Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio ac...Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,...The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the im...Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the She...Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
Ladder-like polyphenylsilsesquioxanes with fairly high regularity were synthesized using an endo-template 1,2-ethylenediamine at mild temperature via direct co-hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the presence of ...Ladder-like polyphenylsilsesquioxanes with fairly high regularity were synthesized using an endo-template 1,2-ethylenediamine at mild temperature via direct co-hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the presence of acid catalysts in the mixture of 1,4-dioxane/H20. The features for synthesis of ladder-like polyphenylsilsesquioxanes were investigated in detail. The products obtained were characterized by FTIR, SEC, XRD and NMR.展开更多
A novel soluble, reactive ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (L) with lateral bromophenyl groups was synthesized successfully by stepwise coupling polymerization (SCP) method including preaminolysis, hydrolysis and polyco...A novel soluble, reactive ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (L) with lateral bromophenyl groups was synthesized successfully by stepwise coupling polymerization (SCP) method including preaminolysis, hydrolysis and polycondensation steps. The monomer 3-trichlorosilylpropoxy-4-bromobenzene (M) was first prepared via hydrosilylation reaction catalyzed by dicyclopentadienylplatinum dichloride (Cp2PtCl2). The title polymer (L) was characterized by 1H-NMR, 29Si-NMR, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), DSC and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The experimental results indicate that the polymer (L) possesses a typical ladder-like structure.展开更多
A novel double ladder-like cadmium coordination polymer with isophthalate as bridging ligands and imidazole as non-chelating capping ligands was obtained by a hydrothermal reaction. The crystal is of triclinic, space ...A novel double ladder-like cadmium coordination polymer with isophthalate as bridging ligands and imidazole as non-chelating capping ligands was obtained by a hydrothermal reaction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.266（2）, b = 11.573（2）, c = 12.651（3） A, α = 89.95（3）, β= 74.64（3）,γ = 68.54（3）°, C50H44Cd4N12O18, Mr = 1550.57, V= 1341.1（5）A3, Dc = 1.920 g/cm3, F（000） = 764, p = 1.651 cm-1 and Z = 1. The final refinement gave R = 0.0342 and wR = 0.0738 for 5925 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The crystal structure involves two different ladder-like chains, which are further connected to form a ladder-like double chain architecture via hydrogen bonding interactions, extending along the b axis. The weak interactions including hydrogen bonds and π-π staking interactions contribute to the alignment of the complex in the crystalline state.展开更多
Redox reaction of a mixture of CuC12·2H2O, HaPO3 and dpatrz （3,5-dipropyl- 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole） at room temperature yields one new compound, [Cu（1）（/.t2-dpatrz）aCu（1）CI2], with two independent cis- and...Redox reaction of a mixture of CuC12·2H2O, HaPO3 and dpatrz （3,5-dipropyl- 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole） at room temperature yields one new compound, [Cu（1）（/.t2-dpatrz）aCu（1）CI2], with two independent cis- and trans-propyl side chain molecules. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 7.474（1）, b = 17.807（1）, c = 18.851（1） A, β = 108.32（1）°, V = 2381.7（2） A3, Z = 4, C16H32CI2Cu2Ns, Mr = 534.48, Dc = 1.491 g.cm-3,μ = 2.03 mm-1, F（000） = 1104, GOOF = 1.050, the final R = 0.0445 and wR = 0.1162 for 3162 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 1 shows discrete dimeric structures （A and B） containing inversion centers and the Cu（l） ions are coordinated in triangle geometries. The isomers are connected by N-H…CI hydrogen bonds, chains with graph-set C（7） and rings R22（14） and C-H..＇Jr interactions into stair-step chains （Tapes A and B） running parallel to the [01-1] direction. The N-H…C1 hydrogen bonds result in chain and cyclic structures with graph-sets C22（17） and R34（18） linking tapes A and B to form two-dimensional networks along the [031] direction. Packing of crystal 1 is stabilized by rings R34（18） and weak C-H…C1 hydrogen bonds parallel to the [01-2] direction. Bond valence sum （BVS） and UV-Vis absorption spectra support the existence of Cu（I） ions. Compound 1 exhibits extensive green blue phosphorescence in the solid state at room temperature.展开更多
Nowadays organosilicon luminescent materials are of increasing interest due to the variety of their synthetic or modification techniques and application fields.Ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxanes(L-PPSQ)are a unique clas...Nowadays organosilicon luminescent materials are of increasing interest due to the variety of their synthetic or modification techniques and application fields.Ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxanes(L-PPSQ)are a unique class of organosilicon polymers,which can be ideal matrices for the luminescent composites due to their high thermal stability,optical transparency and mechanical strength.In this work,new mechanically strong,heat-resistant,transparent and sensitive to ammonia vapor luminescent composite films based on L-PPSQ have been obtained.As the source of Europium ions oligophenyleuropiumsiloxane was used,demonstrating perfect compatibility to the matrix due to the similar nature.To improve luminescent properties of the films,new organosilicon ligands were introduced into the composites and their influence on the properties of the materials was studied.Valuable properties of described composites may allow their further application as multifunctional coatings.展开更多
Ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes （LPSQs） with different amino contents have been synthesized by controlling of the dosage of Pd/C catalyst. The concentration and activity of amino groups were investigated by Fourier ...Ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes （LPSQs） with different amino contents have been synthesized by controlling of the dosage of Pd/C catalyst. The concentration and activity of amino groups were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polyimide （PI）/LPSQ hybrid films have been prepared by incorporating of the obtained LPSQs with different amino contents into PI matrix, respectively. The interfacial interactions between PI matrix and LPSQ were studied with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, meanwhile the thermal and mechanical properties of the hybrid films were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests. The results indicate that the functionality of LPSQ has great effects on the interfacial interactions and the properties of hybrid films. With the increase of amino content, both the interracial interactions and the cross-linking density of hybrids enhanced, which results in the decline of surface silicon concentration, increase of Young＇s modulus and drop of elongation at break. Excessive amino content makes the hybrid films brittle and leads to incomplete imidization.展开更多
Ladder-like polydecylsilsesquioxane (LPDS) was synthesized by a preamminolysis reaction ofdecyltrichlorosilane with ethylene diamine, followed by hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction. LPDS issoluble in a nonpolar ...Ladder-like polydecylsilsesquioxane (LPDS) was synthesized by a preamminolysis reaction ofdecyltrichlorosilane with ethylene diamine, followed by hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction. LPDS issoluble in a nonpolar solvent such as heptane and insoluble in a high polar solvent such as methanol. It wascharaterized by IR, ~1H-NMR, ^(29)Si-NMR, GPC and X-ray diffraction.展开更多
A ladder-like structure compound formed by cadmium (II) and anionic nitronyl nitroxide, [Cd2(NITpBA)4(H2O)4] (where NITpBA = 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-oxide), has been synthe...A ladder-like structure compound formed by cadmium (II) and anionic nitronyl nitroxide, [Cd2(NITpBA)4(H2O)4] (where NITpBA = 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-oxide), has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray analysis reveals that the compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c (No. 14) space group, and [Cd2(NITpBA)4(H2O)4] units are linked into infinite chains by radical bridging ligands.展开更多
The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and...The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.展开更多
Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic...Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (2022ZX02C13)。
文摘Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4501200),National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332018)Science and Technology Program(2024NSFTD0031,2024YFHZ0339 and 2025ZNSFSC0497).
文摘The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971256)。
文摘Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.India,under grant No.BT/Coord.II/10/02/2016/22.03.2018the Indian Council of Social Science Research,New Delhi,India,for providing a short-term doctoral fellowship(RFD/Short-Term/2022-23/ENV/ST/66).
文摘Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
基金financially supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LY14E030008)the Commonweal Technology Application Research Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C31079)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51353003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013 M531455)
文摘Ladder-like polyphenylsilsesquioxanes with fairly high regularity were synthesized using an endo-template 1,2-ethylenediamine at mild temperature via direct co-hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the presence of acid catalysts in the mixture of 1,4-dioxane/H20. The features for synthesis of ladder-like polyphenylsilsesquioxanes were investigated in detail. The products obtained were characterized by FTIR, SEC, XRD and NMR.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20174047, 20204016, 50273043) andDow Corning Corporation, USA.
文摘A novel soluble, reactive ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (L) with lateral bromophenyl groups was synthesized successfully by stepwise coupling polymerization (SCP) method including preaminolysis, hydrolysis and polycondensation steps. The monomer 3-trichlorosilylpropoxy-4-bromobenzene (M) was first prepared via hydrosilylation reaction catalyzed by dicyclopentadienylplatinum dichloride (Cp2PtCl2). The title polymer (L) was characterized by 1H-NMR, 29Si-NMR, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), DSC and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The experimental results indicate that the polymer (L) possesses a typical ladder-like structure.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shagdong Province (No. Y2007F68)the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Shanghai (No. YQ307007)
文摘A novel double ladder-like cadmium coordination polymer with isophthalate as bridging ligands and imidazole as non-chelating capping ligands was obtained by a hydrothermal reaction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.266（2）, b = 11.573（2）, c = 12.651（3） A, α = 89.95（3）, β= 74.64（3）,γ = 68.54（3）°, C50H44Cd4N12O18, Mr = 1550.57, V= 1341.1（5）A3, Dc = 1.920 g/cm3, F（000） = 764, p = 1.651 cm-1 and Z = 1. The final refinement gave R = 0.0342 and wR = 0.0738 for 5925 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The crystal structure involves two different ladder-like chains, which are further connected to form a ladder-like double chain architecture via hydrogen bonding interactions, extending along the b axis. The weak interactions including hydrogen bonds and π-π staking interactions contribute to the alignment of the complex in the crystalline state.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21171109&21271121)SRFDP(Nos.20111401110002&20121401110005)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2012-004&2013-026)
文摘Redox reaction of a mixture of CuC12·2H2O, HaPO3 and dpatrz （3,5-dipropyl- 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole） at room temperature yields one new compound, [Cu（1）（/.t2-dpatrz）aCu（1）CI2], with two independent cis- and trans-propyl side chain molecules. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 7.474（1）, b = 17.807（1）, c = 18.851（1） A, β = 108.32（1）°, V = 2381.7（2） A3, Z = 4, C16H32CI2Cu2Ns, Mr = 534.48, Dc = 1.491 g.cm-3,μ = 2.03 mm-1, F（000） = 1104, GOOF = 1.050, the final R = 0.0445 and wR = 0.1162 for 3162 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 1 shows discrete dimeric structures （A and B） containing inversion centers and the Cu（l） ions are coordinated in triangle geometries. The isomers are connected by N-H…CI hydrogen bonds, chains with graph-set C（7） and rings R22（14） and C-H..＇Jr interactions into stair-step chains （Tapes A and B） running parallel to the [01-1] direction. The N-H…C1 hydrogen bonds result in chain and cyclic structures with graph-sets C22（17） and R34（18） linking tapes A and B to form two-dimensional networks along the [031] direction. Packing of crystal 1 is stabilized by rings R34（18） and weak C-H…C1 hydrogen bonds parallel to the [01-2] direction. Bond valence sum （BVS） and UV-Vis absorption spectra support the existence of Cu（I） ions. Compound 1 exhibits extensive green blue phosphorescence in the solid state at room temperature.
基金financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.23-79-10256)。
文摘Nowadays organosilicon luminescent materials are of increasing interest due to the variety of their synthetic or modification techniques and application fields.Ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxanes(L-PPSQ)are a unique class of organosilicon polymers,which can be ideal matrices for the luminescent composites due to their high thermal stability,optical transparency and mechanical strength.In this work,new mechanically strong,heat-resistant,transparent and sensitive to ammonia vapor luminescent composite films based on L-PPSQ have been obtained.As the source of Europium ions oligophenyleuropiumsiloxane was used,demonstrating perfect compatibility to the matrix due to the similar nature.To improve luminescent properties of the films,new organosilicon ligands were introduced into the composites and their influence on the properties of the materials was studied.Valuable properties of described composites may allow their further application as multifunctional coatings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51073020)
文摘Ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes （LPSQs） with different amino contents have been synthesized by controlling of the dosage of Pd/C catalyst. The concentration and activity of amino groups were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polyimide （PI）/LPSQ hybrid films have been prepared by incorporating of the obtained LPSQs with different amino contents into PI matrix, respectively. The interfacial interactions between PI matrix and LPSQ were studied with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, meanwhile the thermal and mechanical properties of the hybrid films were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests. The results indicate that the functionality of LPSQ has great effects on the interfacial interactions and the properties of hybrid films. With the increase of amino content, both the interracial interactions and the cross-linking density of hybrids enhanced, which results in the decline of surface silicon concentration, increase of Young＇s modulus and drop of elongation at break. Excessive amino content makes the hybrid films brittle and leads to incomplete imidization.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 59483001).
文摘Ladder-like polydecylsilsesquioxane (LPDS) was synthesized by a preamminolysis reaction ofdecyltrichlorosilane with ethylene diamine, followed by hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction. LPDS issoluble in a nonpolar solvent such as heptane and insoluble in a high polar solvent such as methanol. It wascharaterized by IR, ~1H-NMR, ^(29)Si-NMR, GPC and X-ray diffraction.
文摘A ladder-like structure compound formed by cadmium (II) and anionic nitronyl nitroxide, [Cd2(NITpBA)4(H2O)4] (where NITpBA = 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-oxide), has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray analysis reveals that the compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c (No. 14) space group, and [Cd2(NITpBA)4(H2O)4] units are linked into infinite chains by radical bridging ligands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374142,12175189 and 11904302)External Cooperation Program of Fujian(2022I0004)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190005 and 20720220085)Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen in China(3502Z20191015).
文摘The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.
基金jointly supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Jichu-ZK[2023]Zhongdian027)the Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Subjects in Guizhou Province in 2022(No.22GZYB53)。
文摘Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.
