In the Loess Plateau of China,land-use pattern is a major factor in controlling underlying biological processes.Additionally,the process of land-use pattern was accompanied by abandoned lands,potentially impacting soi...In the Loess Plateau of China,land-use pattern is a major factor in controlling underlying biological processes.Additionally,the process of land-use pattern was accompanied by abandoned lands,potentially impacting soil microbe.However,limited researches were conducted to study the impacts of land-use patterns on the diversity and community of soil microorganisms in this area.The study aimed to investigate soil microbial community diversity and composition using high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)sequencing under different land-use patterns(apricot tree land,apple tree land,peach tree land,corn land,and abandoned land).The results showed a substantial difference(P<0.050)in bacterial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between abandoned land and other land-use patterns,with the exception of Shannon index.While fungal beta-diversity was not considerably impacted by land-use patterns,fungal alpha-diversity indices varied significantly.The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota(34.90%),Proteobacteria(20.65%),and Ascomycota(77.42%)varied in soils with different land-use patterns.Soil pH exerted a dominant impact on the soil bacterial communities'composition,whereas soil available phosphorus was the main factor shaping the soil fungal communities'composition.These findings suggest that variations in land-use pattern had resulted in changes to soil properties,subsequently impacting diversity and structure of microbial community in the Loess Plateau.Given the strong interdependence between soil and its microbiota,it is imperative to reclaim abandoned lands to maintain soil fertility and sustain its function,which will have significant ecological service implications,particularly with regards to soil conservation in ecologically vulnerable areas.展开更多
To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and correspo...To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.展开更多
Nowadays, spatial simulation on land use patterns is one of the key contents of LUCC. Modeling is an important tool for simulating land use patterns due to its ability to integrate measurements of changes in land cove...Nowadays, spatial simulation on land use patterns is one of the key contents of LUCC. Modeling is an important tool for simulating land use patterns due to its ability to integrate measurements of changes in land cover and the associated drivers. The conventional regression model can only analyze the correlation between land use types and driving factors but cannot depict the spatial autocorrelation characteristics. Land uses in Yongding County, which is located in the typical karst mountain areas in northwestern Hunan province, were investigated by means of modeling the spatial autocorrelation of land use types with the purpose of deriving better spatial land use patterns on the basis of terrain characteristics and infrastructural conditions. Through incorporating components describing the spatial autocorrelation into a conventional logistic model, we constructed a regression model （Autologistic model）, and used this model to simulate and analyze the spatial land use patterns in Yongding County. According to the comparison with the conventional logistic model without considering the spatial autocorrelation, this model showed better goodness and higher accuracy of fitting. The distribution of arable land, wood land, built-up land and unused land yielded areas under the ROC curves （AUC） was improved to 0.893, 0.940, 0.907 and 0.863 respectively with the autologistic model. It is argued that the improved model based on autologistic method was reasonable to a certain extent. Meanwhile, these analysis results could provide valuable information for modeling future land use change scenarios with actual conditions of local and regional land use, and the probability maps of land use types obtained from this study could also support government decision-making on land use management for Yongding County and other similar areas.展开更多
Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited ...Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains （NSTM） as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oa- sis-and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.展开更多
The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the ...The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by ag- ricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of ground- water recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05×108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spa- tio-temporal hydroecological modeling.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set inco...The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set incorporating innovative fault labels to train a U-Net-structured CNN model,enabling effective identification of small-scale strike-slip faults through seismic data interpretation.Based on the CNN faults,we analyze the distribution patterns of small-scale strike-slip faults.The small-scale strike-slip faults can be categorized into NNW-trending and NE-trending groups with strike lengths ranging 200–5000 m.The development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults in the Lower Yingshan Member notably exceeds that in the Upper Member.The Lower and Upper Yingshan members are two distinct mechanical layers with contrasting brittleness characteristics,separated by a low-brittleness layer.The superior brittleness of the Lower Yingshan Member enhances the development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults compared to the upper member,while the low-brittleness layer exerts restrictive effects on vertical fault propagation.Fracture-vug systems formed by interactions of two or more small-scale strike-slip faults demonstrate larger sizes than those controlled by individual faults.All fracture-vug system sizes show positive correlations with the vertical extents of associated small-scale strike-slip faults,particularly intersection and approaching fracture-vug systems exhibit accelerated size increases proportional to the vertical extents.展开更多
Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guang...Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.展开更多
BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have ...BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.展开更多
Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potentia...Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.展开更多
This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking an...This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.展开更多
Assessment of SDG11.3.1 indicator of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is a valuable tool for policymakers in urban planning.This study aims to enhance the accuracy of the SDG11.3.1 evaluation and ...Assessment of SDG11.3.1 indicator of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is a valuable tool for policymakers in urban planning.This study aims to enhance the accuracy of the SDG11.3.1 evaluation and explore the impact of varying precision levels in urban built-up area on the indicator’s assessment outcomes.We developed an algorithm to generate accurate urban built-up area data products based on China’s Geographical Condition Monitoring data with a 2 m resolution.The study evaluates urban land-use efficiency in China from 2015 to 2020 across different geographical units using both the research product and data derived from other studies utilizing medium and low-resolution imagery.The results indicate:(1)A significant improvement in the accuracy of our urban built-up area data,with the SDG11.3.1 evaluation results demonstrating a more precise reflection of spatiotemporal characteristics.The indicator shows a positive correlation with the accuracy level of the built-up area data;(2)From 2015 to 2020,Chinese prefecture-level cities have undergone faster urbanization in terms of land expansion relative to population growth,leading to less optimal land resource utilization.Only in extra-large cities does urban population growth show a relatively balanced pattern.However,urban popula tion growth in other regions and cities of various sizes lags behind land urbanization.Notably,Northeast China and small to medium cities encounter significant challenges in urban population growth.The comprehensive framework developed for evaluating SDG11.3.1 with high-precision urban built-up area data can be adapted to different national regions,yielding more accurate SDG11.3.1 outcomes.Our urban area and built-up area data products provide crucial inputs for calculating at least four indicators related to SDG11.展开更多
During horizontal well drilling,the interaction between drilling fluid and cuttings entering the annulus generates diverse flow patterns.These solid-liquid two-phase flow patterns must be accurately predicted to optim...During horizontal well drilling,the interaction between drilling fluid and cuttings entering the annulus generates diverse flow patterns.These solid-liquid two-phase flow patterns must be accurately predicted to optimize the determination of hydraulic parameters and improve the efficiency of cuttings transport.Accordingly,this study identified flow patterns and conducted transition experiments under different inclination angles using a visualized wellbore annulus apparatus(120 mm outer diameter/73 mm inner diameter).Through direct visual observations,four primary flow patterns were systematically classified on the basis of the solid-liquid two-phase flow behaviors identified in the experiments:stable bed(SB),sand wave(SW),sand dune(SD),and bed load(BL)flows.The experimental data were then used to construct flow pattern maps with solid/liquid phases as axes,after which the transition boundaries between different flow patterns were established.The morphological characteristics and transition mechanisms of SB,SW,SD,and BL flows were systematically analyzed to develop three predictive models of the fluid dynamics principles governing these flow patterns’transitions:(1)A transition boundary model of SB and SW flows was established using Kelvin-Helmholtz stability,for which a stability analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in deviated and horizontal annuli was carried out.(2)A transition boundary model of SW and SD flows was constructed through an analysis of the geometric features of sand waves in the annuli,with the critical ratio of the average height of a cuttings bed to its height after erosion being 0.45.(3)A traditional critical velocity model was refined by adjusting the von Karman constant to account for the effect of solid volume concentration,yielding a boundary model for the transition of SW or SD flow into BL flow.All the models were experimentally validated.Finally,we integrated the models to develop a unified method for identifying and classifying the patterns typifying solid-liquid two-phase flow in deviated and horizontal annuli.展开更多
In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang...In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware has given strong vitality to the film&TV programs.This paper is intended to compile and understand the cultural value and artistic features of the patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware as well as its value in the traditional pattern application.It provides certain references regarding the role of film&TV styling in the inheritance and application of traditional patterns,if we analyze the cognition and status quo of the Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware patterns in the contemporary film&TV styling,and if we go deep into its artistic value and its application within such makeup design and identify the problems and laws in current design cases.Such analysis also provides a way of thinking for the application of traditional patterns in current film&TV costume design.展开更多
In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by th...In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by the presence of two typhoons and substantial water transport into Henan.However,a favorable synoptic pattern only does not guarantee the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Henan.This study investigates the key environmental features critical for EP under similar synoptic patterns to the 2021 Henan extreme event.It is found that cold clouds are better aggregated on EP days,accompanied by beneficial environment features like enhanced moisture conditions,stronger updrafts,and greater atmospheric instability.The temporal evolution of these environmental features shows a leading signal by one to three days.These results suggest the importance of combining the synoptic pattern and environmental features in the forecasting of heavy precipitation events.展开更多
Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has ...Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.展开更多
This study analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of forest fires in Liangshan Prefecture based on fire data from 2016 to 2024 using statistical methods.The results indicate:1)From 2016 to 2024,fores...This study analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of forest fires in Liangshan Prefecture based on fire data from 2016 to 2024 using statistical methods.The results indicate:1)From 2016 to 2024,forest fires in Liangshan Prefecture occurred predominantly between January and May(140 incidents),accounting for 97.90%of the total.March recorded the highest number of fires(48 incidents),representing 33.57%.Within a 24-hour period,113 fires occurred between 12:00 PM and 9:00 PM,constituting 79.02%of all incidents.2)Spatially,Mianning County recorded the highest number of forest fires(28 incidents,19.58%),followed by Xichang,Muli,and Yanyuan with 22,23,and 20 incidents,respectively.Human activities,particularly agricultural burning,outdoor smoking,and other causes,were the dominant factors,collectively accounting for 41%of incidents.3)Forest fires predominantly occurred at elevations between 1500 and 3000 meters(132 fires,92.31%),on slopes with gradients of 5-25 degrees(81 fires,56.65%),on west-facing aspects(northwest,west,southwest)(72 fires,53.14%),in areas with NDVI values between 0.51 and 0.8(79 incidents,55.24%),within 500-2000 m residential buffer zones(151 incidents,98.60%),and within 500 m road buffer zones(103 incidents,72.03%).4)Among meteorological factors,the 20-day average temperature(0.3041),80-day maximum temperature(0.3487),20-day minimum temperature(0.2594),20-day minimum relative humidity(−0.3132),70-day maximum wind speed(0.1885),and 70-day peak wind speed(0.1965)showed the strongest correlations with forest fire burned area.Burned area also exhibited a positive correlation with the Meteorological Drought Index(MCI)on the day of the fire(0.1990).This study confirms the lagged and persistent effects of meteorological factors on forest fire occurrence,providing key scientific evidence for constructing regional fire prediction models that integrate multi-scale meteorological indicators.展开更多
Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ...Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ecological resilience(ER)and economic level(EL)of development,which poses a notable social threat.Currently,the link between ER and EL in China remains unclear,especially in terms of spatial dislocation(SD),referring to the disconnect between the locations where environmental impacts occur and those where economic benefits or activities are concentrated.Therefore,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and an empirical basis for policy-based solutions to address this gap.Based on the SD theory,this study systematically discusses the temporal changes,spatial patterns,and SD characteristics of China’s ER and EL using spatial auto-correlation and barycentric analysis to analyze data from 30 provinces covering the period 2011-2021.The key results are as follows.China’s ER shows a general trend of growth;however,its distribution is uneven.The spatial pattern generally decreases from the southeastern coastal provinces to the northwest.Moreover,a gradually increasing positive correlation is observed between the ER and EL,but this correlation varies by region,with some showing regional linkages and others developing independently.Finally,the dislocation index of ER and EL presents divergent results based on region-the eastern and central regions primarily show a high level of dislocation,whereas the western and northeastern regions show a low level of dislocation.The results provide a comprehensive overview of the spatiotemporal patterns in the association between ER and EL in China.The results emphasize that to balance sustainable regional development and ecological governance,a region-specific approach must be employed,prioritizing innovation-driven strategies for high ER in more developed regions and market-oriented strategies in less developed regions.展开更多
Global climate warming has placed immense pressure on the ecological environment worldwide,and the ecological issues affecting the quality of the living environment have garnered widespread attention.In this context,t...Global climate warming has placed immense pressure on the ecological environment worldwide,and the ecological issues affecting the quality of the living environment have garnered widespread attention.In this context,the question of“how to effectively optimize regional ecological network patterns”has become one of the critical issues that urban and rural planning and ecological geography need to address.This study takes Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,as the research area,and uses a combination of landscape type transition matrices and landscape pattern indices to analyze the evolution characteristics of green space landscape patterns from 2017 to 2022.Through geographical detectors and GBDT(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree)algorithms,the study explores the driving factors behind the changes in green space landscape patterns.Based on MSPA(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis),key ecological sources in Huzhou are extracted.Using a combination of resistance surfaces and gravity models,ecological corridors and networks are constructed.The study also provides suggestions for the evaluation and optimization of ecological network patterns.The aim is to summarize generalizable patterns of green space landscape evolution and methods for constructing and optimizing regional ecological corridor networks,offering insights and references for the improvement of the living environment and the construction of ecological civilization.展开更多
Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and m...Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and microphysical processes associated with rainfall usually exhibit different characteristics under different synoptic patterns.In this study,an objective classification method is used to categorize the synoptic patterns that affect heavy rainfall(daily rainfall amounts>10 mm)in Mêdog into four patterns:southwest airflow(SWA),southern-branch trough(SBT),intense baroclinicity(IBC),and terrain-forced precipitation(TFP).SWA occurs most frequently(approximately 70%)with a mean daily rainfall of~22 mm,while TFP has the lowest occurrence frequency(7.7%)but the highest mean daily rainfall(29 mm).Both SBT and IBC exhibit occurrence frequencies around 12%.Among these patterns,the SWA pattern predominantly occurs during the monsoon season with abundant moisture and the lowest concentration of small raindrops.In contrast,the TFP pattern exhibits the highest concentration of large raindrops and the widest DSD spectrum,which can be attributed to the frequent convective activities in this area.As a result,compared with those of the other three synoptic patterns,the TFP pattern exhibits a larger mass-weighted mean diameter(D_(m))and higher rain rate(R).For stratiform rainfall,the difference in D_(m)among the four synoptic patterns can be neglected.The largest(smallest)average lgNW-value is observed in the SWA(IBC)pattern.Regarding convective rainfall,IBC dominated by northerly cold air exhibits mixed-phase processes characterized by larger raindrops and lower concentrations,resembling continental-like rainfall.In contrast,SWA occurring in monsoon season shows high concentrations of small raindrops,deeming it similar to maritime-like rainfall.In terms of the derived relationships,there are significant differences in the D_(m)-R andμ-Λrelationships among the four synoptic patterns.In addition,the diurnal variation in the DSD is analyzed in terms of the four synoptic patterns.These findings can improve the understanding of the microphysical processes of heavy rainfall events under different synoptic patterns and provide a reference for microphysical parameterizations of numerical models.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Gansu Province,China(23ZDKA017).
文摘In the Loess Plateau of China,land-use pattern is a major factor in controlling underlying biological processes.Additionally,the process of land-use pattern was accompanied by abandoned lands,potentially impacting soil microbe.However,limited researches were conducted to study the impacts of land-use patterns on the diversity and community of soil microorganisms in this area.The study aimed to investigate soil microbial community diversity and composition using high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)sequencing under different land-use patterns(apricot tree land,apple tree land,peach tree land,corn land,and abandoned land).The results showed a substantial difference(P<0.050)in bacterial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between abandoned land and other land-use patterns,with the exception of Shannon index.While fungal beta-diversity was not considerably impacted by land-use patterns,fungal alpha-diversity indices varied significantly.The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota(34.90%),Proteobacteria(20.65%),and Ascomycota(77.42%)varied in soils with different land-use patterns.Soil pH exerted a dominant impact on the soil bacterial communities'composition,whereas soil available phosphorus was the main factor shaping the soil fungal communities'composition.These findings suggest that variations in land-use pattern had resulted in changes to soil properties,subsequently impacting diversity and structure of microbial community in the Loess Plateau.Given the strong interdependence between soil and its microbiota,it is imperative to reclaim abandoned lands to maintain soil fertility and sustain its function,which will have significant ecological service implications,particularly with regards to soil conservation in ecologically vulnerable areas.
基金supported by Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2023KFKTB001)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)+2 种基金the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of IGGE(AS2023D01)the projects of the China Geological Survey(DD20230309 and DD20190305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002105)。
文摘To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.
基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, No.2008AA12Z106 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801166 No.40771198
文摘Nowadays, spatial simulation on land use patterns is one of the key contents of LUCC. Modeling is an important tool for simulating land use patterns due to its ability to integrate measurements of changes in land cover and the associated drivers. The conventional regression model can only analyze the correlation between land use types and driving factors but cannot depict the spatial autocorrelation characteristics. Land uses in Yongding County, which is located in the typical karst mountain areas in northwestern Hunan province, were investigated by means of modeling the spatial autocorrelation of land use types with the purpose of deriving better spatial land use patterns on the basis of terrain characteristics and infrastructural conditions. Through incorporating components describing the spatial autocorrelation into a conventional logistic model, we constructed a regression model （Autologistic model）, and used this model to simulate and analyze the spatial land use patterns in Yongding County. According to the comparison with the conventional logistic model without considering the spatial autocorrelation, this model showed better goodness and higher accuracy of fitting. The distribution of arable land, wood land, built-up land and unused land yielded areas under the ROC curves （AUC） was improved to 0.893, 0.940, 0.907 and 0.863 respectively with the autologistic model. It is argued that the improved model based on autologistic method was reasonable to a certain extent. Meanwhile, these analysis results could provide valuable information for modeling future land use change scenarios with actual conditions of local and regional land use, and the probability maps of land use types obtained from this study could also support government decision-making on land use management for Yongding County and other similar areas.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2009CB825105National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40671015
文摘Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains （NSTM） as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oa- sis-and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.
文摘The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by ag- ricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of ground- water recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05×108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spa- tio-temporal hydroecological modeling.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21B2062).
文摘The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set incorporating innovative fault labels to train a U-Net-structured CNN model,enabling effective identification of small-scale strike-slip faults through seismic data interpretation.Based on the CNN faults,we analyze the distribution patterns of small-scale strike-slip faults.The small-scale strike-slip faults can be categorized into NNW-trending and NE-trending groups with strike lengths ranging 200–5000 m.The development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults in the Lower Yingshan Member notably exceeds that in the Upper Member.The Lower and Upper Yingshan members are two distinct mechanical layers with contrasting brittleness characteristics,separated by a low-brittleness layer.The superior brittleness of the Lower Yingshan Member enhances the development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults compared to the upper member,while the low-brittleness layer exerts restrictive effects on vertical fault propagation.Fracture-vug systems formed by interactions of two or more small-scale strike-slip faults demonstrate larger sizes than those controlled by individual faults.All fracture-vug system sizes show positive correlations with the vertical extents of associated small-scale strike-slip faults,particularly intersection and approaching fracture-vug systems exhibit accelerated size increases proportional to the vertical extents.
基金National Social Science Foundation Program,No.22VRC163National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42061043+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX24_1008Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCSW2024473。
文摘Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.
文摘BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.
文摘Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52268008)。
文摘This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.
基金funded by the National Key Research and De-velopment Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3804001)the Natural Resources Planning and Management Project(Grant No.A2417,A2418)the Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Central Public Wel-fare Research Institutes(Grant No.AR2409).
文摘Assessment of SDG11.3.1 indicator of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is a valuable tool for policymakers in urban planning.This study aims to enhance the accuracy of the SDG11.3.1 evaluation and explore the impact of varying precision levels in urban built-up area on the indicator’s assessment outcomes.We developed an algorithm to generate accurate urban built-up area data products based on China’s Geographical Condition Monitoring data with a 2 m resolution.The study evaluates urban land-use efficiency in China from 2015 to 2020 across different geographical units using both the research product and data derived from other studies utilizing medium and low-resolution imagery.The results indicate:(1)A significant improvement in the accuracy of our urban built-up area data,with the SDG11.3.1 evaluation results demonstrating a more precise reflection of spatiotemporal characteristics.The indicator shows a positive correlation with the accuracy level of the built-up area data;(2)From 2015 to 2020,Chinese prefecture-level cities have undergone faster urbanization in terms of land expansion relative to population growth,leading to less optimal land resource utilization.Only in extra-large cities does urban population growth show a relatively balanced pattern.However,urban popula tion growth in other regions and cities of various sizes lags behind land urbanization.Notably,Northeast China and small to medium cities encounter significant challenges in urban population growth.The comprehensive framework developed for evaluating SDG11.3.1 with high-precision urban built-up area data can be adapted to different national regions,yielding more accurate SDG11.3.1 outcomes.Our urban area and built-up area data products provide crucial inputs for calculating at least four indicators related to SDG11.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174002&52204008)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LH2022E020).
文摘During horizontal well drilling,the interaction between drilling fluid and cuttings entering the annulus generates diverse flow patterns.These solid-liquid two-phase flow patterns must be accurately predicted to optimize the determination of hydraulic parameters and improve the efficiency of cuttings transport.Accordingly,this study identified flow patterns and conducted transition experiments under different inclination angles using a visualized wellbore annulus apparatus(120 mm outer diameter/73 mm inner diameter).Through direct visual observations,four primary flow patterns were systematically classified on the basis of the solid-liquid two-phase flow behaviors identified in the experiments:stable bed(SB),sand wave(SW),sand dune(SD),and bed load(BL)flows.The experimental data were then used to construct flow pattern maps with solid/liquid phases as axes,after which the transition boundaries between different flow patterns were established.The morphological characteristics and transition mechanisms of SB,SW,SD,and BL flows were systematically analyzed to develop three predictive models of the fluid dynamics principles governing these flow patterns’transitions:(1)A transition boundary model of SB and SW flows was established using Kelvin-Helmholtz stability,for which a stability analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in deviated and horizontal annuli was carried out.(2)A transition boundary model of SW and SD flows was constructed through an analysis of the geometric features of sand waves in the annuli,with the critical ratio of the average height of a cuttings bed to its height after erosion being 0.45.(3)A traditional critical velocity model was refined by adjusting the von Karman constant to account for the effect of solid volume concentration,yielding a boundary model for the transition of SW or SD flow into BL flow.All the models were experimentally validated.Finally,we integrated the models to develop a unified method for identifying and classifying the patterns typifying solid-liquid two-phase flow in deviated and horizontal annuli.
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Reform Program,Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology.
文摘In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware has given strong vitality to the film&TV programs.This paper is intended to compile and understand the cultural value and artistic features of the patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware as well as its value in the traditional pattern application.It provides certain references regarding the role of film&TV styling in the inheritance and application of traditional patterns,if we analyze the cognition and status quo of the Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware patterns in the contemporary film&TV styling,and if we go deep into its artistic value and its application within such makeup design and identify the problems and laws in current design cases.Such analysis also provides a way of thinking for the application of traditional patterns in current film&TV costume design.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003902)the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42075146 and 42275006).
文摘In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by the presence of two typhoons and substantial water transport into Henan.However,a favorable synoptic pattern only does not guarantee the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Henan.This study investigates the key environmental features critical for EP under similar synoptic patterns to the 2021 Henan extreme event.It is found that cold clouds are better aggregated on EP days,accompanied by beneficial environment features like enhanced moisture conditions,stronger updrafts,and greater atmospheric instability.The temporal evolution of these environmental features shows a leading signal by one to three days.These results suggest the importance of combining the synoptic pattern and environmental features in the forecasting of heavy precipitation events.
基金the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment for providing financial assistance through the National Mission on Himalayan Studies (GAP-0199)
文摘Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.
基金supported by the 2024 Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province[grant number 2024YFTX0016]the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program[grant number S202510621001].
文摘This study analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of forest fires in Liangshan Prefecture based on fire data from 2016 to 2024 using statistical methods.The results indicate:1)From 2016 to 2024,forest fires in Liangshan Prefecture occurred predominantly between January and May(140 incidents),accounting for 97.90%of the total.March recorded the highest number of fires(48 incidents),representing 33.57%.Within a 24-hour period,113 fires occurred between 12:00 PM and 9:00 PM,constituting 79.02%of all incidents.2)Spatially,Mianning County recorded the highest number of forest fires(28 incidents,19.58%),followed by Xichang,Muli,and Yanyuan with 22,23,and 20 incidents,respectively.Human activities,particularly agricultural burning,outdoor smoking,and other causes,were the dominant factors,collectively accounting for 41%of incidents.3)Forest fires predominantly occurred at elevations between 1500 and 3000 meters(132 fires,92.31%),on slopes with gradients of 5-25 degrees(81 fires,56.65%),on west-facing aspects(northwest,west,southwest)(72 fires,53.14%),in areas with NDVI values between 0.51 and 0.8(79 incidents,55.24%),within 500-2000 m residential buffer zones(151 incidents,98.60%),and within 500 m road buffer zones(103 incidents,72.03%).4)Among meteorological factors,the 20-day average temperature(0.3041),80-day maximum temperature(0.3487),20-day minimum temperature(0.2594),20-day minimum relative humidity(−0.3132),70-day maximum wind speed(0.1885),and 70-day peak wind speed(0.1965)showed the strongest correlations with forest fire burned area.Burned area also exhibited a positive correlation with the Meteorological Drought Index(MCI)on the day of the fire(0.1990).This study confirms the lagged and persistent effects of meteorological factors on forest fire occurrence,providing key scientific evidence for constructing regional fire prediction models that integrate multi-scale meteorological indicators.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71963030]a subproject of China’s third comprehensive scientific expedition to Xinjiang[Grant No.SQ2021xjkk01800]+1 种基金a major science and technology project in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[Grant No.2022A01003]a scientific research innovation project for excellent doctoral students of Xinjiang University[Grant No.XJU2022BS010].
文摘Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ecological resilience(ER)and economic level(EL)of development,which poses a notable social threat.Currently,the link between ER and EL in China remains unclear,especially in terms of spatial dislocation(SD),referring to the disconnect between the locations where environmental impacts occur and those where economic benefits or activities are concentrated.Therefore,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and an empirical basis for policy-based solutions to address this gap.Based on the SD theory,this study systematically discusses the temporal changes,spatial patterns,and SD characteristics of China’s ER and EL using spatial auto-correlation and barycentric analysis to analyze data from 30 provinces covering the period 2011-2021.The key results are as follows.China’s ER shows a general trend of growth;however,its distribution is uneven.The spatial pattern generally decreases from the southeastern coastal provinces to the northwest.Moreover,a gradually increasing positive correlation is observed between the ER and EL,but this correlation varies by region,with some showing regional linkages and others developing independently.Finally,the dislocation index of ER and EL presents divergent results based on region-the eastern and central regions primarily show a high level of dislocation,whereas the western and northeastern regions show a low level of dislocation.The results provide a comprehensive overview of the spatiotemporal patterns in the association between ER and EL in China.The results emphasize that to balance sustainable regional development and ecological governance,a region-specific approach must be employed,prioritizing innovation-driven strategies for high ER in more developed regions and market-oriented strategies in less developed regions.
基金Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(24&ZD148).
文摘Global climate warming has placed immense pressure on the ecological environment worldwide,and the ecological issues affecting the quality of the living environment have garnered widespread attention.In this context,the question of“how to effectively optimize regional ecological network patterns”has become one of the critical issues that urban and rural planning and ecological geography need to address.This study takes Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,as the research area,and uses a combination of landscape type transition matrices and landscape pattern indices to analyze the evolution characteristics of green space landscape patterns from 2017 to 2022.Through geographical detectors and GBDT(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree)algorithms,the study explores the driving factors behind the changes in green space landscape patterns.Based on MSPA(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis),key ecological sources in Huzhou are extracted.Using a combination of resistance surfaces and gravity models,ecological corridors and networks are constructed.The study also provides suggestions for the evaluation and optimization of ecological network patterns.The aim is to summarize generalizable patterns of green space landscape evolution and methods for constructing and optimizing regional ecological corridor networks,offering insights and references for the improvement of the living environment and the construction of ecological civilization.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program,Grant No.2019QZKK0105Basic Research Fund of CAMS(2023Z009)Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ041).
文摘Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and microphysical processes associated with rainfall usually exhibit different characteristics under different synoptic patterns.In this study,an objective classification method is used to categorize the synoptic patterns that affect heavy rainfall(daily rainfall amounts>10 mm)in Mêdog into four patterns:southwest airflow(SWA),southern-branch trough(SBT),intense baroclinicity(IBC),and terrain-forced precipitation(TFP).SWA occurs most frequently(approximately 70%)with a mean daily rainfall of~22 mm,while TFP has the lowest occurrence frequency(7.7%)but the highest mean daily rainfall(29 mm).Both SBT and IBC exhibit occurrence frequencies around 12%.Among these patterns,the SWA pattern predominantly occurs during the monsoon season with abundant moisture and the lowest concentration of small raindrops.In contrast,the TFP pattern exhibits the highest concentration of large raindrops and the widest DSD spectrum,which can be attributed to the frequent convective activities in this area.As a result,compared with those of the other three synoptic patterns,the TFP pattern exhibits a larger mass-weighted mean diameter(D_(m))and higher rain rate(R).For stratiform rainfall,the difference in D_(m)among the four synoptic patterns can be neglected.The largest(smallest)average lgNW-value is observed in the SWA(IBC)pattern.Regarding convective rainfall,IBC dominated by northerly cold air exhibits mixed-phase processes characterized by larger raindrops and lower concentrations,resembling continental-like rainfall.In contrast,SWA occurring in monsoon season shows high concentrations of small raindrops,deeming it similar to maritime-like rainfall.In terms of the derived relationships,there are significant differences in the D_(m)-R andμ-Λrelationships among the four synoptic patterns.In addition,the diurnal variation in the DSD is analyzed in terms of the four synoptic patterns.These findings can improve the understanding of the microphysical processes of heavy rainfall events under different synoptic patterns and provide a reference for microphysical parameterizations of numerical models.
