A new newt species,Tylototriton daloushanensis Zhou,Xiao&Luo,sp.nov.,is described from Guizhou,China,based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 genes ...A new newt species,Tylototriton daloushanensis Zhou,Xiao&Luo,sp.nov.,is described from Guizhou,China,based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 genes show that the new species is an independent lineage closely related to T.maolanensis,T.broadoridgus,T.dabienicus,T.anhuiensis,and T.wenxianensis.Morphologically,the new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)large body size(SVL 64.7–83.6 mm in male and 70.5–100.3 mm in female);(2)head longer than wide,prominent bony ridges present;(3)snout rounded in dorsal view;(4)tail length less than snoutvent length in both males and females;(5)dark black body coloration,except for bright orange cranial region,palms and soles,vent region,and ventral ridge of tail;(6)relative length of toes Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ;(7)fingertips reaching to between the eyes and nostrils when the forelimbs are stretched forward;(8)distal tip of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;(9)presence of gular fold;(10)vertebral ridge slightly segmented,slightly flattened rib nodules,indistinct interspaces between rib nodules;and(11)lacking orange color markings on posterior parotoids and rib nodules.The found of the new species suggests that the species diversity of the genus Tylototriton may be underestimated.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Nature presents us with numerous complex topological structures,among which ordered bicontinuous structures are widely found in biological systems and exhibit numerous functions,as exemplified by the vibran...CONSPECTUS:Nature presents us with numerous complex topological structures,among which ordered bicontinuous structures are widely found in biological systems and exhibit numerous functions,as exemplified by the vibrant wings of butterflies and the robust skeletons of knobby starfish.In recent decades,significant strides have been made in preparing functional materials with bicontinuous porous structures,e.g.,cubosomes�spherical colloidal particles,which encompass continuous pores and frameworks arranged in a cubic crystal lattice.These cubosomes exhibit many remarkable advantages due to their unique periodic topological structure.(1)The three-dimensional(3D)interconnected pores facilitate the smooth transport of substances throughout the material,resulting in at least a three times higher utilization ratio of internal active sites compared to that of their unconnected pore or nonporous counterparts.Their complex,tortuous,and periodic porous configuration can enhance energy capture,such as solar/electric energy.(2)The 3D continuous pore channels and frameworks provide“highways”for ion and electron transport,leading to an order-of-magnitude reduction in charge-transfer resistance and an over 3-fold increase in the ion diffusion coefficient compared to those of nonporous analogues,thereby improving the electrochemical kinetics of electrodes.(3)Cubosomes have emerged as unique mechanical metamaterials,exhibiting a remarkable capability to alleviate mechanical stress and strain.(4)Their negative-Gaussian-curvature surfaces facilitate the adsorption/desorption of reaction intermediates,thereby lowering the reaction free energy in catalytic reaction processes.Additionally,this distinctive surface structure can enhance the electric field intensity at material interfaces,significantly promoting ion adsorption.With these advantages,functional cubosomes show potential for application in the field of energy storage and conversion.However,due to the big challenges in their preparation,there have been limited studies on their structure−activity relationships in energy-related applications.Therefore,there has not yet been a review regarding functional cubosomes.In this Account,we summarize mainly our latest progress in the study of functional cubosomes.First,we introduce the preparation of polymer cubosomes(PCs)through the self-assembly of block copolymers in solution,along with plotting their morphological phase diagram.Then,the Account describes nanocasting approaches in which polymer cubosomes are employed as templates to prepare a variety of functional cubosomes,including polymers,covalent organic frameworks(COFs),metal−organic frameworks(MOFs),metal−phenolic networks,carbons,inorganic metal compounds,and metals.Finally,to elucidate the application prospects of the functional cubosomes,this Account discusses their advantages in different energy storage and conversion applications,highlighting efficient material and energy utilization,fast mass and electron transport,negative-Gaussian-curvature surfaces,and excellent mechanical stability.We anticipate that this Account will demystify functional cubosomes with bicontinuous porous structures and stimulate their broad interest in the fields of materials science,chemistry,and energy,among others.展开更多
基金supported by the programs of the Guizhou Province Top Discipline Construction Program Project(Qianjiao Keyan Fa[2019]125)the Postgraduate Education Innovation Programme of Guizhou Province(Qianjiaohe YJSKYJJ[2021]091)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB31000000)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,Chinathe Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants(QKZYD[2020]4002).
文摘A new newt species,Tylototriton daloushanensis Zhou,Xiao&Luo,sp.nov.,is described from Guizhou,China,based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 genes show that the new species is an independent lineage closely related to T.maolanensis,T.broadoridgus,T.dabienicus,T.anhuiensis,and T.wenxianensis.Morphologically,the new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)large body size(SVL 64.7–83.6 mm in male and 70.5–100.3 mm in female);(2)head longer than wide,prominent bony ridges present;(3)snout rounded in dorsal view;(4)tail length less than snoutvent length in both males and females;(5)dark black body coloration,except for bright orange cranial region,palms and soles,vent region,and ventral ridge of tail;(6)relative length of toes Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ;(7)fingertips reaching to between the eyes and nostrils when the forelimbs are stretched forward;(8)distal tip of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;(9)presence of gular fold;(10)vertebral ridge slightly segmented,slightly flattened rib nodules,indistinct interspaces between rib nodules;and(11)lacking orange color markings on posterior parotoids and rib nodules.The found of the new species suggests that the species diversity of the genus Tylototriton may be underestimated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225501,W2412102,52421006,22305149,52303275,and 52203268)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,and SJTU 2030B plan(WH510207202).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Nature presents us with numerous complex topological structures,among which ordered bicontinuous structures are widely found in biological systems and exhibit numerous functions,as exemplified by the vibrant wings of butterflies and the robust skeletons of knobby starfish.In recent decades,significant strides have been made in preparing functional materials with bicontinuous porous structures,e.g.,cubosomes�spherical colloidal particles,which encompass continuous pores and frameworks arranged in a cubic crystal lattice.These cubosomes exhibit many remarkable advantages due to their unique periodic topological structure.(1)The three-dimensional(3D)interconnected pores facilitate the smooth transport of substances throughout the material,resulting in at least a three times higher utilization ratio of internal active sites compared to that of their unconnected pore or nonporous counterparts.Their complex,tortuous,and periodic porous configuration can enhance energy capture,such as solar/electric energy.(2)The 3D continuous pore channels and frameworks provide“highways”for ion and electron transport,leading to an order-of-magnitude reduction in charge-transfer resistance and an over 3-fold increase in the ion diffusion coefficient compared to those of nonporous analogues,thereby improving the electrochemical kinetics of electrodes.(3)Cubosomes have emerged as unique mechanical metamaterials,exhibiting a remarkable capability to alleviate mechanical stress and strain.(4)Their negative-Gaussian-curvature surfaces facilitate the adsorption/desorption of reaction intermediates,thereby lowering the reaction free energy in catalytic reaction processes.Additionally,this distinctive surface structure can enhance the electric field intensity at material interfaces,significantly promoting ion adsorption.With these advantages,functional cubosomes show potential for application in the field of energy storage and conversion.However,due to the big challenges in their preparation,there have been limited studies on their structure−activity relationships in energy-related applications.Therefore,there has not yet been a review regarding functional cubosomes.In this Account,we summarize mainly our latest progress in the study of functional cubosomes.First,we introduce the preparation of polymer cubosomes(PCs)through the self-assembly of block copolymers in solution,along with plotting their morphological phase diagram.Then,the Account describes nanocasting approaches in which polymer cubosomes are employed as templates to prepare a variety of functional cubosomes,including polymers,covalent organic frameworks(COFs),metal−organic frameworks(MOFs),metal−phenolic networks,carbons,inorganic metal compounds,and metals.Finally,to elucidate the application prospects of the functional cubosomes,this Account discusses their advantages in different energy storage and conversion applications,highlighting efficient material and energy utilization,fast mass and electron transport,negative-Gaussian-curvature surfaces,and excellent mechanical stability.We anticipate that this Account will demystify functional cubosomes with bicontinuous porous structures and stimulate their broad interest in the fields of materials science,chemistry,and energy,among others.
