This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large mode...This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries,outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector,and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry.The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories:large language models,visual large models,and multimodal large models.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy.Based on open-source large language models,some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation.Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models.A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation,as well as core analysis.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models,high research and development costs,and poor algorithm autonomy and control.The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business,taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management,enhance data governance capabilities,promote the construction of computing power,strengthen the construction of“artificial intelligence+energy”composite teams,and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.展开更多
A kind of tapered segmented cladding fiber(T-SCF)with large mode area(LMA)is proposed,and the mode and amplification characteristics of T-SCFs with concave,linear,and convex tapered structures are investigated based o...A kind of tapered segmented cladding fiber(T-SCF)with large mode area(LMA)is proposed,and the mode and amplification characteristics of T-SCFs with concave,linear,and convex tapered structures are investigated based on finite-element method(FEM)and few-mode steady-state rate equation.Simulation results indicate that the concave tapered structure can introduce high loss for high-order modes(HOMs)that is advantageous to achieve single-mode operation,whereas the convex tapered structure provides large effective mode area that can help to mitigate nonlinear effects.Meanwhile,the small-to-large amplification scheme shows further advantages on stripping off HOMs,and the large-to-small amplification scheme decreases the heat load density induced by the high-power pump.Moreover,singlemode propagation performance,effective mode area,and heat load density of the T-SCF are superior to those of tapered step index fiber(T-SIF).These theoretical model and numerical results can provide instructive suggestions for designing high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers.展开更多
We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in t...We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in the cladding.展开更多
A rigid flexible coupling physical model which can represent a flexible spacecraft is investigated in this paper. By applying the mechanics theory in a non-inertial coordinate system,the rigid flexible coupling dynami...A rigid flexible coupling physical model which can represent a flexible spacecraft is investigated in this paper. By applying the mechanics theory in a non-inertial coordinate system,the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model with dynamic stiffening is established via the subsystemmodeling framework. It is clearly elucidated for the first time that,dynamic stiffening is produced by the coupling effect of the centrifugal inertial load distributed on the beamand the transverse vibration deformation of the beam. The modeling approach in this paper successfully avoids problems which are caused by other popular modeling methods nowadays： the derivation process is too complex by using only one dynamic principle; a clearly theoretical explanation for dynamic stiffening can＇t be provided. First,the continuous dynamic models of the flexible beamand the central rigid body are established via structural dynamics and angular momentumtheory respectively. Then,based on the conclusions of orthogonalization about the normal constrained modes,the finite dimensional dynamic model suitable for controller design is obtained. The numerical simulation validations showthat： dynamic stiffening is successfully incorporated into the dynamic characteristics of the first-order model established in this paper,which can indicate the dynamic responses of the rigid flexible coupling system with large overall motion accurately,and has a clear modeling mechanism,concise expressions and a good convergence.展开更多
Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,p...Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,particularly emerging generative AI and large language model,is reshaping this traditional paradigm,offering new avenues for efficiency,precision,and innovation[3].In this special issue,we present an overview of AI applications across the entire drug development workflow.Topics include novel molecule generation,drug–target and drug–drug interaction network prediction,molecular property optimization,pharmaceutical research,and related areas.展开更多
Rare earth-doped fibres are a diode-pumped,solid-state laser architecture that is highly scalable in average power.The performance of pulsed fibre laser systems is restricted due to nonlinear effects.Hence,fibre desig...Rare earth-doped fibres are a diode-pumped,solid-state laser architecture that is highly scalable in average power.The performance of pulsed fibre laser systems is restricted due to nonlinear effects.Hence,fibre designs that allow for very large mode areas at high average powers with diffraction-limited beam quality are of enormous interest.Ytterbium-doped,rod-type,large-pitch fibres(LPF)enable extreme fibre dimensions,i.e.,effective single-mode fibres with mode sizes exceeding 100 times the wavelength of the guided radiation,by exploiting the novel concept of delocalisation of higher-order transverse modes.The non-resonant nature of the operating principle makes LPF suitable for high power extraction.This design allows for an unparalleled level of performance in pulsed fibre lasers.展开更多
A special optical fiber is investigated, which has a helical core in the cylindrical cladding. The beam propagation method （BPM） is used for analyzing the impacts of the geometric and physical parameters on the prop...A special optical fiber is investigated, which has a helical core in the cylindrical cladding. The beam propagation method （BPM） is used for analyzing the impacts of the geometric and physical parameters on the properties of mode losses of the helical-core fiber. The propagation loss is 0.32 dB/m for the fundamental mode and the propagation loss is 20.95 dB/m for the LPu mode in the wavelength range of 1050-1065 nm when the core diameter is 19 μm, the pitch of the core＇s helix is 2.66 mm, and the offset of the helix core from the center of the fiber axis is 31 μm. The core diameter of the single-mode helical-core fiber well exceeds that of the conventional large-mode-area fiber. The helical-core fiber can provide the effec- tive large-mode-area single-mode operation without coiling fiber or selecting excitation mode.展开更多
High coherence of the laser is indispensable light sources in modern long or short-distance imaging systems, because the high coherence leads to coherent artifacts such as speckle that corrupt image formation. To deli...High coherence of the laser is indispensable light sources in modern long or short-distance imaging systems, because the high coherence leads to coherent artifacts such as speckle that corrupt image formation. To deliver low coherence pulses in fiber amplifiers, we utilize the superluminescent pulsed light with broad bandwidth, nonlongitudinal mode structure and chaotic mode phase as the seed source of the cascaded fiber amplifiers. The influence of fiber superluminescent pulse amplification(SPA) on the limitations of the performance is analyzed. A review of our research results for SPA in the fibers are present, including the nonlinear theories of this low coherent light sources, i.e., self-focusing(SF), stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) and self-phase modulation(SPM) effects, and the experiment results of the nanosecond pulses with peak power as high as 4.8 MW and pulse energy as much as 55 mJ. To improve the brightness of SPA light in the future work, we introduce our novel evaluation term and a more reasonable criterion, which is denoted by a new parameter of brightness factor for active large mode area fiber designs. A core-doped active large pitch fiber with a core diameter of 190 μm and a mode-field diameter of 180 μm is designed by this method. The designed fiber allows near diffracted limited beam quality operation, and it can achieve 100 mJ pulse energy and 540 W average power by analyzing the mode coupling effects induced by heat.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72088101,42372175)PetroChina Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(2021DQ02-0904)。
文摘This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries,outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector,and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry.The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories:large language models,visual large models,and multimodal large models.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy.Based on open-source large language models,some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation.Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models.A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation,as well as core analysis.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models,high research and development costs,and poor algorithm autonomy and control.The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business,taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management,enhance data governance capabilities,promote the construction of computing power,strengthen the construction of“artificial intelligence+energy”composite teams,and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1805802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005012 and 61827817)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety(No.RCS2019ZZ007)Beijing Jiaotong University,and Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(No.J18KA368).
文摘A kind of tapered segmented cladding fiber(T-SCF)with large mode area(LMA)is proposed,and the mode and amplification characteristics of T-SCFs with concave,linear,and convex tapered structures are investigated based on finite-element method(FEM)and few-mode steady-state rate equation.Simulation results indicate that the concave tapered structure can introduce high loss for high-order modes(HOMs)that is advantageous to achieve single-mode operation,whereas the convex tapered structure provides large effective mode area that can help to mitigate nonlinear effects.Meanwhile,the small-to-large amplification scheme shows further advantages on stripping off HOMs,and the large-to-small amplification scheme decreases the heat load density induced by the high-power pump.Moreover,singlemode propagation performance,effective mode area,and heat load density of the T-SCF are superior to those of tapered step index fiber(T-SIF).These theoretical model and numerical results can provide instructive suggestions for designing high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers.
文摘We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in the cladding.
文摘A rigid flexible coupling physical model which can represent a flexible spacecraft is investigated in this paper. By applying the mechanics theory in a non-inertial coordinate system,the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model with dynamic stiffening is established via the subsystemmodeling framework. It is clearly elucidated for the first time that,dynamic stiffening is produced by the coupling effect of the centrifugal inertial load distributed on the beamand the transverse vibration deformation of the beam. The modeling approach in this paper successfully avoids problems which are caused by other popular modeling methods nowadays： the derivation process is too complex by using only one dynamic principle; a clearly theoretical explanation for dynamic stiffening can＇t be provided. First,the continuous dynamic models of the flexible beamand the central rigid body are established via structural dynamics and angular momentumtheory respectively. Then,based on the conclusions of orthogonalization about the normal constrained modes,the finite dimensional dynamic model suitable for controller design is obtained. The numerical simulation validations showthat： dynamic stiffening is successfully incorporated into the dynamic characteristics of the first-order model established in this paper,which can indicate the dynamic responses of the rigid flexible coupling system with large overall motion accurately,and has a clear modeling mechanism,concise expressions and a good convergence.
文摘Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,particularly emerging generative AI and large language model,is reshaping this traditional paradigm,offering new avenues for efficiency,precision,and innovation[3].In this special issue,we present an overview of AI applications across the entire drug development workflow.Topics include novel molecule generation,drug–target and drug–drug interaction network prediction,molecular property optimization,pharmaceutical research,and related areas.
基金The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No.[240460]the Thuringian Ministry of Education,Science and Culture under contract PE203-2-1(MOFA)and contract B514-10061(Green Photonics).FJ acknowledges financial support from the Abbe School of Photonics.
文摘Rare earth-doped fibres are a diode-pumped,solid-state laser architecture that is highly scalable in average power.The performance of pulsed fibre laser systems is restricted due to nonlinear effects.Hence,fibre designs that allow for very large mode areas at high average powers with diffraction-limited beam quality are of enormous interest.Ytterbium-doped,rod-type,large-pitch fibres(LPF)enable extreme fibre dimensions,i.e.,effective single-mode fibres with mode sizes exceeding 100 times the wavelength of the guided radiation,by exploiting the novel concept of delocalisation of higher-order transverse modes.The non-resonant nature of the operating principle makes LPF suitable for high power extraction.This design allows for an unparalleled level of performance in pulsed fibre lasers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11104043,61107069,60927008)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Provincein China(No.LC201006)
文摘A special optical fiber is investigated, which has a helical core in the cylindrical cladding. The beam propagation method （BPM） is used for analyzing the impacts of the geometric and physical parameters on the properties of mode losses of the helical-core fiber. The propagation loss is 0.32 dB/m for the fundamental mode and the propagation loss is 20.95 dB/m for the LPu mode in the wavelength range of 1050-1065 nm when the core diameter is 19 μm, the pitch of the core＇s helix is 2.66 mm, and the offset of the helix core from the center of the fiber axis is 31 μm. The core diameter of the single-mode helical-core fiber well exceeds that of the conventional large-mode-area fiber. The helical-core fiber can provide the effec- tive large-mode-area single-mode operation without coiling fiber or selecting excitation mode.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61475081)the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University (No.SKLT2014B09)
文摘High coherence of the laser is indispensable light sources in modern long or short-distance imaging systems, because the high coherence leads to coherent artifacts such as speckle that corrupt image formation. To deliver low coherence pulses in fiber amplifiers, we utilize the superluminescent pulsed light with broad bandwidth, nonlongitudinal mode structure and chaotic mode phase as the seed source of the cascaded fiber amplifiers. The influence of fiber superluminescent pulse amplification(SPA) on the limitations of the performance is analyzed. A review of our research results for SPA in the fibers are present, including the nonlinear theories of this low coherent light sources, i.e., self-focusing(SF), stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) and self-phase modulation(SPM) effects, and the experiment results of the nanosecond pulses with peak power as high as 4.8 MW and pulse energy as much as 55 mJ. To improve the brightness of SPA light in the future work, we introduce our novel evaluation term and a more reasonable criterion, which is denoted by a new parameter of brightness factor for active large mode area fiber designs. A core-doped active large pitch fiber with a core diameter of 190 μm and a mode-field diameter of 180 μm is designed by this method. The designed fiber allows near diffracted limited beam quality operation, and it can achieve 100 mJ pulse energy and 540 W average power by analyzing the mode coupling effects induced by heat.
