institute of Hospital Administration,NHC,China(NIHAYS2332)+1 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-199)Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH)(2024-1-4052).
文摘Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.
基金supported by the Science Center Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62188101the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62573265.
文摘This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the design process,we transform the studied system into the form of a fully actuated system through a state transformation.Then,to address the unknown nonlinear functions and actuator fault parameters,we employ neural networks and adaptive estimation techniques,respectively.Moreover,to reduce the control cost and improve the control efficiency,we introduce event-triggered inputs into the control strategy.It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the output of system eventually converge to a bounded region.The efficacy of the control approach is ultimately demonstrated via the simulation of an actual machine feeding system.
文摘China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing arts sector,as the industry evolved from a traditional entertainment field into a comprehensive engine of cultural consumption.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health‐Plan Nacional sobre Drogas(2023‐I024)the the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities/State ResearchAgency/10.13039/501100011033(PID2023-146865OB-I00)+2 种基金Generalitat Valenciana(CIAICO/2021/203)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)FEDER Funds,GVA.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金Project of National Social Science Foundation(19BJL081)Humanity and Social Science Project of Colleges and Universities of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(2018gh04).
文摘Large-scale poverty alleviation is one of the three major strategic actions of Guizhou Province to plan for leapfrog development.Through building an econometric model,this paper made an empirical analysis of relationship between farmers'income structure and consumption in Guizhou Province in the context of large-scale poverty alleviation.The results show that the wage income and transfer income of rural residents in Guizhou Province have a significant impact on the promotion of their consumption,and the impact of income from household business operation is also significant,but the impact is relatively weak,while the contribution of farmers'property income to their consumption is insufficient.Finally,in view of the problems in the relationship between the income structure and consumption of farmers in Guizhou Province,it came up with policy recommendations including broadening the income channels,increasing farmers'income,improving the income structure,and promoting farmers'consumption.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700)。
文摘1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)—consistently predict the widespread implementation of CO_(2)geological storage on a global scale.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3008404)the Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster,Ministry of Natural Resources,China(Grant Nos.EFGD20240609 and EFGD20240610).
文摘The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,in combination with numerical simulation,was conducted to investigate the influence of ground fissures on a metro shield tunnel.The results indicate that the lining contact pressure at the vault increases in the hanging wall while decreases in the footwall,resulting in a two-dimensional stress state of vertical shear and axial tension-compression,and simultaneous vertical dislocation and axial tilt for the segments around the ground fissure.In addition,the damage to curved bolts includes tensile yield,flexural yield,and shear twist,leading to obvious concrete lining damage,particularly at the vault,arch bottom,and hance,indicating that the joints in these positions are weak areas.The shield tunnel orthogonal to the ground fissure ultimately experiences shear failure,suggesting that the maximum actual dislocation of ground fissure that the structure can withstand is approximately 20 cm,and five segment rings in the hanging wall and six segment rings in the footwall also need to be reinforced.This study could provide a reference for metro design in ground fissure sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278168 and 22276064)the MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization(No.KLRE-KF202205)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian province(No.2022Y3007).
文摘Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with a low dielectric constant,can provide free protons to the rich phase of the absorbent,thereby facilitating CO_(2)regeneration.In this investigation,N-aminoethylpiperazine(AEP)/sulfolane/H_(2)O was employed as the liquid-liquid phase change absorbent,with alcohol serving as the regulator.First,appropriate ion pair models were constructed to simulate the solvent effect of the CO_(2)products in different alcohol solutions.The results demonstrated that these ion pair products reached the maximum solvation-free energy(△E_(solvation))in the rich phase containing ethanol(EtOH).Desorption experiment results validated that the inclusion of EtOH led to a maximum regeneration rate of 0.00763 mol/min,thus confirming EtOH’s suitability as the preferred regulator.Quantum chemical calculations and^(13)C NMR characterization were performed,revealing that the addition of EtOH resulted in the partial conversion of AEP-carbamate(AEPCOO−)into a new product known as ethyl carbonate(C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−),which enhanced the regeneration reactivity.In addition,the decomposition paths of different CO_(2)products were simulated visually,and every reaction’s activation energy(△E_(act))was calculated.Remarkably,the△E_(act)for the decomposition of C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−(9.465 kJ/mol)was lower than that of the AEPCOO−(26.163 kJ/mol),implying that CO_(2)was more likely to be released.Finally,the regeneration energy consumption of the alcohol-regulated absorbentwas estimated to be only 1.92 GJ/ton CO_(2),which had excellent energy-saving potential.
文摘The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.
基金The Henan Key Research and Development and Promotion Project(Grant No.232102310245)the Joint Construction Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province(Grant No.LHGJ20220426).
文摘The rise of antimicrobial resistance,particularly in healthcare-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens,poses a critical global challenge.The extensive use of carbapenems has exacerbated this issue by increasing selective pressure within bacterial populations.This study aimed to investigate the association between carbapenem consumption and resistance rates in four priority Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli(EC),Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP),Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA).Retrospective data were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,covering the period from January 2010 to December 2022.Trends in carbapenem consumption and resistance were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test to assess statistical significance and the Sen’s slope(SS)estimator to determine the magnitude of change.Correlations between carbapenem use and bacterial resistance rates were evaluated via Spearman correlation analysis.Over the study period,the consumption of meropenem,imipenem,biapenem,and total carbapenems exhibited a significant upward trend(|Z|>1.96,SS>0).Correspondingly,the resistance rates of EC and KP to meropenem and imipenem also increased significantly(|Z|>1.96,SS>0).A strong positive correlation was observed between the resistance rate of EC to meropenem and the defined daily doses(DDDs)of meropenem(r=0.732,P<0.05)and between EC resistance to imipenem and its DDDs(r=0.49,P<0.05).Similar significant correlations were identified for KP.However,no significant associations were found between carbapenem resistance in AB or PA and carbapenem consumption.These findings underscored the strong correlation between carbapenem use and the resistance rates of EC and KP,highlighting the urgent need for stringent control and stewardship of carbapenem use in clinical settings to mitigate or delay the development of bacterial drug resistance.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0114000)Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2024DJ8702).
文摘Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375378)National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment(S2308100.W12)Huxiang High-Level Talent Gathering Project of Hunan Province(2021RC5001)。
文摘The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the forging process.Using the previously optimized shape and initial position of preform,the influence of the friction condition(friction factor m=0.1–0.3)on material flow and cavity filling was studied by numerical method with a shear friction model.A novel filling index was defined to reflect material flow into left and right flashes and zoom in on friction-induced results.The results indicate that the workpiece moves rigidly to the right direction,with the displacement decreasing as m increases.When m<0.18,the underfilling defect will occur in the left side of strut forging,while overflow occurs in the right forging die cavity.By combining the filling index and analyses of material flow and filling status,a reasonable friction factor interval of m=0.21–0.24 can be determined.Within this interval,the cavity filling behavior demonstrates robustness,with friction fluctuations exerting minimal influence.
文摘Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.
文摘In Ivory Coast, arterial hypertension is 20.4% prevalent, with a high mortality rate. However, proper use of antihypertensive drugs can reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antihypertensive drugs in an urban population in Abidjan. To this end, a retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from the consumption histories of several pharmacies in the Abobo commune of Abidjan between March and August 2020. Drugs available in pharmacies and containing one or more active ingredients in the ATC classification of antihypertensives were included. A total of 1082 sales of antihypertensives were recorded, with 53% of medicines containing a single molecule and 46% containing combinations of two molecules. Antihypertensives containing one active compound showed a high proportion of diuretics (28.7%), followed by calcium antagonists (20.35%) and beta-blockers (19.13%). The combination of ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists was sold at 34.71%, with the combination of calcium antagonists/ACE inhibitors + diuretics (45.46%) in the two and three-molecule classes respectively. All in all, the study showed the patients were satisfied with the use of antihypertensives, with furosemide and the amlodipine/perindopril combination at the top of the list.
文摘Bathed in the golden light of September,Beijing’s Shougang Park hosted the 2025 China International Fair for Trade in Services(CIFTIS).At the heart of the event,a dynamic spirit of renewal was evident,as emerging patterns in cultural,tourism,and sports consumption unfolded throughout the fair.From the creative integration of the centuries-old Peking Opera with innovative business models,to immersive sports experiences and the rollout of streamlined tax refund procedures for international visitors,the fair showcased a nuanced yet significant shift in consumption practices.
基金“Construction and Practice of the Collaborative Education Model for the‘Ideological and Political Education+Archaeology’Experimental Class”(Project No.2023XYB039)。
文摘In modern society,influenced by mass culture and internal alienation,people experience alienation in the consumption field.The impulsive and excessive consumption of consumers not only reflects the changes in consumption culture but is also the result of the combined action of market,technological,and psychological factors.The shopping spree in the context of e-commerce festival creation is due to the hard control of science and technology and the soft penetration of mass culture,which fully invade individuals’work and life,evoke false and excessive demands,and thus generate consumption.The practical path to get rid of consumption alienation and return to rational consumption can start from three aspects:aesthetic awakening,concept guidance,and environmental regulation.
