Density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise(DBSCAN) is a classic kind of density-based spatial clustering algorithm and is widely applied in several aspects due to good perfo...Density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise(DBSCAN) is a classic kind of density-based spatial clustering algorithm and is widely applied in several aspects due to good performance in capturing arbitrary shapes and detecting outliers. However, in practice, datasets are always too massive to fit the serial DBSCAN. And a new parallel algorithm-Parallel DBSCAN(PDBSCAN) was proposed to solve the problem which DBSCAN faced. The proposed parallel algorithm bases on MapReduce mechanism. The usage of parallel mechanism in the algorithm focuses on region query and candidate queue processing which needed substantive computation resources. As a result, PDBSCAN is scalable for large-scale dataset clustering and is extremely suitable for applications in E-Commence, especially for recommendation.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications i...Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.展开更多
Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,an...Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.展开更多
The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This rev...The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.展开更多
Expensive multiobjective optimization problems(EMOPs)are complex optimization problems exacted from realworld applications,where each objective function evaluation(FE)involves expensive computations or physical experi...Expensive multiobjective optimization problems(EMOPs)are complex optimization problems exacted from realworld applications,where each objective function evaluation(FE)involves expensive computations or physical experiments.Many surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms(SAEAs)have been designed to solve EMOPs.Nevertheless,EMOPs with large-scale decision variables remain challenging for existing SAEAs,leading to difficulties in maintaining convergence and diversity.To address this deficiency,we proposed a variable reconstructionbased SAEA(VREA)to balance convergence enhancement and diversity maintenance.Generally,a cluster-based variable reconstruction strategy reconstructs the original large-scale decision variables into low-dimensional weight variables.Thus,the population can be rapidly pushed towards the Pareto set(PS)by optimizing low-dimensional weight variables with the assistance of surrogate models.Population diversity is improved due to the cluster-based variable reconstruction strategy.An adaptive search step size strategy is proposed to balance exploration and exploitation further.Experimental comparisons with four state-of-the-art SAEAs are conducted on benchmark EMOPs with up to 1000 decision variables and an aerodynamic design task.Experimental results demonstrate that VREA obtains well-converged and diverse solutions with limited real FEs.展开更多
Improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the performance of wind farms in large wind power bases located in complex terrain under the actual atmosphere is crucial to the sustainable development of wind power.To thi...Improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the performance of wind farms in large wind power bases located in complex terrain under the actual atmosphere is crucial to the sustainable development of wind power.To this end,this study combined the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with the Wind Farm Parameterization(WFP)method to investigate the wake characteristics and operational performance of large onshore wind farms in the complex terrain of Jiuquan City,Gansu Province,China.The research results showed that after verification,the systematic error of the WRF simulations was less than 3%.The WRF model and the WFP scheme simulated a significant warming phenomenon within the wind power base area,while a cooling effect was observed outside.The analysis of the wake effects indicated that the impact of PhaseⅠconstruction on PhaseⅡconstruction of the wind power base was minimal.During the operation of the entire wind power base,the wind speed within the wind farm decreased by approximately 10%,and the influence range of the predominant wind direction extended over a hundred kilometers downwind.The research conclusions provide a powerful scientific basis for optimizing design and operation,improving efficiency,minimizing the negative impacts on adjacent wind turbines,and ensuring the sustainable development of wind energy through dynamic planning and scientific assessment.展开更多
Extremely large-scale array(XL-array)communications can significantly improve the transmission rate,spectral efficiency,and spatial resolution,and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks.A...Extremely large-scale array(XL-array)communications can significantly improve the transmission rate,spectral efficiency,and spatial resolution,and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks.A crucial problem in XLarray communications is to determine the boundary of applicable regions of the plane wave model(PWM)and spherical wave model(SWM).In this paper,we propose new PWM/SWM demarcations for XL-arrays from the viewpoint of channel gain and rank.Four sets of results are derived for four different array setups.First,an equi-power line is derived for a point-touniform linear array(ULA)scenario,where an inflection point is found at±π6 central incident angles.Second,an equi-power surface is derived for a point-touniform planar array(UPA)scenario,and it is proved that cos2(ϕ)cos2(φ)=12 is a dividing curve,where ϕ andφdenote the elevation and azimuth angles,respectively.Third,an accurate and explicit expression of the equi-rank surface is obtained for a ULA-to-ULA scenario.Finally,an approximated expression of the equirank surface is obtained for a ULA-to-UPA scenario.With the obtained closed-form expressions,the equirank surface for any antenna structure and any angle can be well estimated.Furthermore,the effect of scatterers is also investigated,from which some insights are drawn.展开更多
A water loop variable refrigerant flow（WLVRF）air-conditioning system is designed to be applied in large-scale buildings in northern China.The system is energy saving and it is an integrated system consisting of a va...A water loop variable refrigerant flow（WLVRF）air-conditioning system is designed to be applied in large-scale buildings in northern China.The system is energy saving and it is an integrated system consisting of a variable refrigerant flow（VRF）air-conditioning unit,a water loop and an air source heat pump.The water loop transports energy among different regions in the buildings instead of refrigerant pipes,decreasing the scale of the VRF air-conditioning unit and improving the performance.Previous models for refrigerants and building loads are cited in this investigation.Mathematical models of major equipment and other elements of the system are established using the lumped parameter method based on the DATAFIT software and the MATLAB software.The performance of the WLVRF system is simulated.The initial investments and the running costs are calculated based on the results of market research.Finally,a contrast is carried out between the WLVRF system and the traditional VRF system.The results show that the WLVRF system has a better working condition and lower running costs than the traditional VRF system.展开更多
According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and...According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and alalyzes specifically the three-tank the control systems and models.the process was imitated in computer, and the optimal shooting element of 3TS system was got. In addition, probability of hitting the target was calculated.展开更多
The key activity to build semantic web is to build ontologies. But today, the theory and methodology of ontology construction is still far from ready. This paper proposed a theoretical framework for massive knowledge ...The key activity to build semantic web is to build ontologies. But today, the theory and methodology of ontology construction is still far from ready. This paper proposed a theoretical framework for massive knowledge management- the knowledge domain framework （KDF）, and introduces an integrated development environment （IDE） named large-scale ontology development environment （LODE）, which implements the proposed theoretical framework. We also compared LODE with other popular ontology development environments in this paper. The practice of using LODE on management and development of agriculture ontologies shows that knowledge domain framework can handle the development activities of large scale ontologies. Application studies based on the described briefly. principle of knowledge domain framework and LODE was展开更多
1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Int...1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)—consistently predict the widespread implementation of CO_(2)geological storage on a global scale.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as fre...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.展开更多
The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,...The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,in combination with numerical simulation,was conducted to investigate the influence of ground fissures on a metro shield tunnel.The results indicate that the lining contact pressure at the vault increases in the hanging wall while decreases in the footwall,resulting in a two-dimensional stress state of vertical shear and axial tension-compression,and simultaneous vertical dislocation and axial tilt for the segments around the ground fissure.In addition,the damage to curved bolts includes tensile yield,flexural yield,and shear twist,leading to obvious concrete lining damage,particularly at the vault,arch bottom,and hance,indicating that the joints in these positions are weak areas.The shield tunnel orthogonal to the ground fissure ultimately experiences shear failure,suggesting that the maximum actual dislocation of ground fissure that the structure can withstand is approximately 20 cm,and five segment rings in the hanging wall and six segment rings in the footwall also need to be reinforced.This study could provide a reference for metro design in ground fissure sites.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based ...Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.展开更多
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,whic...Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,which is characterized by less adverse reaction and convenient operation.It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases.This review introduces six major clinical applications of TEAS,named analgesia,regulation of gastrointestinal function,improvement of reproductive function,enhancement of cognitive function,promotion of limb function recovery and relief of fatigue.Besides,TEAS has been ap-plied to the treatment of other chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes,achieving satisfactory clinical effects.However,two crucial challenges are encountered in the development of TEAS.One is the lack of standardization in the selection of parameters such as waveform,frequency,intensity and stimula-tion duration.The other is the limitation on the flexibility in the acupoint selection.This review analyzes key issues that need to be addressed in the current clinical application of TEAS,such as the selection of parameters and acupoints,and this review provides a certain reference value for optimizing regimens of TEAS and promoting its development and application.展开更多
In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configurat...In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China( No. 61070101,No. 60875029,No. 61175048)
文摘Density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise(DBSCAN) is a classic kind of density-based spatial clustering algorithm and is widely applied in several aspects due to good performance in capturing arbitrary shapes and detecting outliers. However, in practice, datasets are always too massive to fit the serial DBSCAN. And a new parallel algorithm-Parallel DBSCAN(PDBSCAN) was proposed to solve the problem which DBSCAN faced. The proposed parallel algorithm bases on MapReduce mechanism. The usage of parallel mechanism in the algorithm focuses on region query and candidate queue processing which needed substantive computation resources. As a result, PDBSCAN is scalable for large-scale dataset clustering and is extremely suitable for applications in E-Commence, especially for recommendation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
文摘Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.
文摘The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20306,62276191)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST2023JYCXJJ011).
文摘Expensive multiobjective optimization problems(EMOPs)are complex optimization problems exacted from realworld applications,where each objective function evaluation(FE)involves expensive computations or physical experiments.Many surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms(SAEAs)have been designed to solve EMOPs.Nevertheless,EMOPs with large-scale decision variables remain challenging for existing SAEAs,leading to difficulties in maintaining convergence and diversity.To address this deficiency,we proposed a variable reconstructionbased SAEA(VREA)to balance convergence enhancement and diversity maintenance.Generally,a cluster-based variable reconstruction strategy reconstructs the original large-scale decision variables into low-dimensional weight variables.Thus,the population can be rapidly pushed towards the Pareto set(PS)by optimizing low-dimensional weight variables with the assistance of surrogate models.Population diversity is improved due to the cluster-based variable reconstruction strategy.An adaptive search step size strategy is proposed to balance exploration and exploitation further.Experimental comparisons with four state-of-the-art SAEAs are conducted on benchmark EMOPs with up to 1000 decision variables and an aerodynamic design task.Experimental results demonstrate that VREA obtains well-converged and diverse solutions with limited real FEs.
基金funded by“The Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Wind Resource Assessment and Comprehensive Post-Evaluation Techniques for Operating Wind Power Projects,”grant number YJ24.002“The Research and Application of Future Medium to Long Term Wind Resource Assessment for Wind Farms Based on Artificial Intelligence Project,”grant number 2023021。
文摘Improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the performance of wind farms in large wind power bases located in complex terrain under the actual atmosphere is crucial to the sustainable development of wind power.To this end,this study combined the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with the Wind Farm Parameterization(WFP)method to investigate the wake characteristics and operational performance of large onshore wind farms in the complex terrain of Jiuquan City,Gansu Province,China.The research results showed that after verification,the systematic error of the WRF simulations was less than 3%.The WRF model and the WFP scheme simulated a significant warming phenomenon within the wind power base area,while a cooling effect was observed outside.The analysis of the wake effects indicated that the impact of PhaseⅠconstruction on PhaseⅡconstruction of the wind power base was minimal.During the operation of the entire wind power base,the wind speed within the wind farm decreased by approximately 10%,and the influence range of the predominant wind direction extended over a hundred kilometers downwind.The research conclusions provide a powerful scientific basis for optimizing design and operation,improving efficiency,minimizing the negative impacts on adjacent wind turbines,and ensuring the sustainable development of wind energy through dynamic planning and scientific assessment.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants 62271310 and 62125108in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinain part by the NSFC under Grant 62431014
文摘Extremely large-scale array(XL-array)communications can significantly improve the transmission rate,spectral efficiency,and spatial resolution,and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks.A crucial problem in XLarray communications is to determine the boundary of applicable regions of the plane wave model(PWM)and spherical wave model(SWM).In this paper,we propose new PWM/SWM demarcations for XL-arrays from the viewpoint of channel gain and rank.Four sets of results are derived for four different array setups.First,an equi-power line is derived for a point-touniform linear array(ULA)scenario,where an inflection point is found at±π6 central incident angles.Second,an equi-power surface is derived for a point-touniform planar array(UPA)scenario,and it is proved that cos2(ϕ)cos2(φ)=12 is a dividing curve,where ϕ andφdenote the elevation and azimuth angles,respectively.Third,an accurate and explicit expression of the equi-rank surface is obtained for a ULA-to-ULA scenario.Finally,an approximated expression of the equirank surface is obtained for a ULA-to-UPA scenario.With the obtained closed-form expressions,the equirank surface for any antenna structure and any angle can be well estimated.Furthermore,the effect of scatterers is also investigated,from which some insights are drawn.
文摘A water loop variable refrigerant flow（WLVRF）air-conditioning system is designed to be applied in large-scale buildings in northern China.The system is energy saving and it is an integrated system consisting of a variable refrigerant flow（VRF）air-conditioning unit,a water loop and an air source heat pump.The water loop transports energy among different regions in the buildings instead of refrigerant pipes,decreasing the scale of the VRF air-conditioning unit and improving the performance.Previous models for refrigerants and building loads are cited in this investigation.Mathematical models of major equipment and other elements of the system are established using the lumped parameter method based on the DATAFIT software and the MATLAB software.The performance of the WLVRF system is simulated.The initial investments and the running costs are calculated based on the results of market research.Finally,a contrast is carried out between the WLVRF system and the traditional VRF system.The results show that the WLVRF system has a better working condition and lower running costs than the traditional VRF system.
文摘According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and alalyzes specifically the three-tank the control systems and models.the process was imitated in computer, and the optimal shooting element of 3TS system was got. In addition, probability of hitting the target was calculated.
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period:Super-Class Scientific and Technical Thesaurus and Ontology Construction Faced the Foreign Scientific and Technical Literature (2011BAH10B01)
文摘The key activity to build semantic web is to build ontologies. But today, the theory and methodology of ontology construction is still far from ready. This paper proposed a theoretical framework for massive knowledge management- the knowledge domain framework （KDF）, and introduces an integrated development environment （IDE） named large-scale ontology development environment （LODE）, which implements the proposed theoretical framework. We also compared LODE with other popular ontology development environments in this paper. The practice of using LODE on management and development of agriculture ontologies shows that knowledge domain framework can handle the development activities of large scale ontologies. Application studies based on the described briefly. principle of knowledge domain framework and LODE was
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700)。
文摘1.Introduction Climate change mitigation pathways aimed at limiting global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions while striving to constrain the global temperature increase to below 2℃—as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)—consistently predict the widespread implementation of CO_(2)geological storage on a global scale.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金Xiamen Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22279107,22288102。
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3008404)the Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster,Ministry of Natural Resources,China(Grant Nos.EFGD20240609 and EFGD20240610).
文摘The recent upsurge in metro construction emphasizes the necessity of understanding the mechanical performance of metro shield tunnel subjected to the influence of ground fissures.In this study,a largescale experiment,in combination with numerical simulation,was conducted to investigate the influence of ground fissures on a metro shield tunnel.The results indicate that the lining contact pressure at the vault increases in the hanging wall while decreases in the footwall,resulting in a two-dimensional stress state of vertical shear and axial tension-compression,and simultaneous vertical dislocation and axial tilt for the segments around the ground fissure.In addition,the damage to curved bolts includes tensile yield,flexural yield,and shear twist,leading to obvious concrete lining damage,particularly at the vault,arch bottom,and hance,indicating that the joints in these positions are weak areas.The shield tunnel orthogonal to the ground fissure ultimately experiences shear failure,suggesting that the maximum actual dislocation of ground fissure that the structure can withstand is approximately 20 cm,and five segment rings in the hanging wall and six segment rings in the footwall also need to be reinforced.This study could provide a reference for metro design in ground fissure sites.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金supported by the GRDC(Global Research Development Center)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00257595).
文摘Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.
基金Supported by Shanghai 2020“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Medical Innovation Research Special Program:20Y21902800Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Shanghai Three-Year Action Plan to Further Accelerate the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation:ZY(2021-2023)−0302)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Specialty(Acupuncture)Construction Project:shslczdzk04701Shanghai 2024"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"star cultivation(Sail special):24YF2740600.
文摘Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,which is characterized by less adverse reaction and convenient operation.It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases.This review introduces six major clinical applications of TEAS,named analgesia,regulation of gastrointestinal function,improvement of reproductive function,enhancement of cognitive function,promotion of limb function recovery and relief of fatigue.Besides,TEAS has been ap-plied to the treatment of other chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes,achieving satisfactory clinical effects.However,two crucial challenges are encountered in the development of TEAS.One is the lack of standardization in the selection of parameters such as waveform,frequency,intensity and stimula-tion duration.The other is the limitation on the flexibility in the acupoint selection.This review analyzes key issues that need to be addressed in the current clinical application of TEAS,such as the selection of parameters and acupoints,and this review provides a certain reference value for optimizing regimens of TEAS and promoting its development and application.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0903504)
文摘In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.
