As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for th...As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for these algorithms.In this paper,we introduce the adaptive multi-strategy Rabbit Algorithm(RA).RA is inspired by the social interactions of rabbits,incorporating elements such as exploration,exploitation,and adaptation to address optimization challenges.It employs three distinct subgroups,comprising male,female,and child rabbits,to execute a multi-strategy search.Key parameters,including distance factor,balance factor,and learning factor,strike a balance between precision and computational efficiency.We offer practical recommendations for fine-tuning five essential RA parameters,making them versatile and independent.RA is capable of autonomously selecting adaptive parameter settings and mutation strategies,enabling it to successfully tackle a range of 17 CEC05 benchmark functions with dimensions scaling up to 5000.The results underscore RA’s superior performance in large-scale optimization tasks,surpassing other state-of-the-art metaheuristics in convergence speed,computational precision,and scalability.Finally,RA has demonstrated its proficiency in solving complicated optimization problems in real-world engineering by completing 10 problems in CEC2020.展开更多
Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue highlighting recent advancements in underground large-scale energy storage technologies.This issue comprises 19 articles:six from ...Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue highlighting recent advancements in underground large-scale energy storage technologies.This issue comprises 19 articles:six from our special issue"Underground large-scale energy storage technologies in the context of carbon neutrality",11 from regular submissions on related topics,and two from early regular submissions.These contributions include five review articles,one perspective article,and 13 research articles.The increased volume of this issue and later issues reflects DUSE's commitment to addressing the rapid growth in submissions and the current backlog of high-quality papers.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly ...0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly prominent.China has implemented and completed several largescale land infilling and excavation projects(Figure 1),which have become the main way to increase land resources and expand construction land.展开更多
When a cracked hydrogel sample immersed in water is stretched,a swelling zone near the crack tip emerges.Within the swelling zone,water diffusion occurs and swells the hydrogel.Outside the swelling zone,water diffusio...When a cracked hydrogel sample immersed in water is stretched,a swelling zone near the crack tip emerges.Within the swelling zone,water diffusion occurs and swells the hydrogel.Outside the swelling zone,water diffusion is negligible,and the material behaves like an incompressible elastomer.Since water diffusion is a time-dependent process,the size of the swelling zone changes with time.As time evolves,the size of the swelling zone grows until to the size of the hydrogel sample.There exists a competition between the size of the swelling zone and the size of the hydrogel sample,which results in complex rate-dependent fracture behavior of hydrogel.In this article,the competition effect is studied theoretically and numerically.We find that the hydrogel undergoes three stages gradually:small-scale swelling,large-scale swelling,and equilibrium as the size of the swelling zone approaches the size of the hydrogel sample.In the stage of small-scale swelling,the first invariant of stretch at the notch tip I1notch increases with the decrease of the stretch rate.In the stage of large-scale swelling,I1notch increases first and then decreases with the decrease of stretch rate.In the stage of equilibrium,the effect of water diffusion is negligible,and I1notch is independent of stretch rate.This work reveals the connection between the stretch rate,the size of the swelling zone,and the crack tip quantity I1notch,which is used to establish the fracture criterion and predict rate-dependent fracture of hydrogel.Particularly,the previous works on different trends of rate-dependent behavior of hydrogel can be unified in this work,when both small-scale swelling and large-scale swelling are considered.展开更多
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology is driving transformative changes in medical diagnosis,treatment,and management systems through large-scale deep learning models-a process that brings both g...The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology is driving transformative changes in medical diagnosis,treatment,and management systems through large-scale deep learning models-a process that brings both groundbreaking opportunities and multifaceted challenges.This study focuses on the medical and healthcare applications of large-scale deep learning architectures,conducting a comprehensive survey to categorize and analyze their diverse uses.The survey results reveal that current applications of large models in healthcare encompass medical data management,healthcare services,medical devices,and preventive medicine,among others.Concurrently,large models demonstrate significant advantages in the medical domain,especially in high-precision diagnosis and prediction,data analysis and knowledge discovery,and enhancing operational efficiency.Nevertheless,we identify several challenges that need urgent attention,including improving the interpretability of large models,strengthening privacy protection,and addressing issues related to handling incomplete data.This research is dedicated to systematically elucidating the deep collaborative mechanisms between artificial intelligence and the healthcare field,providing theoretical references and practical guidance for both academia and industry.展开更多
The accuracy of the full-scale aircraft static tests is greatly influenced by the aircraft attitude.This paper proposes an aircraft attitude optimization method based on the characteristics of the test.The aim is to a...The accuracy of the full-scale aircraft static tests is greatly influenced by the aircraft attitude.This paper proposes an aircraft attitude optimization method based on the characteristics of the test.The aim is to address three typical problems of ttitude control in the full-scale aircraft static tests:(1)The coupling of rigid-body displacement and elastic deformation after large deformation,(2)the difficulty of characterizing the aircraft attitude by measurable structure,and(3)the insufficient adaptability of the center of gravity reference to complex loading conditions.The methodology involves the establishment of two observation coordinate systems,a ground coordinate system and an airframe coordinate system,and two deformation states,before and after airframe deformation.A subsequent analysis of the parameter changes of these two states under different coordinate systems is then undertaken,with the objective being to identify the key parameters affecting the attitude control accuracy of large deformation aircraft.Three optimization objective functions are established according to the test loading characteristics and the purpose of the test:(1)To minimize the full-scale aircraft loading angle error,(2)to minimize the full-scale aircraft loading additional load,and(3)to minimize the full-scale aircraft loading wing root additional bending moment.The optimization calculation results are obtained by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,and the typical full-scale aircraft static test load condition of large passenger aircraft is taken as an example.The analysis of the results demonstrates that by customizing the measurable structure of the aircraft as the observation point for the aircraft attitude,and by obtaining the translational and rotational control parameters of the observation point during the test based on the optimization objective function,the results are reasonable,and the project can be implemented and used to control the aircraft's attitude more accurately in complex force test conditions.展开更多
A method to synthesize anticancer drug N-（ 4- hydroxyphenyl） retinamide （4-HPR）on a large scale is described. It consists of the preferred steps of reacting all-trans retinoic acid with thionyl chloride to form re...A method to synthesize anticancer drug N-（ 4- hydroxyphenyl） retinamide （4-HPR）on a large scale is described. It consists of the preferred steps of reacting all-trans retinoic acid with thionyl chloride to form retinoyl chloride and then reacting with triethylamine to generate retinoyl ammonium salt which in turn is reacted with p-aminophenol to eventually produce 4-HPR. This process can overcome many scale-up challenges that exist in the methods reported in the literature and provide an easy, mild and high yield route for large scale synthesis of 4-HPR. Moreover, the effects of the molar ratios of the reagents on the yield are examined. The best molar ratios are a 2.0 molar equivalence of thionyl chloride and a 3.0 molar equivalence of paminophenol to retinoic acid, and the total yield is 80. 7%.展开更多
A new limited memory symmetric rank one algorithm is proposed. It combines a modified self-scaled symmetric rank one （SSR1） update with the limited memory and nonmonotone line search technique. In this algorithm, th...A new limited memory symmetric rank one algorithm is proposed. It combines a modified self-scaled symmetric rank one （SSR1） update with the limited memory and nonmonotone line search technique. In this algorithm, the descent search direction is generated by inverse limited memory SSR1 update, thus simplifying the computation. Numerical comparison of the algorithm and the famous limited memory BFGS algorithm is given. Comparison results indicate that the new algorithm can process a kind of large-scale unconstrained optimization problems.展开更多
Fieldwork along several segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault,between 85 and 95°E,confirms that it ranks as one of the most active faults of Asia.In the East,near Aksay,the active fault trace offsets numerous stream c...Fieldwork along several segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault,between 85 and 95°E,confirms that it ranks as one of the most active faults of Asia.In the East,near Aksay,the active fault trace offsets numerous stream channels,terrace risers and fans tens to hundreds of meters. 14 C dating of organic remains and charcoal within terrace gravels indicates that most of the terraces were emplaced after the beginning of the Holocene,implying a left\|slip rate of about 2cm/a.Large mole tracks attest to the occurrence of great earthquakes.Even larger mole tracks are found north of Lenghu,within the Altun Shan push\|up,a 6000 m high range in a restraining bend of the fault,now sliced by its most active strand.North of Huatougou,at the transition between another push\|up mountain and a recent pull\|apart basin,a spectacular sequence of five flat\|floored,hanging channels,beheaded by the fault from a unique source in the mountain,have been horizontally displaced by up to 1250m.Cosmogenic dating of the abandonment of these channels and of nearby offset terrace risers confirms the slip\|rate at Aksay.Several km to the west,pressure ridges exceeding 10m in height across a large young fan,imply the repeat of several great earthquakes in a relatively short time span.展开更多
With the grain yield accounting for 20% of the whole country, the north- east China is a strategic region for ensuring national grain security and also a most centralized region of large grain farmers. Through a sampl...With the grain yield accounting for 20% of the whole country, the north- east China is a strategic region for ensuring national grain security and also a most centralized region of large grain farmers. Through a sampling survey of large grain farmers in 15 counties and cities of northeast China, with the aid of SPSS and AMOS software, using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, this paper made a quantitative analysis on the influence of the subjective and ob- jective factors of large grain farmers on their large-scale management. The results showed that the age structure, educational level, family operating capital, yield ex- pectation and protective farming awareness of large grain farmers are the positive factors influencing their large scale operation due to agricultural subsidy policy. By comparison, the number of agricultural machinery and equipment owned by family, regional labor force, expectation for future income, and expectation for contractual scale become negative factors influencing large-scale operation of large grain farm- ers because of agricultural policies. When the future expectation, self conditions, family endowment, and operation conditions of large grain farmers increase one unit, their large scale operation motivation will increase by 0.692, 0.689, 0.487 and 0.363 units respectively. Thus, increasing the future expectation and self conditions of large grain farmers is a key factor for promoting large scale operation of farmland.展开更多
The regional hydrological system is extremely complex because it is affected not only by physical factors but also by human dimensions.And the hydrological models play a very important role in simulating the complex s...The regional hydrological system is extremely complex because it is affected not only by physical factors but also by human dimensions.And the hydrological models play a very important role in simulating the complex system.However,there have not been effective methods for the model reliability and uncertainty analysis due to its complexity and difficulty.The uncertainties in hydrological modeling come from four important aspects：uncertainties in input data and parameters,uncertainties in model structure,uncertainties in analysis method and the initial and boundary conditions.This paper systematically reviewed the recent advances in the study of the uncertainty analysis approaches in the large-scale complex hydrological model on the basis of uncertainty sources.Also,the shortcomings and insufficiencies in the uncertainty analysis for complex hydrological models are pointed out.And then a new uncertainty quantification platform PSUADE and its uncertainty quantification methods were introduced,which will be a powerful tool and platform for uncertainty analysis of large-scale complex hydrological models.Finally,some future perspectives on uncertainty quantification are put forward.展开更多
This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the ...This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the rainfall over India varies as one coherent zone, that over China varies in east-west oriented bands. The influence of this banded structure extends well into India.Relationship of rainfall with large scale parameters such as the subtropical ridge over the Indian and the western Pacific regions, Southern Oscillation, the Northern Hemispheric surface air temperature and stratospheric winds have also been investigated. These results show that the rainfall over the area around 40°N, 110°E over China is highly related with rainfall over India. The subtropical ridge over the Indian region is an important predictor over India as well an over the northern China region. '展开更多
We present the design and performance of a home-built scanning tunneling microscope （STM）, which is compact （66 mm tall and 25 mm in diameter）, yet equipped with a 3D atomic precision piezoelectric motor in which ...We present the design and performance of a home-built scanning tunneling microscope （STM）, which is compact （66 mm tall and 25 mm in diameter）, yet equipped with a 3D atomic precision piezoelectric motor in which the Z coarse approach relies on a high simplic-ity friction-type walker （of our own invention） driven by an axially cut piezoelectric tube. The walker is vertically inserted in a piezoelectric scanner tube （PST） with its brim laying at on the PST end as the inertial slider （driven by the PST） for the XZ （sample plane） motion. The STM is designed to be capable of searching rare microscopic targets （defects, dopants, boundaries, nano-devices, etc.） in a macroscopic sample area （square millimeters） under extreme conditions （low temperatures, strong magnetic elds, etc.） in which it ts. It gives good atomic resolution images after scanning a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample in air at room temperature.展开更多
We present a deterministic algorithm for large-scale VLSI module placement. Following the less flexibility first （LFF） principle,we simulate a manual packing process in which the concept of placement by stages is in...We present a deterministic algorithm for large-scale VLSI module placement. Following the less flexibility first （LFF） principle,we simulate a manual packing process in which the concept of placement by stages is introduced to reduce the overall evaluation complexity. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is （N1 ＋ N2 ） × O（ n^2 ） ＋ N3× O（n^4lgn） ,where N1, N2 ,and N3 denote the number of modules in each stage, N1 ＋ N2 ＋ N3 = n, and N3〈〈 n. This complexity is much less than the original time complexity of O（n^5lgn）. Experimental results indicate that this approach is quite promising.展开更多
Human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripot...Human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells(DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension cultureof embryoid bodies(EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.展开更多
Recently a new clustering algorithm called 'affinity propagation' (AP) has been proposed, which efficiently clustered sparsely related data by passing messages between data points. However, we want to cluster ...Recently a new clustering algorithm called 'affinity propagation' (AP) has been proposed, which efficiently clustered sparsely related data by passing messages between data points. However, we want to cluster large scale data where the similarities are not sparse in many cases. This paper presents two variants of AP for grouping large scale data with a dense similarity matrix. The local approach is partition affinity propagation (PAP) and the global method is landmark affinity propagation (LAP). PAP passes messages in the subsets of data first and then merges them as the number of initial step of iterations; it can effectively reduce the number of iterations of clustering. LAP passes messages between the landmark data points first and then clusters non-landmark data points; it is a large global approximation method to speed up clustering. Experiments are conducted on many datasets, such as random data points, manifold subspaces, images of faces and Chinese calligraphy, and the results demonstrate that the two ap-proaches are feasible and practicable.展开更多
Mycothiol （MSH） is the major low molecular weight thiol in most actinomycetes. Chemical synthesis of MSH is of value for enzymology and inhibitor screening assays, but is hampered by difficulties in large scale sysn...Mycothiol （MSH） is the major low molecular weight thiol in most actinomycetes. Chemical synthesis of MSH is of value for enzymology and inhibitor screening assays, but is hampered by difficulties in large scale sysnthesis. We achieved the total synthesis of MSH by linking 2-camphanoyl-3,4,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-rnyo-inositol （D-1） and 2-deoxy-2-azido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- 1-p-toluene-thio-o-glucoside （2） first, followed by coupling with N-Boc-S-acetyl-L-cysteine （3）. This route of synthesis allowed the efficient and convenient synthesis of mycothiol on a large scale.展开更多
We study how to use the SR1 update to realize minimization methods for problems where the storage is critical. We give an update formula which generates matrices using information from the last m iterations. The numer...We study how to use the SR1 update to realize minimization methods for problems where the storage is critical. We give an update formula which generates matrices using information from the last m iterations. The numerical tests show that the method is efficent.展开更多
Eddy-damping quasinormal Markovian （EDQNM） theory is employed to calculate the resolved-scale spectrum and transfer spectrum, based on which we investigate the resolved-scale scaling law. Results show that the scali...Eddy-damping quasinormal Markovian （EDQNM） theory is employed to calculate the resolved-scale spectrum and transfer spectrum, based on which we investigate the resolved-scale scaling law. Results show that the scaling law of the resolved-scale turbulence, which is affected by several factors, is far from that of the full-scale turbulence and should be corrected. These results are then applied to an existing subgrid model to improve its performance. A series of simulations are performed to verify the necessity of a fixed scaling law in the subgrid modeling.展开更多
To cope with various unpredictable changes in large scale parts,the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) for machining these components is presented.Considering with large-size space measurement and th...To cope with various unpredictable changes in large scale parts,the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) for machining these components is presented.Considering with large-size space measurement and the fixed-free manufacture mode,an automatically localizing machining method for large scale part is studied in this paper,and the architecture of the RMS for machining large scale parts is proposed.According to the method and structure,the automatically localizing model is established.The theoretical analysis and simulation examples demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method,and the results indicate that the method is suitable and effective for machining large scale components in significant scientific projects.展开更多
文摘As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for these algorithms.In this paper,we introduce the adaptive multi-strategy Rabbit Algorithm(RA).RA is inspired by the social interactions of rabbits,incorporating elements such as exploration,exploitation,and adaptation to address optimization challenges.It employs three distinct subgroups,comprising male,female,and child rabbits,to execute a multi-strategy search.Key parameters,including distance factor,balance factor,and learning factor,strike a balance between precision and computational efficiency.We offer practical recommendations for fine-tuning five essential RA parameters,making them versatile and independent.RA is capable of autonomously selecting adaptive parameter settings and mutation strategies,enabling it to successfully tackle a range of 17 CEC05 benchmark functions with dimensions scaling up to 5000.The results underscore RA’s superior performance in large-scale optimization tasks,surpassing other state-of-the-art metaheuristics in convergence speed,computational precision,and scalability.Finally,RA has demonstrated its proficiency in solving complicated optimization problems in real-world engineering by completing 10 problems in CEC2020.
文摘Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue highlighting recent advancements in underground large-scale energy storage technologies.This issue comprises 19 articles:six from our special issue"Underground large-scale energy storage technologies in the context of carbon neutrality",11 from regular submissions on related topics,and two from early regular submissions.These contributions include five review articles,one perspective article,and 13 research articles.The increased volume of this issue and later issues reflects DUSE's commitment to addressing the rapid growth in submissions and the current backlog of high-quality papers.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SFYBXM-669)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271078)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly prominent.China has implemented and completed several largescale land infilling and excavation projects(Figure 1),which have become the main way to increase land resources and expand construction land.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20240607)the Postdoctoral Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.25010103232)。
文摘When a cracked hydrogel sample immersed in water is stretched,a swelling zone near the crack tip emerges.Within the swelling zone,water diffusion occurs and swells the hydrogel.Outside the swelling zone,water diffusion is negligible,and the material behaves like an incompressible elastomer.Since water diffusion is a time-dependent process,the size of the swelling zone changes with time.As time evolves,the size of the swelling zone grows until to the size of the hydrogel sample.There exists a competition between the size of the swelling zone and the size of the hydrogel sample,which results in complex rate-dependent fracture behavior of hydrogel.In this article,the competition effect is studied theoretically and numerically.We find that the hydrogel undergoes three stages gradually:small-scale swelling,large-scale swelling,and equilibrium as the size of the swelling zone approaches the size of the hydrogel sample.In the stage of small-scale swelling,the first invariant of stretch at the notch tip I1notch increases with the decrease of the stretch rate.In the stage of large-scale swelling,I1notch increases first and then decreases with the decrease of stretch rate.In the stage of equilibrium,the effect of water diffusion is negligible,and I1notch is independent of stretch rate.This work reveals the connection between the stretch rate,the size of the swelling zone,and the crack tip quantity I1notch,which is used to establish the fracture criterion and predict rate-dependent fracture of hydrogel.Particularly,the previous works on different trends of rate-dependent behavior of hydrogel can be unified in this work,when both small-scale swelling and large-scale swelling are considered.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62272236)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20201136).
文摘The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology is driving transformative changes in medical diagnosis,treatment,and management systems through large-scale deep learning models-a process that brings both groundbreaking opportunities and multifaceted challenges.This study focuses on the medical and healthcare applications of large-scale deep learning architectures,conducting a comprehensive survey to categorize and analyze their diverse uses.The survey results reveal that current applications of large models in healthcare encompass medical data management,healthcare services,medical devices,and preventive medicine,among others.Concurrently,large models demonstrate significant advantages in the medical domain,especially in high-precision diagnosis and prediction,data analysis and knowledge discovery,and enhancing operational efficiency.Nevertheless,we identify several challenges that need urgent attention,including improving the interpretability of large models,strengthening privacy protection,and addressing issues related to handling incomplete data.This research is dedicated to systematically elucidating the deep collaborative mechanisms between artificial intelligence and the healthcare field,providing theoretical references and practical guidance for both academia and industry.
基金supported in part by the National Specialized Research Project(No.XXZ3-XX21-3).
文摘The accuracy of the full-scale aircraft static tests is greatly influenced by the aircraft attitude.This paper proposes an aircraft attitude optimization method based on the characteristics of the test.The aim is to address three typical problems of ttitude control in the full-scale aircraft static tests:(1)The coupling of rigid-body displacement and elastic deformation after large deformation,(2)the difficulty of characterizing the aircraft attitude by measurable structure,and(3)the insufficient adaptability of the center of gravity reference to complex loading conditions.The methodology involves the establishment of two observation coordinate systems,a ground coordinate system and an airframe coordinate system,and two deformation states,before and after airframe deformation.A subsequent analysis of the parameter changes of these two states under different coordinate systems is then undertaken,with the objective being to identify the key parameters affecting the attitude control accuracy of large deformation aircraft.Three optimization objective functions are established according to the test loading characteristics and the purpose of the test:(1)To minimize the full-scale aircraft loading angle error,(2)to minimize the full-scale aircraft loading additional load,and(3)to minimize the full-scale aircraft loading wing root additional bending moment.The optimization calculation results are obtained by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,and the typical full-scale aircraft static test load condition of large passenger aircraft is taken as an example.The analysis of the results demonstrates that by customizing the measurable structure of the aircraft as the observation point for the aircraft attitude,and by obtaining the translational and rotational control parameters of the observation point during the test based on the optimization objective function,the results are reasonable,and the project can be implemented and used to control the aircraft's attitude more accurately in complex force test conditions.
文摘A method to synthesize anticancer drug N-（ 4- hydroxyphenyl） retinamide （4-HPR）on a large scale is described. It consists of the preferred steps of reacting all-trans retinoic acid with thionyl chloride to form retinoyl chloride and then reacting with triethylamine to generate retinoyl ammonium salt which in turn is reacted with p-aminophenol to eventually produce 4-HPR. This process can overcome many scale-up challenges that exist in the methods reported in the literature and provide an easy, mild and high yield route for large scale synthesis of 4-HPR. Moreover, the effects of the molar ratios of the reagents on the yield are examined. The best molar ratios are a 2.0 molar equivalence of thionyl chloride and a 3.0 molar equivalence of paminophenol to retinoic acid, and the total yield is 80. 7%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10471062)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2006184)~~
文摘A new limited memory symmetric rank one algorithm is proposed. It combines a modified self-scaled symmetric rank one （SSR1） update with the limited memory and nonmonotone line search technique. In this algorithm, the descent search direction is generated by inverse limited memory SSR1 update, thus simplifying the computation. Numerical comparison of the algorithm and the famous limited memory BFGS algorithm is given. Comparison results indicate that the new algorithm can process a kind of large-scale unconstrained optimization problems.
文摘Fieldwork along several segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault,between 85 and 95°E,confirms that it ranks as one of the most active faults of Asia.In the East,near Aksay,the active fault trace offsets numerous stream channels,terrace risers and fans tens to hundreds of meters. 14 C dating of organic remains and charcoal within terrace gravels indicates that most of the terraces were emplaced after the beginning of the Holocene,implying a left\|slip rate of about 2cm/a.Large mole tracks attest to the occurrence of great earthquakes.Even larger mole tracks are found north of Lenghu,within the Altun Shan push\|up,a 6000 m high range in a restraining bend of the fault,now sliced by its most active strand.North of Huatougou,at the transition between another push\|up mountain and a recent pull\|apart basin,a spectacular sequence of five flat\|floored,hanging channels,beheaded by the fault from a unique source in the mountain,have been horizontally displaced by up to 1250m.Cosmogenic dating of the abandonment of these channels and of nearby offset terrace risers confirms the slip\|rate at Aksay.Several km to the west,pressure ridges exceeding 10m in height across a large young fan,imply the repeat of several great earthquakes in a relatively short time span.
文摘With the grain yield accounting for 20% of the whole country, the north- east China is a strategic region for ensuring national grain security and also a most centralized region of large grain farmers. Through a sampling survey of large grain farmers in 15 counties and cities of northeast China, with the aid of SPSS and AMOS software, using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, this paper made a quantitative analysis on the influence of the subjective and ob- jective factors of large grain farmers on their large-scale management. The results showed that the age structure, educational level, family operating capital, yield ex- pectation and protective farming awareness of large grain farmers are the positive factors influencing their large scale operation due to agricultural subsidy policy. By comparison, the number of agricultural machinery and equipment owned by family, regional labor force, expectation for future income, and expectation for contractual scale become negative factors influencing large-scale operation of large grain farm- ers because of agricultural policies. When the future expectation, self conditions, family endowment, and operation conditions of large grain farmers increase one unit, their large scale operation motivation will increase by 0.692, 0.689, 0.487 and 0.363 units respectively. Thus, increasing the future expectation and self conditions of large grain farmers is a key factor for promoting large scale operation of farmland.
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2010CB428403National Grand Science and Technology Special Project of Water Pollution Control and Improvement,No.2009ZX07210-006
文摘The regional hydrological system is extremely complex because it is affected not only by physical factors but also by human dimensions.And the hydrological models play a very important role in simulating the complex system.However,there have not been effective methods for the model reliability and uncertainty analysis due to its complexity and difficulty.The uncertainties in hydrological modeling come from four important aspects：uncertainties in input data and parameters,uncertainties in model structure,uncertainties in analysis method and the initial and boundary conditions.This paper systematically reviewed the recent advances in the study of the uncertainty analysis approaches in the large-scale complex hydrological model on the basis of uncertainty sources.Also,the shortcomings and insufficiencies in the uncertainty analysis for complex hydrological models are pointed out.And then a new uncertainty quantification platform PSUADE and its uncertainty quantification methods were introduced,which will be a powerful tool and platform for uncertainty analysis of large-scale complex hydrological models.Finally,some future perspectives on uncertainty quantification are put forward.
文摘This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the rainfall over India varies as one coherent zone, that over China varies in east-west oriented bands. The influence of this banded structure extends well into India.Relationship of rainfall with large scale parameters such as the subtropical ridge over the Indian and the western Pacific regions, Southern Oscillation, the Northern Hemispheric surface air temperature and stratospheric winds have also been investigated. These results show that the rainfall over the area around 40°N, 110°E over China is highly related with rainfall over India. The subtropical ridge over the Indian region is an important predictor over India as well an over the northern China region. '
文摘We present the design and performance of a home-built scanning tunneling microscope （STM）, which is compact （66 mm tall and 25 mm in diameter）, yet equipped with a 3D atomic precision piezoelectric motor in which the Z coarse approach relies on a high simplic-ity friction-type walker （of our own invention） driven by an axially cut piezoelectric tube. The walker is vertically inserted in a piezoelectric scanner tube （PST） with its brim laying at on the PST end as the inertial slider （driven by the PST） for the XZ （sample plane） motion. The STM is designed to be capable of searching rare microscopic targets （defects, dopants, boundaries, nano-devices, etc.） in a macroscopic sample area （square millimeters） under extreme conditions （low temperatures, strong magnetic elds, etc.） in which it ts. It gives good atomic resolution images after scanning a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample in air at room temperature.
文摘We present a deterministic algorithm for large-scale VLSI module placement. Following the less flexibility first （LFF） principle,we simulate a manual packing process in which the concept of placement by stages is introduced to reduce the overall evaluation complexity. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is （N1 ＋ N2 ） × O（ n^2 ） ＋ N3× O（n^4lgn） ,where N1, N2 ,and N3 denote the number of modules in each stage, N1 ＋ N2 ＋ N3 = n, and N3〈〈 n. This complexity is much less than the original time complexity of O（n^5lgn）. Experimental results indicate that this approach is quite promising.
基金Supported by In part by Florida State University start up fundFlorida State University Research Foundation GAP awardthe partial support from National Science Foundation,No.1342192
文摘Human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells(DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension cultureof embryoid bodies(EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60533090 and 60603096)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA010107)+2 种基金the Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2006BAH02A13-4)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (No. IRT0652)the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of MOE, China (No. 706033)
文摘Recently a new clustering algorithm called 'affinity propagation' (AP) has been proposed, which efficiently clustered sparsely related data by passing messages between data points. However, we want to cluster large scale data where the similarities are not sparse in many cases. This paper presents two variants of AP for grouping large scale data with a dense similarity matrix. The local approach is partition affinity propagation (PAP) and the global method is landmark affinity propagation (LAP). PAP passes messages in the subsets of data first and then merges them as the number of initial step of iterations; it can effectively reduce the number of iterations of clustering. LAP passes messages between the landmark data points first and then clusters non-landmark data points; it is a large global approximation method to speed up clustering. Experiments are conducted on many datasets, such as random data points, manifold subspaces, images of faces and Chinese calligraphy, and the results demonstrate that the two ap-proaches are feasible and practicable.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.91213303)
文摘Mycothiol （MSH） is the major low molecular weight thiol in most actinomycetes. Chemical synthesis of MSH is of value for enzymology and inhibitor screening assays, but is hampered by difficulties in large scale sysnthesis. We achieved the total synthesis of MSH by linking 2-camphanoyl-3,4,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-rnyo-inositol （D-1） and 2-deoxy-2-azido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- 1-p-toluene-thio-o-glucoside （2） first, followed by coupling with N-Boc-S-acetyl-L-cysteine （3）. This route of synthesis allowed the efficient and convenient synthesis of mycothiol on a large scale.
文摘We study how to use the SR1 update to realize minimization methods for problems where the storage is critical. We give an update formula which generates matrices using information from the last m iterations. The numerical tests show that the method is efficent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11202013 and 51136003)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB720200)the Opening fundof State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics
文摘Eddy-damping quasinormal Markovian （EDQNM） theory is employed to calculate the resolved-scale spectrum and transfer spectrum, based on which we investigate the resolved-scale scaling law. Results show that the scaling law of the resolved-scale turbulence, which is affected by several factors, is far from that of the full-scale turbulence and should be corrected. These results are then applied to an existing subgrid model to improve its performance. A series of simulations are performed to verify the necessity of a fixed scaling law in the subgrid modeling.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology
文摘To cope with various unpredictable changes in large scale parts,the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) for machining these components is presented.Considering with large-size space measurement and the fixed-free manufacture mode,an automatically localizing machining method for large scale part is studied in this paper,and the architecture of the RMS for machining large scale parts is proposed.According to the method and structure,the automatically localizing model is established.The theoretical analysis and simulation examples demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method,and the results indicate that the method is suitable and effective for machining large scale components in significant scientific projects.
