The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option f...The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option for women who have a second pregnancy after cesarean section, is a major factor in this increase. The trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) is considered to be the best method, and the safety and feasibility of TOLAC have been confirmed by numerous studies, but in clinical practice, there are many factors that make TOLAC unsuccessful. This article reviews the factors that influence the choice of delivery method after cesarean section as follows.展开更多
The growth of agricultural labor productivity in major grain producing areas arises from the increase in production factors or improvement of efficiency,and is related to the sustainability of agricultural economic gr...The growth of agricultural labor productivity in major grain producing areas arises from the increase in production factors or improvement of efficiency,and is related to the sustainability of agricultural economic growth and national food security. We study the growth path of agricultural labor productivity in 13 major grain producing areas of China,and the analysis results show that from the relative endowments of land and labor in major grain producing areas,the growth rate of the output value per unit of labor is higher than that of the productivity per unit of land; in essence,this growth path of increasing the output value relying on increasing the production factor inputs is the reduction of labor,and the reduction of agricultural labor has a great elasticity of impact on the total value of agricultural production. In the case of stable future number of agricultural labor in China,the growth of agricultural labor productivity will be impossible to rely more on the increase in agricultural production factor inputs,and the growth path of agricultural economy still has to rely on the improvement of land productivity and take the efficiency-based path.展开更多
On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and ...On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factor.Then,we put forward relevant hypotheses.From survey results of 241 farmer households in 4 southwestern provinces(regions),by the binary logistic regression analysis method,we empirically studied influences of the above four factors on technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.Results show that commercial paddy farmers like simple and high yield cultivation technique best,while individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factors are major factors influencing different agricultural technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.展开更多
We previously demonstrated immune activation in the maternal peripheral circulation associated with preterm labor (PTL). There was an elevation in WBC mRNA of anti-inflammatory complement decay-accelerating factor (CD...We previously demonstrated immune activation in the maternal peripheral circulation associated with preterm labor (PTL). There was an elevation in WBC mRNA of anti-inflammatory complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and the innate-immune response activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These findings suggested that collectively, these two molecules might serve as useful biomolecules to aid in the diagnosis of PTL. In this study, we used a combined marker approach to determine whether a dual marker model utilizing both CD55 and TLR4 mRNA levels to classify PTL would increase diagnostic accuracy compared to either molecule alone. Two methods were evaluated;a linear discriminant (LD) method and a distribution free (DF) method, in order to find the optimal linear combination of TLR4 and CD55 data to diagnose PTL accurately. Our results indicated that a combined CD55-TLR4 dual marker model could provide statistically significant improve- ments compared to CD55 or TLR4 single marker models for PTL classification performance.展开更多
Objective: To identify the risk factors of intrapartal fetal death in a tertiary hospital in Yaoundé. Methods: It was a case-control study comparing 53 women who delivered with intrapartal fetal death to 106 wome...Objective: To identify the risk factors of intrapartal fetal death in a tertiary hospital in Yaoundé. Methods: It was a case-control study comparing 53 women who delivered with intrapartal fetal death to 106 women who delivered without intrapartal fetal death, carried out at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon. Results: The risk factors of intrapartal fetal death identified at bivariate analysis were: maternal age <20 years (OR = 3.1;CI = 1.1 - 8.3), absence of regular income (OR = 2.4;CI = 1.2 - 4.7), single motherhood (OR = 2.9;CI = 1.5 - 5.7), illiteracy and primary level of education (OR = 4.7;CI = 1.9 - 11.5), referral (OR = 5.0;CI = 2.5 - 9.9), parity 0 and 1 (OR = 2.3;CI = 1.1 - 4.5), no antenatal care (OR = 9.2;CI = 2.4 - 35.6), number of antenatal visits <4 (OR = 4.2;CI = 2.1 - 8.6), antenatal care in a health center (OR = 3.8;CI = 1.9 - 7.5), antenatal care by a midwife (OR = 2.5;CI = 1.3 - 4.9) or a nurse (OR = 5.2;CI = 1.4 - 18.7), absence of malaria prophylaxis (OR = 10.6;CI = 2.9 - 39.5), absence of obstetrical ultrasound (OR = 4.7;CI = 1.9 - 10.9), prematurity (OR = 3.4;CI = 1.5 - 7.3), abnormal presentation (OR = 2.6;CI = 1.1 - 5.9), ruptured membranes at admission (OR = 2.7;CI = 1.3 - 5.4), ruptured membranes >12 hours at admission (OR = 5.1;CI = 2.5 - 10.3), stained amniotic fluid (OR = 4.8;CI = 2.4 - 9.7), labor lasting more than 12 hours (OR = 18.1;CI = 8.0 - 41.0), presence of maternal complications (OR = 4.7;CI = 2.2 - 10.3), and presence of fetal complications (OR = 48.6;CI = 18.3 - 129), particularly acute fetal distress (OR = 52.3;CI = (14.6 - 186), cord prolapse (OR = 12.1;CI = 3.3 - 43.4), and birth weight <2500 g (OR = 2.8;CI = 1.2 - 6.6). Conclusion: Close attention should be offered to pregnant women, so as to identify these risk factors and promptly provide an appropriate management.展开更多
The term “painless delivery” originated from foreign countries and has a history of more than 100 years. It is actually called “childbirth analgesia” in medicine. Labor analgesia, as its name implies, is the use o...The term “painless delivery” originated from foreign countries and has a history of more than 100 years. It is actually called “childbirth analgesia” in medicine. Labor analgesia, as its name implies, is the use of various methods to reduce or even eliminate the pain during labor. With the development of anesthesiology and pain, it has been widely used in foreign countries, especially in some developed countries in the West. The rate of labor analgesia in the United States is > 85%, and even as high as 90% in Britain. The best childbirth analgesia should include side effect is small to puerpera and fetus, exact analgesic effect, quick effect, maintain time is long, can satisfy normal labor course;puerpera is awake, can cooperate childbirth and do not affect uterine contraction, and do not affect labor course progress. In 2000, WHO proposed that medical institutions should provide various labor analgesic services for parturient women to reduce labor pain as much as possible. Encourage the use of non-pharmaceutical analgesic techniques. In this paper, the effects of different modes of labor analgesia on neonates are described as follows.展开更多
Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng,Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors ...Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng,Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors were discussed. The study indicated that in backflow migrant workers,43. 16% returned to counties and towns,while 56. 84% returned to rural areas. Place selection was significantly influenced by years of migrant work,training,times of migration,migration distance,age,land area in hometown,and living preference.展开更多
The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro...The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.展开更多
文摘The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option for women who have a second pregnancy after cesarean section, is a major factor in this increase. The trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) is considered to be the best method, and the safety and feasibility of TOLAC have been confirmed by numerous studies, but in clinical practice, there are many factors that make TOLAC unsuccessful. This article reviews the factors that influence the choice of delivery method after cesarean section as follows.
基金Supported by Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China in 2014
文摘The growth of agricultural labor productivity in major grain producing areas arises from the increase in production factors or improvement of efficiency,and is related to the sustainability of agricultural economic growth and national food security. We study the growth path of agricultural labor productivity in 13 major grain producing areas of China,and the analysis results show that from the relative endowments of land and labor in major grain producing areas,the growth rate of the output value per unit of labor is higher than that of the productivity per unit of land; in essence,this growth path of increasing the output value relying on increasing the production factor inputs is the reduction of labor,and the reduction of agricultural labor has a great elasticity of impact on the total value of agricultural production. In the case of stable future number of agricultural labor in China,the growth of agricultural labor productivity will be impossible to rely more on the increase in agricultural production factor inputs,and the growth path of agricultural economy still has to rely on the improvement of land productivity and take the efficiency-based path.
基金Key National Special GM Project (2011ZX08001001) Industrial Technical System Project for National Modern Agriculture of Rice (4011-08110207) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
文摘On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factor.Then,we put forward relevant hypotheses.From survey results of 241 farmer households in 4 southwestern provinces(regions),by the binary logistic regression analysis method,we empirically studied influences of the above four factors on technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.Results show that commercial paddy farmers like simple and high yield cultivation technique best,while individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factors are major factors influencing different agricultural technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.
文摘We previously demonstrated immune activation in the maternal peripheral circulation associated with preterm labor (PTL). There was an elevation in WBC mRNA of anti-inflammatory complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and the innate-immune response activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These findings suggested that collectively, these two molecules might serve as useful biomolecules to aid in the diagnosis of PTL. In this study, we used a combined marker approach to determine whether a dual marker model utilizing both CD55 and TLR4 mRNA levels to classify PTL would increase diagnostic accuracy compared to either molecule alone. Two methods were evaluated;a linear discriminant (LD) method and a distribution free (DF) method, in order to find the optimal linear combination of TLR4 and CD55 data to diagnose PTL accurately. Our results indicated that a combined CD55-TLR4 dual marker model could provide statistically significant improve- ments compared to CD55 or TLR4 single marker models for PTL classification performance.
文摘Objective: To identify the risk factors of intrapartal fetal death in a tertiary hospital in Yaoundé. Methods: It was a case-control study comparing 53 women who delivered with intrapartal fetal death to 106 women who delivered without intrapartal fetal death, carried out at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon. Results: The risk factors of intrapartal fetal death identified at bivariate analysis were: maternal age <20 years (OR = 3.1;CI = 1.1 - 8.3), absence of regular income (OR = 2.4;CI = 1.2 - 4.7), single motherhood (OR = 2.9;CI = 1.5 - 5.7), illiteracy and primary level of education (OR = 4.7;CI = 1.9 - 11.5), referral (OR = 5.0;CI = 2.5 - 9.9), parity 0 and 1 (OR = 2.3;CI = 1.1 - 4.5), no antenatal care (OR = 9.2;CI = 2.4 - 35.6), number of antenatal visits <4 (OR = 4.2;CI = 2.1 - 8.6), antenatal care in a health center (OR = 3.8;CI = 1.9 - 7.5), antenatal care by a midwife (OR = 2.5;CI = 1.3 - 4.9) or a nurse (OR = 5.2;CI = 1.4 - 18.7), absence of malaria prophylaxis (OR = 10.6;CI = 2.9 - 39.5), absence of obstetrical ultrasound (OR = 4.7;CI = 1.9 - 10.9), prematurity (OR = 3.4;CI = 1.5 - 7.3), abnormal presentation (OR = 2.6;CI = 1.1 - 5.9), ruptured membranes at admission (OR = 2.7;CI = 1.3 - 5.4), ruptured membranes >12 hours at admission (OR = 5.1;CI = 2.5 - 10.3), stained amniotic fluid (OR = 4.8;CI = 2.4 - 9.7), labor lasting more than 12 hours (OR = 18.1;CI = 8.0 - 41.0), presence of maternal complications (OR = 4.7;CI = 2.2 - 10.3), and presence of fetal complications (OR = 48.6;CI = 18.3 - 129), particularly acute fetal distress (OR = 52.3;CI = (14.6 - 186), cord prolapse (OR = 12.1;CI = 3.3 - 43.4), and birth weight <2500 g (OR = 2.8;CI = 1.2 - 6.6). Conclusion: Close attention should be offered to pregnant women, so as to identify these risk factors and promptly provide an appropriate management.
文摘The term “painless delivery” originated from foreign countries and has a history of more than 100 years. It is actually called “childbirth analgesia” in medicine. Labor analgesia, as its name implies, is the use of various methods to reduce or even eliminate the pain during labor. With the development of anesthesiology and pain, it has been widely used in foreign countries, especially in some developed countries in the West. The rate of labor analgesia in the United States is > 85%, and even as high as 90% in Britain. The best childbirth analgesia should include side effect is small to puerpera and fetus, exact analgesic effect, quick effect, maintain time is long, can satisfy normal labor course;puerpera is awake, can cooperate childbirth and do not affect uterine contraction, and do not affect labor course progress. In 2000, WHO proposed that medical institutions should provide various labor analgesic services for parturient women to reduce labor pain as much as possible. Encourage the use of non-pharmaceutical analgesic techniques. In this paper, the effects of different modes of labor analgesia on neonates are described as follows.
文摘Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng,Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors were discussed. The study indicated that in backflow migrant workers,43. 16% returned to counties and towns,while 56. 84% returned to rural areas. Place selection was significantly influenced by years of migrant work,training,times of migration,migration distance,age,land area in hometown,and living preference.
文摘The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.
