We study topological properties of the one-dimensional Creutz ladder model with different non-Hermitian asymmetric hoppings and on-site imaginary potentials,and obtain phase diagrams regarding the presence and absence...We study topological properties of the one-dimensional Creutz ladder model with different non-Hermitian asymmetric hoppings and on-site imaginary potentials,and obtain phase diagrams regarding the presence and absence of an energy gap and in-gap edge modes.The non-Hermitian skin effect(NHSE),which is known to break the bulk-boundary correspondence(BBC),emerges in the system only when the non-Hermiticity induces certain unbalanced non-reciprocity along the ladder.The topological properties of the model are found to be more sophisticated than that of its Hermitian counterpart,whether with or without the NHSE.In one scenario without the NHSE,the topological winding is found to exist in a two-dimensional plane embedded in a four-dimensional space of the complex Hamiltonian vector.The NHSE itself also possesses some unusual behaviors in this system,including a high spectral winding without the presence of long-range hoppings,and a competition between two types of the NHSE,with the same and opposite inverse localization lengths for the two bands,respectively.Furthermore,it is found that the NHSE in this model does not always break the conventional BBC,which is also associated with whether the band gap closes at exceptional points under the periodic boundary condition.展开更多
The genus distribution of a graph is a polynomial whose coefficients are the partition of the number of embeddings with respect to the genera. In this paper, the genus distribution of Mobius ladders is provided which ...The genus distribution of a graph is a polynomial whose coefficients are the partition of the number of embeddings with respect to the genera. In this paper, the genus distribution of Mobius ladders is provided which is an infinite class of 3-connected simple graphs.展开更多
By applying Bogoliubov's ineguality to double-exchange(DE) ladders, we show that the ferromagnetic(FM) order is absent in the new DE systems at finite temperatures. The incorporation of Jahn-Teller electron-phonon...By applying Bogoliubov's ineguality to double-exchange(DE) ladders, we show that the ferromagnetic(FM) order is absent in the new DE systems at finite temperatures. The incorporation of Jahn-Teller electron-phonon coupling, orbital degeneracy and on-site Coulomb interaction with the DE interaction do not preserve these orders. The long-wavelength thermal fluctuations of the spins oversome the DEFM correlation and destroy the FM orders. The implication of the absence of FM order on the transport of the DE ladders is discussed.展开更多
The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474...The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474（5）, b = 11.7566（2）, c = 19.5380（6）A, β = 92.930（2）°, V = 3084.84（16） A^3, Z = 4, Cu2C28N409H30, Mr = 693.64, Dc = 1.494 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1424 and μ（MoKα） = 1.436 mm^-1. With the use of 2062 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））, the structure was refined to R = 0.0769 and wR = 0.2154. In complex 1, the dimeric copper acetate units are linked through 4,4’-bipyridine to yield ID molecular ladders. These ladders are connected via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to generate 2D layers, which are further linked through C-H…O hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular network.展开更多
The decade-persistent Hubble tension has become a 5σcrisis of modern cosmology between the early-Universe extrapolation from globally fitting the standardΛCDM to Planck-CMB measurements and the late-Universe measure...The decade-persistent Hubble tension has become a 5σcrisis of modern cosmology between the early-Universe extrapolation from globally fitting the standardΛCDM to Planck-CMB measurements and the late-Universe measurement from the three-rung distance ladder with SH0ES calibration.Regarding the current dilemma of theoretical resolutions,recent focus has shifted to systematics inspection.Here we find an associated 5σtension in the intercept of the supernova magnitude-redshift relation between the second-rung and third-rung supernovae from the Pantheon Plus compilation independent of calibrations in use.As required by the consistency of the distance-ladder method,we propose a method to eliminate the intercept tension,directly constraining H_(0)=73.4±1.0 km^(-1)s^(-1)Mpc^(-1)from the first two-rung distance ladder alone without referring to the third-rung supernovae but still consistent with both SH0ES typical three-rung and first two-rung constraints,which not only supports our method to rebuild the intercept consistency but also rules out third-rung supernova systematics including the late-time transition in supernova absolute magnitude.Further crosschecking with the Carnegie Supernova Project revealed that different calibrators alone still consistently prefer our results.Therefore,the original Hubble tension between the Planck-CMB measurements and SH0ES three-rung distance ladder can be narrowed down to a tension between the Planck-CMB and the first two-rung measurements.展开更多
There are many results on the flexibility of(general)embeddings of graphs,but few are known about that of strong embeddings.In this paper,we study the flexibility of strong embeddings of circular and Mbius ladders on ...There are many results on the flexibility of(general)embeddings of graphs,but few are known about that of strong embeddings.In this paper,we study the flexibility of strong embeddings of circular and Mbius ladders on the projective plane and the Klein bottle by using the joint tree model of embeddings.The numbers of(nonequivalent)general embeddings and strong embeddings of circular and Mbius ladders on these two nonorientable surfaces are obtained,respectively.And the structures of those strong embeddings are described.展开更多
To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that ...To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.展开更多
Gluing techniques with respect to a recollement have long been studied. Recently, ladders of recollements of abelian categories were introduced as important tools. In this paper, we present explicit constructions of g...Gluing techniques with respect to a recollement have long been studied. Recently, ladders of recollements of abelian categories were introduced as important tools. In this paper, we present explicit constructions of gluing support τ-tilting modules via symmetric ladders of height two. Moreover, we apply the result to triangular matrix algebras to give a detailed version of the known Jasso's reduction and study maximal green sequences.展开更多
The problem of a band electron in a crystal with alternating hoppings is investigated in the presence of a uniform electric field.Exact solutions for the energy spectrum and the wave functions are obtained with the he...The problem of a band electron in a crystal with alternating hoppings is investigated in the presence of a uniform electric field.Exact solutions for the energy spectrum and the wave functions are obtained with the help of SU(2) symmetry.It is found that the energy spectrum contains all orders of the reciprocal of the applied electric field besides the usual Stark ladders.A theoretical analysis shows that in the weak field regime,such nonlinear terms will dominate the localization behavior of the band electron.Only in the strong field regime am the Wannie-Stark localization be observed manifestly.The onset magnitude of the electric field strength for the occurrence of the Wannie-Stark localization is about 2×105V/m for common semiconductor superlattices,which is consistent with experimental observations.展开更多
Entanglement constitutes one of the key concepts in quantum mechanics and serves as an indispensable tool in the understanding of quantum many-body systems.In this work,we perform extensive numerical investigations of...Entanglement constitutes one of the key concepts in quantum mechanics and serves as an indispensable tool in the understanding of quantum many-body systems.In this work,we perform extensive numerical investigations of extensive entanglement properties of coupled quantum spin chains.This setup has proven useful for e.g.extending the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem to open systems,and contrasts the majority of previous research where the entanglement cut has one lower dimension than the system.We focus on the cases where the entanglement Hamiltonian is either gapless or exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking behavior.We further employ conformal field theoretical formulae to identify the universal behavior in the former case.The results in our work can serve as a paradigmatic starting point for more systematic exploration of the largely uncharted physics of extensive entanglement,both analytical and numerical.展开更多
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of cell death, is being considered for new clinical treatments of malignant tumors that are difficult to treat with apoptosis inducers. Although several reports have attempted to in...Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of cell death, is being considered for new clinical treatments of malignant tumors that are difficult to treat with apoptosis inducers. Although several reports have attempted to increase the sensitivity of cells to cell death by combining ferroptosis and apoptosis inducers using a single treatment, detailed elucidation of the respective mechanisms of ferroptosis and apoptosis during cell death remains unclear. Here, we evaluated combined treatment effectiveness using the apoptosis-sensitive rat insulinoma INS-1 cell lines. DNA laddering, an indicator of camptothecin (CPT)-induced apoptosis, was abolished by adding RSL3 and ML-162, but not erastin. We found that when the cells were treated with the apoptosis inducer CPT or the ferroptosis inducer RSL3, respectively, the degree of cytotoxicity observed increased dose-dependently. However, a combined CPT and RSL3 treatment did not show a synergistic decrease in cell viability. Camptothecin did not significantly affect increases in intracellular lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species or increases in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic free iron levels that were induced by treatment with RSL3 alone. Moreover, deferoxamine and α-tocopherol were found to inhibit RSL3-induced cytotoxicity but did not protect against CPT or CPT and RSL3-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, the exogenous addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide inhibited DNA ladder formation that is induced by CPT, while the addition of hydrogen peroxide or ferrous ammonium sulfate had no effect. Taken together, these results suggest that lipid peroxides generated during ferroptosis may suppress cell death induced by apoptotic mechanisms.展开更多
We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Cons...We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Consequently,we identify the super-vortical lattice,as well as the inner-Meissner phase,which presents Meissner currents just along the intimal legs within the flux ladder.The staggered-current phase is also allowed,with its formation condition altered because of the four-leg construction.The number of legs on the flux ladder can make an effect.展开更多
Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their u...Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their unique double-chain structure and intrinsic microporosity,offer remarkable advantages in terms of thermal stability,oxidation resistance,and dielectric performance.However,structural defects in ladder polysiloxanes,such as cage-like and irregular oligomers,and their effects on dielectric properties remain underexplored.In this study,a series of ladder-like polysiloxanes(X-TMS)with diverse side groups weresynthesized via a one-step base-catalyzed method.The influence of the benzocyclobutene(BCB)side groups on the formation of regular ladder structures was systematically investigated.Notably,BCB incorporation disrupted the structural regularity,favoring the formation of cage-like and irregular topologies,which were extensively characterized using 29silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(29)Si-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).These structural defects were beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and thermal stability.Copolymerization of X-TMS with commercial DVS-BCB resins further enhanced the mechanical properties,with the elastic modulus increasing from 3.6 GPa to 4.4 GPa and water absorption reduced from 0.33 wt%to 0.06 wt%.This study establishes a clear correlation between topological structures and material properties.These findings not only advance the understanding of the structure-property relationships in ladder polysiloxanes but also provide a novel approach for designing high-performance interlayer dielectric materials for next-generation microelectronics.展开更多
We studied the dynamic correlations of non-integrable systems with quantum many-body scar(QMBS)states generated by a ladder operator.The ladder operator's spectral function has an exact δ-function peak induced by...We studied the dynamic correlations of non-integrable systems with quantum many-body scar(QMBS)states generated by a ladder operator.The ladder operator's spectral function has an exact δ-function peak induced by the QMBS states.As a concrete example,we show that in the one-dimensional(1D)spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model,the spectral function of two-magnon excitations exhibits a characteristic bowtie shape composed of aδ-function resonance peak at momentum k=π and a continuum spectrum elsewhere.The two-magnon excitations can be observed via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy on quasi-1D nickelates and other spin-1 antiferromagnetic materials.Therefore,the findings of this study pave the way for detecting(approximate)QMBS states in realistic materials.展开更多
I.I want to go to junior middle school,One morning,Wood brings a ladder to school.Mike is surprised and asks,"Why do you bring a ladder to school,Wood?"Wood smiles and says,"Because I want to go to juni...I.I want to go to junior middle school,One morning,Wood brings a ladder to school.Mike is surprised and asks,"Why do you bring a ladder to school,Wood?"Wood smiles and says,"Because I want to go to junior middle school."展开更多
Send us your photographs and let us know what lies behind them at contacts@chinafrica.cnHighline Challenge Competitors race on slacklines at the Yellow River Ladder Cliffs Scenic Area in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province,on 16...Send us your photographs and let us know what lies behind them at contacts@chinafrica.cnHighline Challenge Competitors race on slacklines at the Yellow River Ladder Cliffs Scenic Area in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province,on 16 September.After fierce competition,Chinese athlete He Jinyi won the 100-metre sprint title.SOURCE:VCG。展开更多
Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-...Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.展开更多
文摘We study topological properties of the one-dimensional Creutz ladder model with different non-Hermitian asymmetric hoppings and on-site imaginary potentials,and obtain phase diagrams regarding the presence and absence of an energy gap and in-gap edge modes.The non-Hermitian skin effect(NHSE),which is known to break the bulk-boundary correspondence(BBC),emerges in the system only when the non-Hermiticity induces certain unbalanced non-reciprocity along the ladder.The topological properties of the model are found to be more sophisticated than that of its Hermitian counterpart,whether with or without the NHSE.In one scenario without the NHSE,the topological winding is found to exist in a two-dimensional plane embedded in a four-dimensional space of the complex Hamiltonian vector.The NHSE itself also possesses some unusual behaviors in this system,including a high spectral winding without the presence of long-range hoppings,and a competition between two types of the NHSE,with the same and opposite inverse localization lengths for the two bands,respectively.Furthermore,it is found that the NHSE in this model does not always break the conventional BBC,which is also associated with whether the band gap closes at exceptional points under the periodic boundary condition.
基金The NSF (10201022) of China NSF (1012003) of Beijing City.
文摘The genus distribution of a graph is a polynomial whose coefficients are the partition of the number of embeddings with respect to the genera. In this paper, the genus distribution of Mobius ladders is provided which is an infinite class of 3-connected simple graphs.
基金Supported by the Pandeng Projectthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19677202the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘By applying Bogoliubov's ineguality to double-exchange(DE) ladders, we show that the ferromagnetic(FM) order is absent in the new DE systems at finite temperatures. The incorporation of Jahn-Teller electron-phonon coupling, orbital degeneracy and on-site Coulomb interaction with the DE interaction do not preserve these orders. The long-wavelength thermal fluctuations of the spins oversome the DEFM correlation and destroy the FM orders. The implication of the absence of FM order on the transport of the DE ladders is discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
文摘The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474（5）, b = 11.7566（2）, c = 19.5380（6）A, β = 92.930（2）°, V = 3084.84（16） A^3, Z = 4, Cu2C28N409H30, Mr = 693.64, Dc = 1.494 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1424 and μ（MoKα） = 1.436 mm^-1. With the use of 2062 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））, the structure was refined to R = 0.0769 and wR = 0.2154. In complex 1, the dimeric copper acetate units are linked through 4,4’-bipyridine to yield ID molecular ladders. These ladders are connected via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to generate 2D layers, which are further linked through C-H…O hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular network.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA0718304,2021YFC2203004,and 2020YFC2201501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12422502,12105344,12235019,12047503,12073088,11821505,11991052,and 11947302)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant Nos.XDB23030100,and XDA15020701)the Key Research Program of the CAS(Grant No.XDPB15)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CASthe Science Research Grants from the China Manned Space Project(Grant No.CMS-CSST-2021-B01)(supported by China Manned Space Program through its Space Application System)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20232774)。
文摘The decade-persistent Hubble tension has become a 5σcrisis of modern cosmology between the early-Universe extrapolation from globally fitting the standardΛCDM to Planck-CMB measurements and the late-Universe measurement from the three-rung distance ladder with SH0ES calibration.Regarding the current dilemma of theoretical resolutions,recent focus has shifted to systematics inspection.Here we find an associated 5σtension in the intercept of the supernova magnitude-redshift relation between the second-rung and third-rung supernovae from the Pantheon Plus compilation independent of calibrations in use.As required by the consistency of the distance-ladder method,we propose a method to eliminate the intercept tension,directly constraining H_(0)=73.4±1.0 km^(-1)s^(-1)Mpc^(-1)from the first two-rung distance ladder alone without referring to the third-rung supernovae but still consistent with both SH0ES typical three-rung and first two-rung constraints,which not only supports our method to rebuild the intercept consistency but also rules out third-rung supernova systematics including the late-time transition in supernova absolute magnitude.Further crosschecking with the Carnegie Supernova Project revealed that different calibrators alone still consistently prefer our results.Therefore,the original Hubble tension between the Planck-CMB measurements and SH0ES three-rung distance ladder can be narrowed down to a tension between the Planck-CMB and the first two-rung measurements.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10571013)
文摘There are many results on the flexibility of(general)embeddings of graphs,but few are known about that of strong embeddings.In this paper,we study the flexibility of strong embeddings of circular and Mbius ladders on the projective plane and the Klein bottle by using the joint tree model of embeddings.The numbers of(nonequivalent)general embeddings and strong embeddings of circular and Mbius ladders on these two nonorientable surfaces are obtained,respectively.And the structures of those strong embeddings are described.
基金funded by Science and Technology Projects from State Grid Corporation of China,(Research on Adaptive Balance Optimization and Simulation Technology of Industrial community Energy System with High Proportion of Distributed Energy,No.:5100-202355752A-3-4-SY).
文摘To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12201211)the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 202109710002)。
文摘Gluing techniques with respect to a recollement have long been studied. Recently, ladders of recollements of abelian categories were introduced as important tools. In this paper, we present explicit constructions of gluing support τ-tilting modules via symmetric ladders of height two. Moreover, we apply the result to triangular matrix algebras to give a detailed version of the known Jasso's reduction and study maximal green sequences.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Grant LWTZ-1298Academia Smica
文摘The problem of a band electron in a crystal with alternating hoppings is investigated in the presence of a uniform electric field.Exact solutions for the energy spectrum and the wave functions are obtained with the help of SU(2) symmetry.It is found that the energy spectrum contains all orders of the reciprocal of the applied electric field besides the usual Stark ladders.A theoretical analysis shows that in the weak field regime,such nonlinear terms will dominate the localization behavior of the band electron.Only in the strong field regime am the Wannie-Stark localization be observed manifestly.The onset magnitude of the electric field strength for the occurrence of the Wannie-Stark localization is about 2×105V/m for common semiconductor superlattices,which is consistent with experimental observations.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology 2021ZD0302005the Beijing Outstanding Young Scholar Program,the XPLORER Prize,and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M711868)C.L.is also supported by the Chinese International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program and the Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program at Tsinghua University.
文摘Entanglement constitutes one of the key concepts in quantum mechanics and serves as an indispensable tool in the understanding of quantum many-body systems.In this work,we perform extensive numerical investigations of extensive entanglement properties of coupled quantum spin chains.This setup has proven useful for e.g.extending the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem to open systems,and contrasts the majority of previous research where the entanglement cut has one lower dimension than the system.We focus on the cases where the entanglement Hamiltonian is either gapless or exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking behavior.We further employ conformal field theoretical formulae to identify the universal behavior in the former case.The results in our work can serve as a paradigmatic starting point for more systematic exploration of the largely uncharted physics of extensive entanglement,both analytical and numerical.
文摘Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of cell death, is being considered for new clinical treatments of malignant tumors that are difficult to treat with apoptosis inducers. Although several reports have attempted to increase the sensitivity of cells to cell death by combining ferroptosis and apoptosis inducers using a single treatment, detailed elucidation of the respective mechanisms of ferroptosis and apoptosis during cell death remains unclear. Here, we evaluated combined treatment effectiveness using the apoptosis-sensitive rat insulinoma INS-1 cell lines. DNA laddering, an indicator of camptothecin (CPT)-induced apoptosis, was abolished by adding RSL3 and ML-162, but not erastin. We found that when the cells were treated with the apoptosis inducer CPT or the ferroptosis inducer RSL3, respectively, the degree of cytotoxicity observed increased dose-dependently. However, a combined CPT and RSL3 treatment did not show a synergistic decrease in cell viability. Camptothecin did not significantly affect increases in intracellular lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species or increases in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic free iron levels that were induced by treatment with RSL3 alone. Moreover, deferoxamine and α-tocopherol were found to inhibit RSL3-induced cytotoxicity but did not protect against CPT or CPT and RSL3-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, the exogenous addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide inhibited DNA ladder formation that is induced by CPT, while the addition of hydrogen peroxide or ferrous ammonium sulfate had no effect. Taken together, these results suggest that lipid peroxides generated during ferroptosis may suppress cell death induced by apoptotic mechanisms.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(Grant No.RHDRC202301)。
文摘We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Consequently,we identify the super-vortical lattice,as well as the inner-Meissner phase,which presents Meissner currents just along the intimal legs within the flux ladder.The staggered-current phase is also allowed,with its formation condition altered because of the four-leg construction.The number of legs on the flux ladder can make an effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373316,22075298,and52373020)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2212053)。
文摘Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their unique double-chain structure and intrinsic microporosity,offer remarkable advantages in terms of thermal stability,oxidation resistance,and dielectric performance.However,structural defects in ladder polysiloxanes,such as cage-like and irregular oligomers,and their effects on dielectric properties remain underexplored.In this study,a series of ladder-like polysiloxanes(X-TMS)with diverse side groups weresynthesized via a one-step base-catalyzed method.The influence of the benzocyclobutene(BCB)side groups on the formation of regular ladder structures was systematically investigated.Notably,BCB incorporation disrupted the structural regularity,favoring the formation of cage-like and irregular topologies,which were extensively characterized using 29silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(29)Si-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).These structural defects were beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and thermal stability.Copolymerization of X-TMS with commercial DVS-BCB resins further enhanced the mechanical properties,with the elastic modulus increasing from 3.6 GPa to 4.4 GPa and water absorption reduced from 0.33 wt%to 0.06 wt%.This study establishes a clear correlation between topological structures and material properties.These findings not only advance the understanding of the structure-property relationships in ladder polysiloxanes but also provide a novel approach for designing high-performance interlayer dielectric materials for next-generation microelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174387)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.YSBR-057 and JZHKYPT-2021-08)the Innovative Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302600)。
文摘We studied the dynamic correlations of non-integrable systems with quantum many-body scar(QMBS)states generated by a ladder operator.The ladder operator's spectral function has an exact δ-function peak induced by the QMBS states.As a concrete example,we show that in the one-dimensional(1D)spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model,the spectral function of two-magnon excitations exhibits a characteristic bowtie shape composed of aδ-function resonance peak at momentum k=π and a continuum spectrum elsewhere.The two-magnon excitations can be observed via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy on quasi-1D nickelates and other spin-1 antiferromagnetic materials.Therefore,the findings of this study pave the way for detecting(approximate)QMBS states in realistic materials.
文摘I.I want to go to junior middle school,One morning,Wood brings a ladder to school.Mike is surprised and asks,"Why do you bring a ladder to school,Wood?"Wood smiles and says,"Because I want to go to junior middle school."
文摘Send us your photographs and let us know what lies behind them at contacts@chinafrica.cnHighline Challenge Competitors race on slacklines at the Yellow River Ladder Cliffs Scenic Area in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province,on 16 September.After fierce competition,Chinese athlete He Jinyi won the 100-metre sprint title.SOURCE:VCG。
基金Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Hunan(2018SK2127)Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Project(201946).
文摘Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.
