This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural commu...This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.展开更多
The work in this paper is based on primary research on how to obtain informed consent to medical treatment and or procedure among patients;this study was carried out in Papua New Guinea in both urban and rural health ...The work in this paper is based on primary research on how to obtain informed consent to medical treatment and or procedure among patients;this study was carried out in Papua New Guinea in both urban and rural health settings across customs,cultures,and languages in two provinces,on the basis of qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals including doctors,nurses,other healthcare workers,patients,and traditional healers.We emphasize the views of consent with participants of customs,cultural,and languages regarding informed consent.There are factors between peoples of differing circumstances which can greatly alter how they view consent.Some groups would involve people in the decision-making process that may not traditionally be involved in the decision making of a medical decision.Other groups may dislike certain medical procedures as in Papua New Guinea(PNG).And certain people have different views on what should be disclosed of the patient’s condition.Customs,cultures,and languages are common phenomena which continue to affect the daily lives of many thousands of people.It is unclear in PNG about the characteristics of customs,culture,and language on health care because there is no published information on informed consent and issues that affect the making of informed consent.展开更多
Machine translation of low-resource languages(LRLs)has long been hindered by limited corpora and linguistic complexity.This review summarizes key developments,from traditional methods to recent progress with large lan...Machine translation of low-resource languages(LRLs)has long been hindered by limited corpora and linguistic complexity.This review summarizes key developments,from traditional methods to recent progress with large language models(LLMs),while highlighting ongoing challenges such as data bottlenecks,biases,fairness,and computational costs.Finally,it discusses future directions,including efficient parameter fine-tuning,multimodal translation,and community-driven corpus construction,providing insights for advancing LRL translation research.展开更多
Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph gr...Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.展开更多
This article aims to analyze the difference of word order between English and Chinese languages after making a constructive study of them and concludes that it is the reflection of different thinking characteristics o...This article aims to analyze the difference of word order between English and Chinese languages after making a constructive study of them and concludes that it is the reflection of different thinking characteristics of the two nationalities. The difference of history development, cultural tradition, social economy and geographic environment naturally produces the thinking mode with the national features. The different features certainly influence the language expression. It is because language is not only the main carrier of thinking but also the important expression form. So to well study the features of thinking mode is of great importance to translation, foreign language teaching and cross-cultural communication.展开更多
目的针对飞机货舱配载方案评估中多属性决策的复杂性,以及现有评估方法在权重确定上过度依赖专家经验导致的主观偏差,或单纯依赖客观数据忽略决策者偏好的局限性,提出一种融合主观先验与客观数据驱动的混合赋权评估模型,以提供更为合理...目的针对飞机货舱配载方案评估中多属性决策的复杂性,以及现有评估方法在权重确定上过度依赖专家经验导致的主观偏差,或单纯依赖客观数据忽略决策者偏好的局限性,提出一种融合主观先验与客观数据驱动的混合赋权评估模型,以提供更为合理、可靠的配载方案择优决策支持。方法首先,引入大型语言模型(Large language model,LLM),构建“虚拟专家委员会”,通过精心设计的提示词工程,获取多维度、多情境下的主观权重。其次,针对传统熵权法对数据分布敏感、难以有效区分指标优劣等问题,提出一种改进的数据预处理熵权法(Improved data preprocessing entropy weighting method,IDPEW),该方法结合指标值的辨识度和信息熵的均衡性来确定客观权重。最后,将LLM生成的主观权重与IDPEW计算的客观权重进行加权组合,构建综合评价函数,对飞机货舱配载方案进行全面评估和排序。结果实验结果表明,LLM模拟专家意见时最关注“装载率”(主观权重0.2250),而IDPEW方法从数据中识别出“横向不平衡度”最具区分力(客观权重0.2481)。混合赋权模型(α=0.5)有效平衡了主客观偏好,在24个方案中精准识别出综合性能最优的方案,验证了模型在复杂情境下的稳定性。结论创新性地利用LLM低成本构建“虚拟专家”获取先验知识,并通过耦合指标辨识度与均衡性的IDPEW方法,提升了客观赋权精度。该模型克服了单一赋权的局限,为飞机货舱配载方案的科学评估提供了一种兼具可解释性和实用性的新范式。展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,an...Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.展开更多
近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucinati...近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。展开更多
As one of the important phases of language acquisition process, vocabulary acquisition has great impact on one＇s language competence and communication competence. However, there are still some problems in students＇ ...As one of the important phases of language acquisition process, vocabulary acquisition has great impact on one＇s language competence and communication competence. However, there are still some problems in students＇ vocabulary acquisition. This paper first discusses the current problems in vocabulary teaching, and then analyzes some laws in vocabulary acquisition, and at last it discusses the advantages of making use of Internet in vocabulary teaching, which aims to find a possible solution to the problems.展开更多
In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Rese...In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Research(Ding et al.,2025),the title was incorrectly presented due to an error during the language polishing process.展开更多
The cultural differences between the east and the west are reflected in their own languages. Vocabulary is the basic building material of a language. It is the basic linguistic unit of cultural connotation and message...The cultural differences between the east and the west are reflected in their own languages. Vocabulary is the basic building material of a language. It is the basic linguistic unit of cultural connotation and message. Through the analysis of the word ＂rose＂, this paper attempts to find the different connotations in Chinese and western cultures. It also tentatively explores the significance of introducing cultural background in foreign language teaching.展开更多
基金supported by“Dalian Maritime University Teaching Reform Research Fund 2022 Annual Project”(Fund No.XJG2022-96).
文摘This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.
文摘The work in this paper is based on primary research on how to obtain informed consent to medical treatment and or procedure among patients;this study was carried out in Papua New Guinea in both urban and rural health settings across customs,cultures,and languages in two provinces,on the basis of qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals including doctors,nurses,other healthcare workers,patients,and traditional healers.We emphasize the views of consent with participants of customs,cultural,and languages regarding informed consent.There are factors between peoples of differing circumstances which can greatly alter how they view consent.Some groups would involve people in the decision-making process that may not traditionally be involved in the decision making of a medical decision.Other groups may dislike certain medical procedures as in Papua New Guinea(PNG).And certain people have different views on what should be disclosed of the patient’s condition.Customs,cultures,and languages are common phenomena which continue to affect the daily lives of many thousands of people.It is unclear in PNG about the characteristics of customs,culture,and language on health care because there is no published information on informed consent and issues that affect the making of informed consent.
基金supported by China Undergraduate Innovation Training Program[Grant No.202410699184]Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project funded by the Ministry of Education of China[Grant No.23YJAZH139].
文摘Machine translation of low-resource languages(LRLs)has long been hindered by limited corpora and linguistic complexity.This review summarizes key developments,from traditional methods to recent progress with large language models(LLMs),while highlighting ongoing challenges such as data bottlenecks,biases,fairness,and computational costs.Finally,it discusses future directions,including efficient parameter fine-tuning,multimodal translation,and community-driven corpus construction,providing insights for advancing LRL translation research.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60571048,60673186,60736015)the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2007AA01Z178)
文摘Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.
文摘This article aims to analyze the difference of word order between English and Chinese languages after making a constructive study of them and concludes that it is the reflection of different thinking characteristics of the two nationalities. The difference of history development, cultural tradition, social economy and geographic environment naturally produces the thinking mode with the national features. The different features certainly influence the language expression. It is because language is not only the main carrier of thinking but also the important expression form. So to well study the features of thinking mode is of great importance to translation, foreign language teaching and cross-cultural communication.
文摘目的针对飞机货舱配载方案评估中多属性决策的复杂性,以及现有评估方法在权重确定上过度依赖专家经验导致的主观偏差,或单纯依赖客观数据忽略决策者偏好的局限性,提出一种融合主观先验与客观数据驱动的混合赋权评估模型,以提供更为合理、可靠的配载方案择优决策支持。方法首先,引入大型语言模型(Large language model,LLM),构建“虚拟专家委员会”,通过精心设计的提示词工程,获取多维度、多情境下的主观权重。其次,针对传统熵权法对数据分布敏感、难以有效区分指标优劣等问题,提出一种改进的数据预处理熵权法(Improved data preprocessing entropy weighting method,IDPEW),该方法结合指标值的辨识度和信息熵的均衡性来确定客观权重。最后,将LLM生成的主观权重与IDPEW计算的客观权重进行加权组合,构建综合评价函数,对飞机货舱配载方案进行全面评估和排序。结果实验结果表明,LLM模拟专家意见时最关注“装载率”(主观权重0.2250),而IDPEW方法从数据中识别出“横向不平衡度”最具区分力(客观权重0.2481)。混合赋权模型(α=0.5)有效平衡了主客观偏好,在24个方案中精准识别出综合性能最优的方案,验证了模型在复杂情境下的稳定性。结论创新性地利用LLM低成本构建“虚拟专家”获取先验知识,并通过耦合指标辨识度与均衡性的IDPEW方法,提升了客观赋权精度。该模型克服了单一赋权的局限,为飞机货舱配载方案的科学评估提供了一种兼具可解释性和实用性的新范式。
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.
文摘近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。
文摘As one of the important phases of language acquisition process, vocabulary acquisition has great impact on one＇s language competence and communication competence. However, there are still some problems in students＇ vocabulary acquisition. This paper first discusses the current problems in vocabulary teaching, and then analyzes some laws in vocabulary acquisition, and at last it discusses the advantages of making use of Internet in vocabulary teaching, which aims to find a possible solution to the problems.
文摘In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Research(Ding et al.,2025),the title was incorrectly presented due to an error during the language polishing process.
文摘The cultural differences between the east and the west are reflected in their own languages. Vocabulary is the basic building material of a language. It is the basic linguistic unit of cultural connotation and message. Through the analysis of the word ＂rose＂, this paper attempts to find the different connotations in Chinese and western cultures. It also tentatively explores the significance of introducing cultural background in foreign language teaching.
