This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems, which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics. It discussed at first the struc...This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems, which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics. It discussed at first the structural nature of things, then probed a principle which is a basis for both of the fractal theory and the wavelet analysis, being called the shape-constancy law of the basic constructors at the different scale levels. And the paper also ventured the equivalency between the shape of wave and matrix, thus presented a new concept “shaped-number”, being expected to work in the operations of some bio-medical functions or shapes.展开更多
This paper introduced the following new concepts:the cognitive goal, the cognitive goal for the declarative data of the patient records (PRs), The basic attributes of PR’s data at the sides of generation, constructio...This paper introduced the following new concepts:the cognitive goal, the cognitive goal for the declarative data of the patient records (PRs), The basic attributes of PR’s data at the sides of generation, construction and cognition, the generalized data creator (GDC), type Ⅰ to Ⅵ+ of GDC, the cognitive directions of data: forward direction and backward direction, the apparent cognitive orientation and inapparent cognitive orientation, the cognitive granularity difference principle between the natural intelligence and the artificial intelligence, the generalized variable(GVAR) and the generalized value(GVAL), the variable and value transitivity law(V-V transitivity law), the attribute-combination irreversibility between the concept abstracting and embodying, an open model of the launching engine of bio-medical cognition,展开更多
This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems,which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics.It discussed at first the structu...This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems,which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics.It discussed at first the structural nature of things,then probed a principle which is a basis for both of the fractal theory and the wavelet analysis,being called the shape-constancy law of the basic constructors at the different scale levels.And the paper also ventured the equivalency between the shape of wave and matrix,thus presented a new concept"shaped-number",being expected to work in the operations of some bio-medical functions or shapes.展开更多
This paper pointed out, in the cognitive or semantic processes, the data of EHR reflect their physical nature, which makes mathematics and informatics of less computing capability. Based on this argument a new concept...This paper pointed out, in the cognitive or semantic processes, the data of EHR reflect their physical nature, which makes mathematics and informatics of less computing capability. Based on this argument a new concept cognitive segment (CS), which is considered with having both physical and formalized quality, was introduced. Centered on CS, the paper presented a series of new basic concepts and their definitions, a set of symbols and expressions, and afterwards explored the types, quasi-formalized expressions, mapping nature, methodology for operations, two distinguished differences, commonsensible background analyses, cognitive dimension regression, supervising function of CSs.展开更多
Purpose:This study attempts to disclose the characteristics of knowledge integration in an interdisciplinary field by looking into the content aspect of knowledge.Design/methodology/approach:The eHealth field was chos...Purpose:This study attempts to disclose the characteristics of knowledge integration in an interdisciplinary field by looking into the content aspect of knowledge.Design/methodology/approach:The eHealth field was chosen in the case study.Associated knowledge phrases(AKPs)that are shared between citing papers and their references were extracted from the citation contexts of the eHealth papers by applying a stem-matching method.A classification schema that considers the functions of knowledge in the domain was proposed to categorize the identified AKPs.The source disciplines of each knowledge type were analyzed.Quantitative indicators and a co-occurrence analysis were applied to disclose the integration patterns of different knowledge types.Findings:The annotated AKPs evidence the major disciplines supplying each type of knowledge.Different knowledge types have remarkably different integration patterns in terms of knowledge amount,the breadth of source disciplines,and the integration time lag.We also find several frequent co-occurrence patterns of different knowledge types.Research limitations:The collected articles of the field are limited to the two leading open access journals.The stem-matching method to extract AKPs could not identify those phrases with the same meaning but expressed in words with different stems.The type of Research Subject dominates the recognized AKPs,which calls on an improvement of the classification schema for better knowledge integration analysis on knowledge units.Practical implications:The methodology proposed in this paper sheds new light on knowledge integration characteristics of an interdisciplinary field from the content perspective.The findings have practical implications on the future development of research strategies in eHealth and the policies about interdisciplinary research.Originality/value:This study proposed a new methodology to explore the content characteristics of knowledge integration in an interdisciplinary field.展开更多
Participatory and integrated research approaches employed by a long-term Thai- Vietnamese-German collaborative research program, ‘The Uplands Program’, that address the vicious circles of resource scarcity, environm...Participatory and integrated research approaches employed by a long-term Thai- Vietnamese-German collaborative research program, ‘The Uplands Program’, that address the vicious circles of resource scarcity, environmental degrada- tion and rural poverty in mountainous regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam are discussed in this paper. We present two examples from the Thai component of the research program to show how different disciplines and stakeholders need to cooperate at different scales to make meaningful scientific contributions towards sustainable land use and rural development in mountainous regions. The case of resource conservation in the Thai highlands shows that local and scientific knowledge, conven- tional surveys and participatory modeling can be creatively combined. Integrated research on the potential of integrating fruit trees and associated technologies into mountain farming systems suggests that natural scientists have to work alongsideeconomists and social scientists to avoid harmful effects of purely technology-driven and productivity- enhancing approaches. The success of new technologies cannot be measured solely by adoption rates and yield increases, but also needs to take into account their long-term impact on various groups of farmers and the ecological, economic and social trade-offs that they entail. Technical and institutional innovations need to go hand in hand to provide viable livelihood opportunities for smallholder farmers in mountain watersheds. The major lesson learned from the first six years of our research in the mountains of Thailand and Vietnam is that conventional and participatory approaches are not antagonistic; if scientists from various disciplines and research paradigms are open-minded, the combination of both approaches can produce meaningful results that cater for the needs of both the academic community and local stakeholders in mountain environments.展开更多
国外社区代际共融研究历经长期体系建构,对中国相关研究具有重要借鉴价值。该文以“客观文献追踪”为视角,选取2004年—2023年“Web of Science”数据库中的国外文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制知识图谱,分析学科及期刊分布、理论基础与研...国外社区代际共融研究历经长期体系建构,对中国相关研究具有重要借鉴价值。该文以“客观文献追踪”为视角,选取2004年—2023年“Web of Science”数据库中的国外文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制知识图谱,分析学科及期刊分布、理论基础与研究热点。研究发现,国外社区代际共融研究已构建完整网络体系并持续拓展,研究视角多元且发展迅速,逐渐拓展至家庭、社区、社会等多个领域。其中,“代际共融与人的关系”“社区和邻里重构”以及“公众参与与政策引导”是当前的研究热点。旨在丰富社区代际共融研究视角与方法,为拓展我国相关研究体系提供参考。展开更多
Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its resul...Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its result is also the rudiment of the subsequent detailed design work. If this important phase can be supported by an increasingly distributed resource environment, and be automated such that its completion requires less manual work, the efficiency of the design process would be largely improved and its ability to promote innovation would be enhanced. Therefore, this study involved a detailed analysis of the functional knowledge integration of the design process, as well as the proposal of a corresponding running model. Based on the model, a computational algorithm and an evaluating method were established to automate functional knowledge integration. A corresponding computer program was developed to prove the feasibility of this approach, and it was used to design a solarpowered wiper blade.展开更多
This article discussed the basic three components of an information unit(IU), ie the Carrier(C), Feature(F) and Value(V), and presented and several different types of feature, including the static, relation and proces...This article discussed the basic three components of an information unit(IU), ie the Carrier(C), Feature(F) and Value(V), and presented and several different types of feature, including the static, relation and process features(SF ,RF and PF respectively). It also discussed about the knowledge for statistical group(KP) and for individual(KI) and the transformation mechanisms between them. Then both the philosophy and application attributes of ontology have been explored and two new concepts, ie ontology of existence(EO) and ontology of application(OA) were created. The paper gave an integrated sketch of the whole medical knowledge engineering cause, which is thought to be composed of three areas: conceptual, experimental and compass-beakon ontoloies (CO, EO, CBO, respectively). And based on those considerations BMKI achieved its fundamental formula.展开更多
Experience includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂espoused theory＂ which is what a person believes and claims to follow. Tacit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂theory-in-use＂ ...Experience includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂espoused theory＂ which is what a person believes and claims to follow. Tacit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂theory-in-use＂ which lies behind a person＇s action or behavior. The knowledge of teaching demonstrated in the classroom can be referred to as tacit knowledge or theory-in-use which is often the theory behind the practice of experienced teachers. Freema Elbaz （1983） points out that the ＂experience＂ is referred to as ＂practical knowledge＂, which ＂provides the basis for a conceptualization which sees the teacher as possessing valuable resources＂ （6） and allows teachers to explicitly indicate and tacitly demonstrate their experience in teaching. The purpose of the study is to investigate how experienced college instructors apply their good teaching qualities to teaching social studies. The participants are three experienced college instructors teaching social studies. A concept map and a final reflection are used to elicit experienced instructors＇ personal epistemology in teaching social studies and their perception of technology use in the classroom. Each participant was asked to generate nine good teaching qualities and draw their concept map based on the nine qualities. Their concept maps reflected their theory-in-use and showed the relationship among their teaching qualities by displaying them together in a graphic form and how each teaching quality is connected to another. Participants＇ technology use was also explored to get their perception of the role of technology and their actual use of it in teaching. Then they were asked to validate their concept map data and reflect on their classroom teaching and use of technology. The findings show the three instructors taught under different schema and decided what their means and ends should be and how technology can help facilitate teaching and learning. However, most of them seemed to treat the content （e.g., democracy education） as their ends and thus used pedagogy （e.g., technology） as the means to reach the ends. Their technology use also reflected their perception of technology in teaching and revealed their limited understanding of technology integration, which leads to potential problems.展开更多
文摘This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems, which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics. It discussed at first the structural nature of things, then probed a principle which is a basis for both of the fractal theory and the wavelet analysis, being called the shape-constancy law of the basic constructors at the different scale levels. And the paper also ventured the equivalency between the shape of wave and matrix, thus presented a new concept “shaped-number”, being expected to work in the operations of some bio-medical functions or shapes.
文摘This paper introduced the following new concepts:the cognitive goal, the cognitive goal for the declarative data of the patient records (PRs), The basic attributes of PR’s data at the sides of generation, construction and cognition, the generalized data creator (GDC), type Ⅰ to Ⅵ+ of GDC, the cognitive directions of data: forward direction and backward direction, the apparent cognitive orientation and inapparent cognitive orientation, the cognitive granularity difference principle between the natural intelligence and the artificial intelligence, the generalized variable(GVAR) and the generalized value(GVAL), the variable and value transitivity law(V-V transitivity law), the attribute-combination irreversibility between the concept abstracting and embodying, an open model of the launching engine of bio-medical cognition,
文摘This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems,which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics.It discussed at first the structural nature of things,then probed a principle which is a basis for both of the fractal theory and the wavelet analysis,being called the shape-constancy law of the basic constructors at the different scale levels.And the paper also ventured the equivalency between the shape of wave and matrix,thus presented a new concept"shaped-number",being expected to work in the operations of some bio-medical functions or shapes.
文摘This paper pointed out, in the cognitive or semantic processes, the data of EHR reflect their physical nature, which makes mathematics and informatics of less computing capability. Based on this argument a new concept cognitive segment (CS), which is considered with having both physical and formalized quality, was introduced. Centered on CS, the paper presented a series of new basic concepts and their definitions, a set of symbols and expressions, and afterwards explored the types, quasi-formalized expressions, mapping nature, methodology for operations, two distinguished differences, commonsensible background analyses, cognitive dimension regression, supervising function of CSs.
基金This study was funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China with Grant No.20CTQ024.
文摘Purpose:This study attempts to disclose the characteristics of knowledge integration in an interdisciplinary field by looking into the content aspect of knowledge.Design/methodology/approach:The eHealth field was chosen in the case study.Associated knowledge phrases(AKPs)that are shared between citing papers and their references were extracted from the citation contexts of the eHealth papers by applying a stem-matching method.A classification schema that considers the functions of knowledge in the domain was proposed to categorize the identified AKPs.The source disciplines of each knowledge type were analyzed.Quantitative indicators and a co-occurrence analysis were applied to disclose the integration patterns of different knowledge types.Findings:The annotated AKPs evidence the major disciplines supplying each type of knowledge.Different knowledge types have remarkably different integration patterns in terms of knowledge amount,the breadth of source disciplines,and the integration time lag.We also find several frequent co-occurrence patterns of different knowledge types.Research limitations:The collected articles of the field are limited to the two leading open access journals.The stem-matching method to extract AKPs could not identify those phrases with the same meaning but expressed in words with different stems.The type of Research Subject dominates the recognized AKPs,which calls on an improvement of the classification schema for better knowledge integration analysis on knowledge units.Practical implications:The methodology proposed in this paper sheds new light on knowledge integration characteristics of an interdisciplinary field from the content perspective.The findings have practical implications on the future development of research strategies in eHealth and the policies about interdisciplinary research.Originality/value:This study proposed a new methodology to explore the content characteristics of knowledge integration in an interdisciplinary field.
文摘Participatory and integrated research approaches employed by a long-term Thai- Vietnamese-German collaborative research program, ‘The Uplands Program’, that address the vicious circles of resource scarcity, environmental degrada- tion and rural poverty in mountainous regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam are discussed in this paper. We present two examples from the Thai component of the research program to show how different disciplines and stakeholders need to cooperate at different scales to make meaningful scientific contributions towards sustainable land use and rural development in mountainous regions. The case of resource conservation in the Thai highlands shows that local and scientific knowledge, conven- tional surveys and participatory modeling can be creatively combined. Integrated research on the potential of integrating fruit trees and associated technologies into mountain farming systems suggests that natural scientists have to work alongsideeconomists and social scientists to avoid harmful effects of purely technology-driven and productivity- enhancing approaches. The success of new technologies cannot be measured solely by adoption rates and yield increases, but also needs to take into account their long-term impact on various groups of farmers and the ecological, economic and social trade-offs that they entail. Technical and institutional innovations need to go hand in hand to provide viable livelihood opportunities for smallholder farmers in mountain watersheds. The major lesson learned from the first six years of our research in the mountains of Thailand and Vietnam is that conventional and participatory approaches are not antagonistic; if scientists from various disciplines and research paradigms are open-minded, the combination of both approaches can produce meaningful results that cater for the needs of both the academic community and local stakeholders in mountain environments.
文摘国外社区代际共融研究历经长期体系建构,对中国相关研究具有重要借鉴价值。该文以“客观文献追踪”为视角,选取2004年—2023年“Web of Science”数据库中的国外文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制知识图谱,分析学科及期刊分布、理论基础与研究热点。研究发现,国外社区代际共融研究已构建完整网络体系并持续拓展,研究视角多元且发展迅速,逐渐拓展至家庭、社区、社会等多个领域。其中,“代际共融与人的关系”“社区和邻里重构”以及“公众参与与政策引导”是当前的研究热点。旨在丰富社区代际共融研究视角与方法,为拓展我国相关研究体系提供参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575342)
文摘Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its result is also the rudiment of the subsequent detailed design work. If this important phase can be supported by an increasingly distributed resource environment, and be automated such that its completion requires less manual work, the efficiency of the design process would be largely improved and its ability to promote innovation would be enhanced. Therefore, this study involved a detailed analysis of the functional knowledge integration of the design process, as well as the proposal of a corresponding running model. Based on the model, a computational algorithm and an evaluating method were established to automate functional knowledge integration. A corresponding computer program was developed to prove the feasibility of this approach, and it was used to design a solarpowered wiper blade.
文摘This article discussed the basic three components of an information unit(IU), ie the Carrier(C), Feature(F) and Value(V), and presented and several different types of feature, including the static, relation and process features(SF ,RF and PF respectively). It also discussed about the knowledge for statistical group(KP) and for individual(KI) and the transformation mechanisms between them. Then both the philosophy and application attributes of ontology have been explored and two new concepts, ie ontology of existence(EO) and ontology of application(OA) were created. The paper gave an integrated sketch of the whole medical knowledge engineering cause, which is thought to be composed of three areas: conceptual, experimental and compass-beakon ontoloies (CO, EO, CBO, respectively). And based on those considerations BMKI achieved its fundamental formula.
文摘Experience includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂espoused theory＂ which is what a person believes and claims to follow. Tacit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂theory-in-use＂ which lies behind a person＇s action or behavior. The knowledge of teaching demonstrated in the classroom can be referred to as tacit knowledge or theory-in-use which is often the theory behind the practice of experienced teachers. Freema Elbaz （1983） points out that the ＂experience＂ is referred to as ＂practical knowledge＂, which ＂provides the basis for a conceptualization which sees the teacher as possessing valuable resources＂ （6） and allows teachers to explicitly indicate and tacitly demonstrate their experience in teaching. The purpose of the study is to investigate how experienced college instructors apply their good teaching qualities to teaching social studies. The participants are three experienced college instructors teaching social studies. A concept map and a final reflection are used to elicit experienced instructors＇ personal epistemology in teaching social studies and their perception of technology use in the classroom. Each participant was asked to generate nine good teaching qualities and draw their concept map based on the nine qualities. Their concept maps reflected their theory-in-use and showed the relationship among their teaching qualities by displaying them together in a graphic form and how each teaching quality is connected to another. Participants＇ technology use was also explored to get their perception of the role of technology and their actual use of it in teaching. Then they were asked to validate their concept map data and reflect on their classroom teaching and use of technology. The findings show the three instructors taught under different schema and decided what their means and ends should be and how technology can help facilitate teaching and learning. However, most of them seemed to treat the content （e.g., democracy education） as their ends and thus used pedagogy （e.g., technology） as the means to reach the ends. Their technology use also reflected their perception of technology in teaching and revealed their limited understanding of technology integration, which leads to potential problems.
