Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretra...Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretrained language models for reasoning.However,their performance is often hindered by the limited capabilities of retrievers and the constrained size of knowledge bases.Moreover,relying on image captions to bridge the modal gap between visual and language modalities can lead to the omission of critical visual details.To address these limitations,we propose the Reflective Chain-of-Thought(ReCoT)method,a simple yet effective framework inspired by metacognition theory.ReCoT effectively activates the reasoning capabilities ofMultimodal Large LanguageModels(MLLMs),providing essential visual and knowledge cues required to solve complex visual questions.It simulates a metacognitive reasoning process that encompasses monitoring,reflection,and correction.Specifically,in the initial generation stage,an MLLM produces a preliminary answer that serves as the model’s initial cognitive output.During the reflective reasoning stage,this answer is critically examined to generate a reflective rationale that integrates key visual evidence and relevant knowledge.In the final refinement stage,a smaller language model leverages this rationale to revise the initial prediction,resulting in amore accurate final answer.By harnessing the strengths ofMLLMs in visual and knowledge grounding,ReCoT enables smaller language models to reason effectively without dependence on image captions or external knowledge bases.Experimental results demonstrate that ReCoT achieves substantial performance improvements,outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 2.26%on OK-VQA and 5.8%on A-OKVQA.展开更多
The surrogate model serves as an efficient simulation tool during the slope parameter inversion process.However,the creep constitutive model integrated with dynamic damage evolution poses challenges in development of ...The surrogate model serves as an efficient simulation tool during the slope parameter inversion process.However,the creep constitutive model integrated with dynamic damage evolution poses challenges in development of the required surrogate model.In this study,a novel physics knowledge-based surrogate model framework is proposed.In this framework,a Transformer module is employed to capture straindriven softening-hardening physical mechanisms.Positional encoding and self-attention are utilized to transform the constitutive parameters associated with shear strain,which are not directly time-related,into intermediate latent features for physical loss calculation.Next,a multi-layer stacked GRU(gated recurrent unit)network is built to provide input interfaces for time-dependent intermediate latent features,hydraulic boundary conditions,and water-rock interaction degradation equations,with static parameters introduced via external fully-connected layers.Finally,a combined loss function is constructed to facilitate the collaborative training of physical and data loss,introducing time-dependent weight adjustments to focus the surrogate model on accurate deformation predictions during critical phases.Based on the deformation of a reservoir bank landslide triggered by impoundment and subsequent restabilization,an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model that considers water effect and sliding state dependencies is developed to validate the proposed surrogate model framework.The results indicate that the framework exhibits good performance in capturing physical mechanisms and predicting creep behavior,reducing errors by about 30 times compared to baseline models such as GRU and LSTM(long short-term memory),meeting the precision requirements for parameter inversion.Ablation experiments also confirmed the effectiveness of the framework.This framework can also serve as a reference for constructing other creep surrogate models that involve non-time-related across dimensions.展开更多
This study investigated the suppressive effects of Armoracia rusticana(AR)and its three main glucosinolates on both free and bound heterocyclic amines(HAs),along with their mechanisms of free radical quenching using d...This study investigated the suppressive effects of Armoracia rusticana(AR)and its three main glucosinolates on both free and bound heterocyclic amines(HAs),along with their mechanisms of free radical quenching using density functional theory.Fish patties were supplemented with varying concentrations of AR(0.5%‒1.5%)and glucosinolates(0.005%‒0.015%),showing a dose-dependent inhibition of HAs and concurrent elimination of free radicals and HAs intermediates.Glucobrassicin demonstrated the highest reactivity,which was verified by frontier orbit analysis and conceptual density functional parameters,consistent with experimental findings.Furthermore,the O-H bond connected to the sulfur atom of glucobrassicin possessed the smallest bond dissociation enthalpy(BDE)value,which indicated that this particular hydrogen atom is most susceptible to react with free radicals.Overall,AR and its glucosinolates,especially glucobrassicin,show promise as natural additives for improving food safety and quality.展开更多
Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the ele...Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.展开更多
The effective early warning of surrounding rock mass deformation is crucial in geotechnical engineering for ensuring the safety and stability of underground constructions.This study introduces a novel risk early warni...The effective early warning of surrounding rock mass deformation is crucial in geotechnical engineering for ensuring the safety and stability of underground constructions.This study introduces a novel risk early warning model based on multi-parameter fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,which quantitatively assesses the risk state of the surrounding rock mass.The microseismic(MS)monitoring system is set up for the underground powerhouse.The spatial and temporal distribution of MS events and the frequency characteristics of MS signals are analyzed during the top arch excavation.The early warning indices for characterizing MS spatial aggregation and frequency-energy dispersion are proposed based on the octree theory to assess the deformation of the surrounding rock mass.The risk warning model for the surrounding rock mass in underground engineering is developed through the integration of the formulated index and the frequency characteristics of MS signals.The results indicate that the multiparameter fuzzy comprehensive assessment model can achieve three-dimensional visualization of risk warnings for the surrounding rock mass.The quantitative results regarding warning time and potential deformation areas are highly consistent with the characteristics of MS precursors.These research results can provide an important reference for early warning of surrounding rock mass risk in similar underground projects.展开更多
Human life is not determined by mechanical fatalism or a single material factor;instead,based on the dualistic ontology and active force mechanism in the Unified Complex Systems Theory(UCST),it can be actively designe...Human life is not determined by mechanical fatalism or a single material factor;instead,based on the dualistic ontology and active force mechanism in the Unified Complex Systems Theory(UCST),it can be actively designed under the guidance of mind,in accordance with causal laws,and through systematic interactions.This study integrates the dualistic ontology of UCST,as well as the cooperative mechanism of active force(Fa)and passive force(Fp).Furthermore,by incorporating Master Jiqun’s philosophy of“life design”and the practical principle of“destiny establishment and transformation”from The Four Lessons of Liaofan Yuan,it constructs a three-dimensional framework for life design encompassing the dimensions of science,philosophy,and practice.The significance of this research lies in breaking through the predicament of materialism in the AI(artificial intelligence)era,explaining the autonomy and initiative of life,providing feasible pathways for life design,and ultimately achieving the in-depth integration of scientific rationality and the wisdom of traditional Eastern culture.展开更多
Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of TCM syndrome differentiation-guided herbal intervention for patients with five constitutions during the high-risk window period of acute exacerbation of chronic obstruct...Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of TCM syndrome differentiation-guided herbal intervention for patients with five constitutions during the high-risk window period of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)based on TCM constitution theory.Methods:A total of 300 AECOPD patients in the high-risk window period(54-66 cases for each constitution)were randomly divided into two groups(150 cases each).The control group received fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol inhalation therapy,while the experimental group was additionally given constitution-specific TCM decoctions(e.g.,Erchen Decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin Decoction for Phlegm-Dampness constitution).The treatment course was 8 weeks with a 6-month follow-up.CAT score,TCM syndrome score,pulmonary function,6-minute walking distance(6MWD),and levels of CRP and IL-6 were observed.Recurrence and safety indicators were recorded.Results:After treatment,all indicators improved significantly in both groups(p<0.05),with the experimental group showing superior improvements in CAT score,TCM syndrome score,FEV1,6MWD,and inflammatory indicators(p<0.01).The recurrence rate was lower in the experimental group during follow-up(p<0.05).No severe adverse reactions or abnormalities in liver/kidney function were observed in either group.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation treatment guided by constitution theory can improve symptoms,quality of life,and pulmonary function,reduce inflammatory levels and recurrence rate in AECOPD patients during the high-risk window period,with good safety.展开更多
In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of roc...In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.展开更多
Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to ...Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.展开更多
A machine-learning approach was developed for automated building of knowledgebases for soil resources mapping by using a classification tree to generate knowledge from trainingdata. With this method, building a knowle...A machine-learning approach was developed for automated building of knowledgebases for soil resources mapping by using a classification tree to generate knowledge from trainingdata. With this method, building a knowledge base for automated soil mapping was easier than usingthe conventional knowledge acquisition approach. The knowledge base built by classification tree wasused by the knowledge classifier to perform the soil type classification of Longyou County,Zhejiang Province, China using Landsat TM bi-temporal images and CIS data. To evaluate theperformance of the resultant knowledge bases, the classification results were compared to existingsoil map based on a field survey. The accuracy assessment and analysis of the resultant soil mapssuggested that the knowledge bases built by the machine-learning method was of good quality formapping distribution model of soil classes over the study area.展开更多
A novel knowledge-based fuzzy neural network （KBFNN） for fault diagnosis is presented. Crude rules were extracted and the corresponding dependent factors and antecedent coverage factors were calculated firstly from ...A novel knowledge-based fuzzy neural network （KBFNN） for fault diagnosis is presented. Crude rules were extracted and the corresponding dependent factors and antecedent coverage factors were calculated firstly from the diagnostic sample based on rough sets theory. Then the number of rules was used to construct partially the structure of a fuzzy neural network and those factors were implemented as initial weights, with fuzzy output parameters being optimized by genetic algorithm. Such fuzzy neural network was called KBFNN. This KBFNN was utilized to identify typical faults of rotating machinery. Diagnostic results show that it has those merits of shorter training time and higher right diagnostic level compared to general fuzzy neural networks.展开更多
内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也...内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也有自己的认识。该文通过对两者的比较,试图理清建筑理论的基本意义,那就是提出问题并引起思考。展开更多
Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images.Differed from the classical CFAR method,a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed.The method not only uses the backscattering inte...Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images.Differed from the classical CFAR method,a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed.The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects.According to bridges'special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images,the new knowledge-based method includes three processes:river segmentation,potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination.The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers'shape.Moreover,this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.展开更多
Due to the insufficiency of utilizing knowledge to guide the complex optimal searching, existing genetic algorithms fail to effectively solve excavator boom structural optimization problem. To improve the optimization...Due to the insufficiency of utilizing knowledge to guide the complex optimal searching, existing genetic algorithms fail to effectively solve excavator boom structural optimization problem. To improve the optimization efficiency and quality, a new knowledge-based real-coded genetic algorithm is proposed. A dual evolution mechanism combining knowledge evolution with genetic algorithm is established to extract, handle and utilize the shallow and deep implicit constraint knowledge to guide the optimal searching of genetic algorithm circularly. Based on this dual evolution mechanism, knowledge evolution and population evolution can be connected by knowledge influence operators to improve the conflgurability of knowledge and genetic operators. Then, the new knowledge-based selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator are proposed to integrate the optimal process knowledge and domain culture to guide the excavator boom structural optimization. Eight kinds of testing algorithms, which include different genetic operators, arc taken as examples to solve the structural optimization of a medium-sized excavator boom. By comparing the results of optimization, it is shown that the algorithm including all the new knowledge-based genetic operators can more remarkably improve the evolutionary rate and searching ability than other testing algorithms, which demonstrates the effectiveness of knowledge for guiding optimal searching. The proposed knowledge-based genetic algorithm by combining multi-level knowledge evolution with numerical optimization provides a new effective method for solving the complex engineering optimization problem.展开更多
Knowledge-Based Engineering （KBE） is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method （RDM） and Interpolation Design Meth...Knowledge-Based Engineering （KBE） is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method （RDM） and Interpolation Design Method （IDM） are generated. The corresponding Finite Element （FE） models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process （GP） is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method （LSM） which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.展开更多
The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theor...The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.展开更多
Biological raw data are growing exponentially, providing a large amount of information on what life is. It is believed that potential functions and the rules governing protein behaviors can be revealed from analysis o...Biological raw data are growing exponentially, providing a large amount of information on what life is. It is believed that potential functions and the rules governing protein behaviors can be revealed from analysis on known native structures of proteins. Many knowledge-based potentials for proteins have been proposed. Contrary to most existing review articles which mainly describe technical details and applications of various potential models, the main foci for the discussion here are ideas and concepts involving the construction of potentials, including the relation between free energy and energy, the additivity of potentials of mean force and some key issues in potential construction. Sequence analysis is briefly viewed from an energetic viewpoint.展开更多
This paper describes the development of a knowledgebased system (KBS) for determining whether or not, and under what conditions, a bank Ioan officer should grant a business loan to a company. The prototype system deve...This paper describes the development of a knowledgebased system (KBS) for determining whether or not, and under what conditions, a bank Ioan officer should grant a business loan to a company. The prototype system developed focuses on what is bank loans risks management, how to prevent risk by the analysis of the ability of paying back loans. The paper makes the structural analysis involved in the system's decision situation, the structured situation diagram or model, dependency diagram and the document needed by the KBS prototype system thus are developed. Through testing the samples from loan business, the quality for the analysis of the ability of paying back loans can be effectively evaluated by the KBS prototype system.展开更多
The limitations of traditional approaches to selection problems are examined. A problemsolving strategy is presented in which decision-support and knowledge-based techniques play complementary roles. An approach to th...The limitations of traditional approaches to selection problems are examined. A problemsolving strategy is presented in which decision-support and knowledge-based techniques play complementary roles. An approach to the representation of knowledge to support the problem-solving strategy is presented which avoids commitment to a specific programming language or implementation environment. The problem of choosing a home is used to illustrate the representation of knowledge in a specific problem domain. Techniques for implementation of the problem-solving strategy are described. Knowledge elicitation techniques and their implementation in a development shell for application of the problem-solving strategy to any selection problem are also described.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62572017,62441232,62206007)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ202210005008).
文摘Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretrained language models for reasoning.However,their performance is often hindered by the limited capabilities of retrievers and the constrained size of knowledge bases.Moreover,relying on image captions to bridge the modal gap between visual and language modalities can lead to the omission of critical visual details.To address these limitations,we propose the Reflective Chain-of-Thought(ReCoT)method,a simple yet effective framework inspired by metacognition theory.ReCoT effectively activates the reasoning capabilities ofMultimodal Large LanguageModels(MLLMs),providing essential visual and knowledge cues required to solve complex visual questions.It simulates a metacognitive reasoning process that encompasses monitoring,reflection,and correction.Specifically,in the initial generation stage,an MLLM produces a preliminary answer that serves as the model’s initial cognitive output.During the reflective reasoning stage,this answer is critically examined to generate a reflective rationale that integrates key visual evidence and relevant knowledge.In the final refinement stage,a smaller language model leverages this rationale to revise the initial prediction,resulting in amore accurate final answer.By harnessing the strengths ofMLLMs in visual and knowledge grounding,ReCoT enables smaller language models to reason effectively without dependence on image captions or external knowledge bases.Experimental results demonstrate that ReCoT achieves substantial performance improvements,outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 2.26%on OK-VQA and 5.8%on A-OKVQA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41961134032).
文摘The surrogate model serves as an efficient simulation tool during the slope parameter inversion process.However,the creep constitutive model integrated with dynamic damage evolution poses challenges in development of the required surrogate model.In this study,a novel physics knowledge-based surrogate model framework is proposed.In this framework,a Transformer module is employed to capture straindriven softening-hardening physical mechanisms.Positional encoding and self-attention are utilized to transform the constitutive parameters associated with shear strain,which are not directly time-related,into intermediate latent features for physical loss calculation.Next,a multi-layer stacked GRU(gated recurrent unit)network is built to provide input interfaces for time-dependent intermediate latent features,hydraulic boundary conditions,and water-rock interaction degradation equations,with static parameters introduced via external fully-connected layers.Finally,a combined loss function is constructed to facilitate the collaborative training of physical and data loss,introducing time-dependent weight adjustments to focus the surrogate model on accurate deformation predictions during critical phases.Based on the deformation of a reservoir bank landslide triggered by impoundment and subsequent restabilization,an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model that considers water effect and sliding state dependencies is developed to validate the proposed surrogate model framework.The results indicate that the framework exhibits good performance in capturing physical mechanisms and predicting creep behavior,reducing errors by about 30 times compared to baseline models such as GRU and LSTM(long short-term memory),meeting the precision requirements for parameter inversion.Ablation experiments also confirmed the effectiveness of the framework.This framework can also serve as a reference for constructing other creep surrogate models that involve non-time-related across dimensions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302258,32172317)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC3185)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023JJ40317)Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2202223).
文摘This study investigated the suppressive effects of Armoracia rusticana(AR)and its three main glucosinolates on both free and bound heterocyclic amines(HAs),along with their mechanisms of free radical quenching using density functional theory.Fish patties were supplemented with varying concentrations of AR(0.5%‒1.5%)and glucosinolates(0.005%‒0.015%),showing a dose-dependent inhibition of HAs and concurrent elimination of free radicals and HAs intermediates.Glucobrassicin demonstrated the highest reactivity,which was verified by frontier orbit analysis and conceptual density functional parameters,consistent with experimental findings.Furthermore,the O-H bond connected to the sulfur atom of glucobrassicin possessed the smallest bond dissociation enthalpy(BDE)value,which indicated that this particular hydrogen atom is most susceptible to react with free radicals.Overall,AR and its glucosinolates,especially glucobrassicin,show promise as natural additives for improving food safety and quality.
基金supported by the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi)
文摘Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.
基金support from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023NSFSC0812).
文摘The effective early warning of surrounding rock mass deformation is crucial in geotechnical engineering for ensuring the safety and stability of underground constructions.This study introduces a novel risk early warning model based on multi-parameter fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,which quantitatively assesses the risk state of the surrounding rock mass.The microseismic(MS)monitoring system is set up for the underground powerhouse.The spatial and temporal distribution of MS events and the frequency characteristics of MS signals are analyzed during the top arch excavation.The early warning indices for characterizing MS spatial aggregation and frequency-energy dispersion are proposed based on the octree theory to assess the deformation of the surrounding rock mass.The risk warning model for the surrounding rock mass in underground engineering is developed through the integration of the formulated index and the frequency characteristics of MS signals.The results indicate that the multiparameter fuzzy comprehensive assessment model can achieve three-dimensional visualization of risk warnings for the surrounding rock mass.The quantitative results regarding warning time and potential deformation areas are highly consistent with the characteristics of MS precursors.These research results can provide an important reference for early warning of surrounding rock mass risk in similar underground projects.
基金supported by the start-up funding from Westlake University under Grant Number 041030150118 and the scientific research project of Westlake University“Theoretical Research and Demonstration Application of Complex Systems and Deep-Sea Technology(Phase I)”under Grant Number WU2025A006.
文摘Human life is not determined by mechanical fatalism or a single material factor;instead,based on the dualistic ontology and active force mechanism in the Unified Complex Systems Theory(UCST),it can be actively designed under the guidance of mind,in accordance with causal laws,and through systematic interactions.This study integrates the dualistic ontology of UCST,as well as the cooperative mechanism of active force(Fa)and passive force(Fp).Furthermore,by incorporating Master Jiqun’s philosophy of“life design”and the practical principle of“destiny establishment and transformation”from The Four Lessons of Liaofan Yuan,it constructs a three-dimensional framework for life design encompassing the dimensions of science,philosophy,and practice.The significance of this research lies in breaking through the predicament of materialism in the AI(artificial intelligence)era,explaining the autonomy and initiative of life,providing feasible pathways for life design,and ultimately achieving the in-depth integration of scientific rationality and the wisdom of traditional Eastern culture.
基金Longquan Yi District Health Bureau Project(Project No.:WJKY2023009)。
文摘Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of TCM syndrome differentiation-guided herbal intervention for patients with five constitutions during the high-risk window period of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)based on TCM constitution theory.Methods:A total of 300 AECOPD patients in the high-risk window period(54-66 cases for each constitution)were randomly divided into two groups(150 cases each).The control group received fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol inhalation therapy,while the experimental group was additionally given constitution-specific TCM decoctions(e.g.,Erchen Decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin Decoction for Phlegm-Dampness constitution).The treatment course was 8 weeks with a 6-month follow-up.CAT score,TCM syndrome score,pulmonary function,6-minute walking distance(6MWD),and levels of CRP and IL-6 were observed.Recurrence and safety indicators were recorded.Results:After treatment,all indicators improved significantly in both groups(p<0.05),with the experimental group showing superior improvements in CAT score,TCM syndrome score,FEV1,6MWD,and inflammatory indicators(p<0.01).The recurrence rate was lower in the experimental group during follow-up(p<0.05).No severe adverse reactions or abnormalities in liver/kidney function were observed in either group.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation treatment guided by constitution theory can improve symptoms,quality of life,and pulmonary function,reduce inflammatory levels and recurrence rate in AECOPD patients during the high-risk window period,with good safety.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2034206,51974014 and 51574014)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011631)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC3004601)。
文摘In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.
文摘Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40101014 and 40001008).
文摘A machine-learning approach was developed for automated building of knowledgebases for soil resources mapping by using a classification tree to generate knowledge from trainingdata. With this method, building a knowledge base for automated soil mapping was easier than usingthe conventional knowledge acquisition approach. The knowledge base built by classification tree wasused by the knowledge classifier to perform the soil type classification of Longyou County,Zhejiang Province, China using Landsat TM bi-temporal images and CIS data. To evaluate theperformance of the resultant knowledge bases, the classification results were compared to existingsoil map based on a field survey. The accuracy assessment and analysis of the resultant soil mapssuggested that the knowledge bases built by the machine-learning method was of good quality formapping distribution model of soil classes over the study area.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Foundation of China during the 10th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2001BA204B05-KHK Z0009)
文摘A novel knowledge-based fuzzy neural network （KBFNN） for fault diagnosis is presented. Crude rules were extracted and the corresponding dependent factors and antecedent coverage factors were calculated firstly from the diagnostic sample based on rough sets theory. Then the number of rules was used to construct partially the structure of a fuzzy neural network and those factors were implemented as initial weights, with fuzzy output parameters being optimized by genetic algorithm. Such fuzzy neural network was called KBFNN. This KBFNN was utilized to identify typical faults of rotating machinery. Diagnostic results show that it has those merits of shorter training time and higher right diagnostic level compared to general fuzzy neural networks.
文摘内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也有自己的认识。该文通过对两者的比较,试图理清建筑理论的基本意义,那就是提出问题并引起思考。
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of ATR(9140C8002010706).
文摘Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images.Differed from the classical CFAR method,a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed.The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects.According to bridges'special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images,the new knowledge-based method includes three processes:river segmentation,potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination.The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers'shape.Moreover,this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51175086)
文摘Due to the insufficiency of utilizing knowledge to guide the complex optimal searching, existing genetic algorithms fail to effectively solve excavator boom structural optimization problem. To improve the optimization efficiency and quality, a new knowledge-based real-coded genetic algorithm is proposed. A dual evolution mechanism combining knowledge evolution with genetic algorithm is established to extract, handle and utilize the shallow and deep implicit constraint knowledge to guide the optimal searching of genetic algorithm circularly. Based on this dual evolution mechanism, knowledge evolution and population evolution can be connected by knowledge influence operators to improve the conflgurability of knowledge and genetic operators. Then, the new knowledge-based selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator are proposed to integrate the optimal process knowledge and domain culture to guide the excavator boom structural optimization. Eight kinds of testing algorithms, which include different genetic operators, arc taken as examples to solve the structural optimization of a medium-sized excavator boom. By comparing the results of optimization, it is shown that the algorithm including all the new knowledge-based genetic operators can more remarkably improve the evolutionary rate and searching ability than other testing algorithms, which demonstrates the effectiveness of knowledge for guiding optimal searching. The proposed knowledge-based genetic algorithm by combining multi-level knowledge evolution with numerical optimization provides a new effective method for solving the complex engineering optimization problem.
基金financially supported by the Project of Ministry of Education and Finance of China(Grant Nos.200512 and 201335)the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Grant No.GKZD010053-10)
文摘Knowledge-Based Engineering （KBE） is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method （RDM） and Interpolation Design Method （IDM） are generated. The corresponding Finite Element （FE） models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process （GP） is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method （LSM） which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.
文摘The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175224 and 11121403)
文摘Biological raw data are growing exponentially, providing a large amount of information on what life is. It is believed that potential functions and the rules governing protein behaviors can be revealed from analysis on known native structures of proteins. Many knowledge-based potentials for proteins have been proposed. Contrary to most existing review articles which mainly describe technical details and applications of various potential models, the main foci for the discussion here are ideas and concepts involving the construction of potentials, including the relation between free energy and energy, the additivity of potentials of mean force and some key issues in potential construction. Sequence analysis is briefly viewed from an energetic viewpoint.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.7977086)
文摘This paper describes the development of a knowledgebased system (KBS) for determining whether or not, and under what conditions, a bank Ioan officer should grant a business loan to a company. The prototype system developed focuses on what is bank loans risks management, how to prevent risk by the analysis of the ability of paying back loans. The paper makes the structural analysis involved in the system's decision situation, the structured situation diagram or model, dependency diagram and the document needed by the KBS prototype system thus are developed. Through testing the samples from loan business, the quality for the analysis of the ability of paying back loans can be effectively evaluated by the KBS prototype system.
文摘The limitations of traditional approaches to selection problems are examined. A problemsolving strategy is presented in which decision-support and knowledge-based techniques play complementary roles. An approach to the representation of knowledge to support the problem-solving strategy is presented which avoids commitment to a specific programming language or implementation environment. The problem of choosing a home is used to illustrate the representation of knowledge in a specific problem domain. Techniques for implementation of the problem-solving strategy are described. Knowledge elicitation techniques and their implementation in a development shell for application of the problem-solving strategy to any selection problem are also described.
