Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L...Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.展开更多
Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved ...Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.展开更多
Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-da...Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-day-old unpaired non-lactating male pigeons(MN)and males initiating lactation on the first day after incubation(ML).Using RNA sequencing,ribosomeprofiling,andsingle-cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq),we identified a significant up-regulation of genes associated with ribosome assembly and protein synthesis in ML compared to MN.Results from scRNA-seq analysis identified 12distinct cell types and 22 clusters,with secretory epithelial cells(SECs)exhibiting marked expression of plasma cell markers,including IGLL1 and MZB1.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA FISH)and IgY quantification confirmed the critical role of SECs in producing endogenous IgY during lactation.We propose that fibroblast-derived BAFF signals activate SECs,mimicking B cell transformation and enhancing protein production through the unfolded protein response(UPR).These findings shed light on the cellular dynamics of pigeon milk production and contribute to a broader understanding of avian biology.展开更多
Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genet...Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.展开更多
Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications wit...Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming.Nonetheless,the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear.Therefore,this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system.The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed.Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases.In the nervous system,lactate plays an essential role.However,its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation.The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic,especially in lactylation modification,a key determinant in this process.Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications,such as N6-methyladenosine,acetylation,ubiquitination,and phosphorylation modifications,which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.In addition,exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.展开更多
Objective To explore the efficacy of Tuina for postpartum lactation and work out an optimal protocol involved. Methods With a randomized, controlled and clinical method, Eighty-four full-term primiparas were divided i...Objective To explore the efficacy of Tuina for postpartum lactation and work out an optimal protocol involved. Methods With a randomized, controlled and clinical method, Eighty-four full-term primiparas were divided into a Tuina group （58 cases） and a control group （26 cases）. While the patients in the control group received rooming in conventional nursing, those in the Tuina group were additionally treated with Tuina, including local manipulations at the breasts combined with acupoint manipulations. The colostrum time, lactation volume and serum prolactin were observed to make the comparisons between the two groups. Results The scores of lactation quantity after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd of the treatment were 1.660±0.785, 2.530±1.030, 2.880±1.171 in the Tuina group and 1.270±0.533, 1.460±0.811, 1.500±0.583 in the control group respectively, where there were significant differences in each time stage between the two groups （all P0.001）. The time of colostrum was （21.6±10.5） h in the Tuina group and （22.5±9.7） h in the control group, in which the difference was not statistically significant （P0.05）. The levels of prolactin were （314.35±110.37） ng/mL and （321.56±109.61） ng/mL in the Tuina group, （385.78±85.19） ng/mL and （340.12±103.10） ng/mL in the control group before and after treatment respectively, suggested that there were no significant difference （both P0.05）. Conclusion Postpartum Tuina at the breasts could increase the quantity of lactation and delay the decreasing of the levels of prolactin, which contributes primiparas to lactate more and sooner.展开更多
为了探究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(Rumen-protected methionine,RPM)对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能和全肠道消化率的影响,试验选取16头处于泌乳高峰期,体重、生理状况相似的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组。对照组每日饲喂基础TMR日粮,RPM组每头牛在基础...为了探究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(Rumen-protected methionine,RPM)对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能和全肠道消化率的影响,试验选取16头处于泌乳高峰期,体重、生理状况相似的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组。对照组每日饲喂基础TMR日粮,RPM组每头牛在基础日粮的基础上,每日单独补饲15 g RPM。结果表明:(1)泌乳高峰期奶牛日粮中添加RPM不影响体重、体况评分和干物质采食量(DMI)(P>0.05);(2)添加RPM对奶牛的产奶量和乳成分影响不显著(P>0.05);(3)添加RPM有降低瘤胃丁酸含量的趋势(P=0.069);(4)添加RPM不影响奶牛的表观消化率(P>0.05);(5)RPM显著提高了奶牛血浆尿素氮和二氧化碳水平(P<0.05);(6)RPM对血液中蛋氨酸的含量没有影响,脯氨酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),具有降低血浆精氨酸和天冬氨酸含量的趋势(0.05<P<0.10)。总体而言,泌乳高峰期奶牛补饲RPM可能通过提高蛋氨酸吸收率、氨基酸代谢和机体蛋白合成改善泌乳高峰期奶牛健康状况。展开更多
Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein ...Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify t...BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.展开更多
文摘Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland(BiOrbic,Dublin,Ireland)and Adesco Nutricines(Dungarvan,Waterford,Ireland)under grant number 16/RC/3889。
文摘Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.
基金supported by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangxi Province,China (JXARS-09)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China (2020B1212060060)。
文摘Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-day-old unpaired non-lactating male pigeons(MN)and males initiating lactation on the first day after incubation(ML).Using RNA sequencing,ribosomeprofiling,andsingle-cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq),we identified a significant up-regulation of genes associated with ribosome assembly and protein synthesis in ML compared to MN.Results from scRNA-seq analysis identified 12distinct cell types and 22 clusters,with secretory epithelial cells(SECs)exhibiting marked expression of plasma cell markers,including IGLL1 and MZB1.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA FISH)and IgY quantification confirmed the critical role of SECs in producing endogenous IgY during lactation.We propose that fibroblast-derived BAFF signals activate SECs,mimicking B cell transformation and enhancing protein production through the unfolded protein response(UPR).These findings shed light on the cellular dynamics of pigeon milk production and contribute to a broader understanding of avian biology.
基金Innovation 2030-Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2022ZD04014)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C04017).
文摘Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071383,82371392(to BN)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Key Project),No.ZR2020KH007(to BN)+1 种基金“Taishan Scholar Distinguished Expert Program”of Shandong Province,No.tstp20231257(to BN)Health Commission Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinan,No.2023-1-8(to YZ).
文摘Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming.Nonetheless,the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear.Therefore,this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system.The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed.Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases.In the nervous system,lactate plays an essential role.However,its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation.The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic,especially in lactylation modification,a key determinant in this process.Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications,such as N6-methyladenosine,acetylation,ubiquitination,and phosphorylation modifications,which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.In addition,exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
文摘Objective To explore the efficacy of Tuina for postpartum lactation and work out an optimal protocol involved. Methods With a randomized, controlled and clinical method, Eighty-four full-term primiparas were divided into a Tuina group （58 cases） and a control group （26 cases）. While the patients in the control group received rooming in conventional nursing, those in the Tuina group were additionally treated with Tuina, including local manipulations at the breasts combined with acupoint manipulations. The colostrum time, lactation volume and serum prolactin were observed to make the comparisons between the two groups. Results The scores of lactation quantity after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd of the treatment were 1.660±0.785, 2.530±1.030, 2.880±1.171 in the Tuina group and 1.270±0.533, 1.460±0.811, 1.500±0.583 in the control group respectively, where there were significant differences in each time stage between the two groups （all P0.001）. The time of colostrum was （21.6±10.5） h in the Tuina group and （22.5±9.7） h in the control group, in which the difference was not statistically significant （P0.05）. The levels of prolactin were （314.35±110.37） ng/mL and （321.56±109.61） ng/mL in the Tuina group, （385.78±85.19） ng/mL and （340.12±103.10） ng/mL in the control group before and after treatment respectively, suggested that there were no significant difference （both P0.05）. Conclusion Postpartum Tuina at the breasts could increase the quantity of lactation and delay the decreasing of the levels of prolactin, which contributes primiparas to lactate more and sooner.
文摘为了探究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(Rumen-protected methionine,RPM)对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能和全肠道消化率的影响,试验选取16头处于泌乳高峰期,体重、生理状况相似的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组。对照组每日饲喂基础TMR日粮,RPM组每头牛在基础日粮的基础上,每日单独补饲15 g RPM。结果表明:(1)泌乳高峰期奶牛日粮中添加RPM不影响体重、体况评分和干物质采食量(DMI)(P>0.05);(2)添加RPM对奶牛的产奶量和乳成分影响不显著(P>0.05);(3)添加RPM有降低瘤胃丁酸含量的趋势(P=0.069);(4)添加RPM不影响奶牛的表观消化率(P>0.05);(5)RPM显著提高了奶牛血浆尿素氮和二氧化碳水平(P<0.05);(6)RPM对血液中蛋氨酸的含量没有影响,脯氨酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),具有降低血浆精氨酸和天冬氨酸含量的趋势(0.05<P<0.10)。总体而言,泌乳高峰期奶牛补饲RPM可能通过提高蛋氨酸吸收率、氨基酸代谢和机体蛋白合成改善泌乳高峰期奶牛健康状况。
基金supported by Applied Basic Research Joint Fund Project of Yunnan Province,No.202301AY070001-200Middle-aged Academic and Technical Training Project for High-Level Talents,No.202105AC160065+1 种基金Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases,No.YWLCYXZX2023300077Key Clinical Specialty of Neurology in Yunnan Province,No.300064(all to CL)。
文摘Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402543)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)+2 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)Opening Foundation of Agile and Intelligent Computing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSpecial Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College (3332024120)
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.
