Two different kinds of hot compressions,namely normal-compression and can-compression,were performed on the Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.5 Zr alloy,featured with long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.The kinking behavior...Two different kinds of hot compressions,namely normal-compression and can-compression,were performed on the Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.5 Zr alloy,featured with long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.The kinking behavior of LPSO phase and microstructure evolution was investigated to clarify the effect of levels of imposed hydrostatic pressure.The results suggest that the LPSO phases including both the intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase and intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase suffer severe kinking behavior under higher hydrostatic pressure induced by can-compression,which is firstly characterized with more kinking times and smaller relative kinking width.The main reason for such enhanced LPSO kinking during cancompression may be mainly ascribed to the higher dislocation density under a higher level of hydrostatic pressure.Meanwhile,a competitive relationship between the kink behaviors of intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase and intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase was observed.That is,the intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase only kinks obviously on the condition that the surrounded intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase scarcely kinks.In contrast to the distinctive kinking of LPSO phase,the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism shows less dependence on the hydrostatic pressure.Resultantly,similar DRX fractions and crystallographic texture were attained for two compression processes owing to the similar operation of deformation mode.展开更多
Hot compression tests of Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.4 Zr alloy(GWZK114)were conducted at a deformation temperature range of 300–500°C and a strain rate range of 0.01–10.0 s-1.Based on systematic microstructure obs...Hot compression tests of Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.4 Zr alloy(GWZK114)were conducted at a deformation temperature range of 300–500°C and a strain rate range of 0.01–10.0 s-1.Based on systematic microstructure observation,it is confirmed that long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase displays essential and evolving roles on the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior.The results indicate that the plastic deformation is mainly coordinated by simultaneous exist of LPSO kinking of lamella 14 H-LPSO phase and DRX at 350–450℃,and DRX at 500℃.Further,it is found that the LPSO kinking induced during 350–450℃can delay the DRX.A phenomenological DRX model of GWZK114 alloy is established to be XDRX=1.exp[-0.5((ε-εc)/ε^*)0.91].Non-uniform distribution of plastic strain during compression was considered via finite element method and it ensures a good prediction of DRX fraction under a large plastic strain.Meanwhile,an enhanced DRX model,taking its formulation as XDRX={1.exp[-0.5((ε-εc)/ε*)0.91]}(T/(226.8)-1)n,n=3.82ε0.083,is proposed for the first time to capture the hindering effect of 14 H-LPSO kinking on DRX behavior.The predicted results of this enhanced DRX model agree well with the experimental cases,where 14 H-LPSO kinking is dominated or partially involved(300–450℃).Besides,a size model of DRX grains is also established and can depict the evolution of DRX grain size for all the investigated compression conditions with accounting for temperature rising at high strain rates(5 s^-1 and 10 s^-1).展开更多
Deformation kinking as an uncommon plastic deformation mechanism has been reported in several materials while the relevant microstructure evolution and grain refinement behavior at a large strain remain unclear so far...Deformation kinking as an uncommon plastic deformation mechanism has been reported in several materials while the relevant microstructure evolution and grain refinement behavior at a large strain remain unclear so far.In this study,the issue was systematically investigated by utilizing cold forging to impose severe plastic deformation(SPD)on Ti-11 V metastableβ-Ti alloys.It is found that the formation of kink bands experiences dislocation gliding,pre-kinking and the ripening of pre-kinks in sequences.The kink bands are subsequently thickened through the coalescence of multiple kink bands in a manner of high accommodation.Ordinary dislocation slip is developed as a dominant deformation mechanism when deformation kinking is exhausted.The resulting grain refinement involves transverse breakdown and longitudinal splitting of dislocation walls and cells,which fragment kink bands into smallβ-blocks.Further refinement of theβ-blocks is still governed by dislocation activities,and finally nanograins with a diameter of~15 nm are produced at a large strain of 1.2.Alternatively,it is revealed that nanocrystallization is highly localized inside kink bands while the outer microstructure maintains original coarse structures.Such localized refinement characterization is ascribed to the intrinsic soft nature of kink bands,shown as low hardness in nanoindentation testing.The intrinsic softening of kink bands is uncovered to originate from the inner degraded dislocation density evidenced by both experimental measurement and theoretical calculation.These findings enrich fundamental understanding of deformation kinking,and shed some light on exploring the deformation accommodation mechanisms for metal materials at large strains.展开更多
The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test resul...The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is higher than the interlaminar peel strength.In terms of SLB experiment,a new fracture mode was found,namely IKP(initiation of interlaminar delamination,kinking into facesheet and propagation of interlaminar delamination).The virtual crack closure technique was applied to separate the values of Mode I and Mode II components of the strain energy release rate in SLB experiment.The finite element analysis result shows that the Mode I strain energy release rate is higher than the Mode II strain energy release rate.To simulate the failure of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich specimens,a new computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is proposed.In comparison with experimental results,it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the IKP of a honeycomb sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.展开更多
Mechanical exfoliation is a widely used method to isolate high quality graphene layers from bulk graphite. In our recent experiments, some ordered microstructures, consisting of a periodic alternation of kinks and str...Mechanical exfoliation is a widely used method to isolate high quality graphene layers from bulk graphite. In our recent experiments, some ordered microstructures, consisting of a periodic alternation of kinks and stripes, were observed in thin graphite flakes that were mechanically peeled from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In this paper, a theoretical model is presented to attribute the formation of such ordered structures to the alternation of two mechanical processes during the exfoliation： （1） peeling of a graphite flake and （2） mechanical buckling of the flake being sub- jected to bending. In this model, the width of the stripes L is determined by thickness h of the flakes, surface energy Y, and critical buckling strain ecr. Using some appropriate values of y and ecr that are within the ranges determined by other inde- pendent experiments and simulations, the predicted relations between the stripe width and the flake thickness agree reason- ably well with our experimental measurements. Conversely, measuring the L-h relations of the periodic microstructures in thin graphite flakes could help determine the critical mechan- ical buckling strain εcr and the interface energy γ.展开更多
The local deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of a shock compressed Mg-1Zn alloy was investigated through EBSD and TEM.Since dislocation slipping and twinning were locally suppressed during high strain-...The local deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of a shock compressed Mg-1Zn alloy was investigated through EBSD and TEM.Since dislocation slipping and twinning were locally suppressed during high strain-rate deformation,a more flexible kinking deformation was activated to adjusted local orientation and facilitate slipping and twinning within the kinks.Meanwhile,due to the slow heat dissipation that resulted in a local temperature elevating,the kink bands were evolved into deformation bands with recrystallized nano-grains.Such a finding provides a new perspective for kinking-facilitated nanocrystallization in Mg alloys and other anisotropic metallic materials.展开更多
Background：Ossification of the ligamentum flavum （OLF） is being increasingly recognized as a cause of thoracic myelopathy.This study was to describe a rare clinical entity of spinal cord kinking （SK） in thoracic ...Background：Ossification of the ligamentum flavum （OLF） is being increasingly recognized as a cause of thoracic myelopathy.This study was to describe a rare clinical entity of spinal cord kinking （SK） in thoracic myelopathy secondary to OLF.Methods：The data of 95 patients with thoracic myelopathy secondary to OLF were analyzed retrospectively.The incidence and location of SK were determined using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.The clinical presentation and radiological characteristics in patients with SK were analyzed.Posterior en bloc laminectomy with OLF was performed,and the surgical results were evaluated.Results：SK was found in seven patients （7.4％） based on preoperative MRI.The patients included one male and six females with an average age of 55.6 years （range,48-64 years）.Five patients presented with radiculomyelopathy and two presented with typical thoracic myelopathy of spastic paraparesis.In all cases,the kinking was located just above the end of the spinal cord where the conus medullaris （CM） was compressed by the OLF.The degree of SK varied from mild to severe.The tip of the CM was located between the upper third of T1 1 to the lower third of L 1,above the lower edge of L 1.With an average follow-up of 30.4 months,the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score significantly improved from 5.7 ± 1.8 preoperatively to 8.9 ± 1.4 postoperatively （t =12.05;P ＜ 0.0001） with an improvement rate of 63.1 ± 12.3％.Conclusions：SK is a rare radiological phenomenon.It is typically located at the thoracolumbar junction,where the CM is compressed by the OLF.Our findings indicate that these patients may benefit from a posterior decompressive procedure.展开更多
Titanium alloys engineered in structural applications achieve ultrahigh strength primarily through precipitation strengthening of secondary α-phase(αs)during aging,while they often experience compromised ductility a...Titanium alloys engineered in structural applications achieve ultrahigh strength primarily through precipitation strengthening of secondary α-phase(αs)during aging,while they often experience compromised ductility and toughness due to traditional strength-toughness tradeoff.In this study,we propose a novel strategy to address this conflict by introducing deformation kinks prior to conventional cold rolling(CR)and aging processes.These kinks are produced by cold forging(CF)to create macroscopic lamellar structures in β-grains,which alter strain partitioning during subsequent CR and ultimately tailor α_(s)-precipitation upon aging.As a result,an ultrafine duplex(αe+β)-structure is formed within kink interi-ors,while hierarchicalαs-precipitates are generated in the external β-matrix.This unique microstructure effectively enhances dislocation activity,promotes uniform plastic strain distribution and impedes crack propagation.Consequently,a simple Ti-V binary titanium alloy exhibits exceptional properties with ultra-high strength∼1636 MPa,decent ductility∼5.4% and appreciable fracture toughness∼36.1 MPa m^(1/2).The synergetic properties surpass those obtained through traditional CR and aging processes for the alloy and even outperform numerous multielement engineering titanium alloys reported in literature.Our findings open up a new avenue for overcoming the strength-toughness tradeoffof ultrahigh-strength titanium alloys,and also offer a facile production route towards structural materials for advanced performance.展开更多
The homogenized Mg−5.6Gd−0.8Zn(wt.%)alloys were treated with water cooling and furnace cooling to obtain specimens without and with the 14H long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.Subsequently,multi-directional forgin...The homogenized Mg−5.6Gd−0.8Zn(wt.%)alloys were treated with water cooling and furnace cooling to obtain specimens without and with the 14H long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.Subsequently,multi-directional forging(MDF)experiments were carried out.The microstructure and mechanical properties of different regions(the center,middle and edge regions)in the MDFed alloys were systematically investigated,and the effect of LPSO phase on them was discussed.The results show that the alloys in different regions undergo significant grain refinement during the MDF process.Inhomogeneous microstructures with different degrees of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)are formed,resulting in microhardness heterogeneity.The alloy with the LPSO phase has higher microstructure homogeneity,a higher degree of recrystallization,and better comprehensive mechanical properties than the alloy without the LPSO phase.The furnace-cooled alloy after 18 passes of MDF has the best comprehensive mechanical properties,with an ultimate compressive strength of 488 MPa,yield strength of 258 MPa,and fracture strain of 21.2%.DRX behavior is closely related to the LPSO phase and deformation temperature.The kinked LPSO phase can act as a potential nucleation site for DRX grains,while the fragmented LPSO phase promotes DRX nucleation through the particle-stimulated nucleation mechanism.展开更多
The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are asso...The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.展开更多
Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of ...Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete(RC)structures without imposing substantial cost burdens,thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors.On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars,this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains:the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars,beam column nodes with kinked rebars,and concrete frame structures with kinked rebars.The analysis underscores that the straightening process of kinked rebars does not compromise their ultimate strength but significantly bolsters structural ductility and enhances energy dissipation capabilities.In beam-column joints,the incorporation of kinked rebars facilitates the seamless transfer of plastic hinges,adhering to the design principle of“strong columns and weak beams.”In addition,kinked rebars can greatly improve the resistance of the beam;The seismic resistance,internal explosion resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures with kinked rebar have significantly improved.Beyond its primary application,the principle of kinked rebar was extended to other applications of kinked materials such as corrugated steel plates and origami structures,and the stress characteristics of related components and structures were studied.Intriguingly,this paper also proposes the application of kinked rebars in bridge engineering,aiming to address the challenges of localized damage concentration and excessive residual displacement in RC bridge piers.The introduction of kinked rebars in piers is envisioned to mitigate these issues,with the paper outlining its advantages and feasibility,thereby offering valuable insights for future research on kinked reinforcement and seismic design strategies for bridges.展开更多
A novel low temperature poly\|Si(LTPS) ultra\|thin channel thin film transistor (UTC\|TFT) technology is proposed. The UTC\|TFT has an ultra\|thin channel region (30nm) and a thick drain/source region (300nm). The ult...A novel low temperature poly\|Si(LTPS) ultra\|thin channel thin film transistor (UTC\|TFT) technology is proposed. The UTC\|TFT has an ultra\|thin channel region (30nm) and a thick drain/source region (300nm). The ultra\|thin channel region that can result in a lower grain\|boundary trap density in the channel is connected to the heavily\|doped thick drain/source region through a lightly\|doped overlapped region. The overlapped lightly\|doped region provides an effective way for the electric field to spread in the channel near the drain at high drain biases, thereby reducing the electric field there significantly. Simulation results show the UTC\|TFT experiences a 50% reduction in peak lateral electric field compared to that of the conventional TFT. With the low grain\|boundary trap density and low drain electric field, excellent current saturation characteristics and high drain breakdown voltage are achieved in the UTC\|TFT. Moreover, this technology provides the complementary LTPS\|TFTs with more than 2 times increase in on\|current, 3.5 times reduction in off\|current compared to the conventional thick channel LTPS TFTs.展开更多
FB （floating-body） and BC （body-contact） partially depleted SOI nMOSFETs with HBC（half-back-channel） implantation are fabricated. Test results show that such devices have good performance in delaying the occurre...FB （floating-body） and BC （body-contact） partially depleted SOI nMOSFETs with HBC（half-back-channel） implantation are fabricated. Test results show that such devices have good performance in delaying the occurrence of the “kink” phenomenon and improving the breakdown voltage as compared to conventional PDSOI nMOS- FETs,while not decreasing the threshold voltage of the back gate obviously. Numerical simulation shows that a reduced electrical field in the drain contributes to the improvement of the breakdown voltage and a delay of the “kink” effect. A detailed analysis is given for the cause of such improvement of breakdown voltage and the delay of the “kink” effect.展开更多
The compressive deformation behavior of the extruded WZ42(Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 in at.%)magnesium alloy containing a low amount of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase was studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffracti...The compressive deformation behavior of the extruded WZ42(Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 in at.%)magnesium alloy containing a low amount of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase was studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction technique.Tests were conducted at temperatures between room temperature and 350℃.Detailed microstructure investigation was provided by scanning electron microscopy,particularly the backscattered electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction technique.The results show that twinning lost its dominance and kinking of the LPSO phase became more pronounced with increasing deformation temperature.No cracks of the LPSO phase and no debonding r at the interface between the LPSO phase and the Mg matrix were observed at temperatures above 200℃.At 350℃,the LPSO phase lost its strengthening effect and the deformation of the alloy was mainly realized by the dynamic recrystallization of the Mg matrix.展开更多
A new physical current-voltage model for polysilicon thin-film transistors （poly-Si TFTs） is presented. Taking the V-shaped exponential distribution of trap states density into consideration,explicit calculation of ...A new physical current-voltage model for polysilicon thin-film transistors （poly-Si TFTs） is presented. Taking the V-shaped exponential distribution of trap states density into consideration,explicit calculation of surface potential is derived using the Lambert W function, which greatly improves computational efficiency and is critical in circuit simulation. Based on the exponential density of trap states and the calculated surface potential, the drain current characteristics of the subthreshold and the strong inversion region are predicted. A complete and unique drain current expression, including kink effect, is deduced. The model and the experimental data agree well over a wide range of channel lengths and operational regions.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract No.51305188)。
文摘Two different kinds of hot compressions,namely normal-compression and can-compression,were performed on the Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.5 Zr alloy,featured with long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.The kinking behavior of LPSO phase and microstructure evolution was investigated to clarify the effect of levels of imposed hydrostatic pressure.The results suggest that the LPSO phases including both the intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase and intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase suffer severe kinking behavior under higher hydrostatic pressure induced by can-compression,which is firstly characterized with more kinking times and smaller relative kinking width.The main reason for such enhanced LPSO kinking during cancompression may be mainly ascribed to the higher dislocation density under a higher level of hydrostatic pressure.Meanwhile,a competitive relationship between the kink behaviors of intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase and intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase was observed.That is,the intergranular 18 R-LPSO phase only kinks obviously on the condition that the surrounded intragranular 14 H-LPSO phase scarcely kinks.In contrast to the distinctive kinking of LPSO phase,the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism shows less dependence on the hydrostatic pressure.Resultantly,similar DRX fractions and crystallographic texture were attained for two compression processes owing to the similar operation of deformation mode.
文摘Hot compression tests of Mg–11 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.4 Zr alloy(GWZK114)were conducted at a deformation temperature range of 300–500°C and a strain rate range of 0.01–10.0 s-1.Based on systematic microstructure observation,it is confirmed that long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase displays essential and evolving roles on the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior.The results indicate that the plastic deformation is mainly coordinated by simultaneous exist of LPSO kinking of lamella 14 H-LPSO phase and DRX at 350–450℃,and DRX at 500℃.Further,it is found that the LPSO kinking induced during 350–450℃can delay the DRX.A phenomenological DRX model of GWZK114 alloy is established to be XDRX=1.exp[-0.5((ε-εc)/ε^*)0.91].Non-uniform distribution of plastic strain during compression was considered via finite element method and it ensures a good prediction of DRX fraction under a large plastic strain.Meanwhile,an enhanced DRX model,taking its formulation as XDRX={1.exp[-0.5((ε-εc)/ε*)0.91]}(T/(226.8)-1)n,n=3.82ε0.083,is proposed for the first time to capture the hindering effect of 14 H-LPSO kinking on DRX behavior.The predicted results of this enhanced DRX model agree well with the experimental cases,where 14 H-LPSO kinking is dominated or partially involved(300–450℃).Besides,a size model of DRX grains is also established and can depict the evolution of DRX grain size for all the investigated compression conditions with accounting for temperature rising at high strain rates(5 s^-1 and 10 s^-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871176,51722104,51922017,51972009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0700701,2017YFB0702301)+2 种基金the 111 Project 2.0 of China(No.PB2018008)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2018JM5098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xtr022019004)。
文摘Deformation kinking as an uncommon plastic deformation mechanism has been reported in several materials while the relevant microstructure evolution and grain refinement behavior at a large strain remain unclear so far.In this study,the issue was systematically investigated by utilizing cold forging to impose severe plastic deformation(SPD)on Ti-11 V metastableβ-Ti alloys.It is found that the formation of kink bands experiences dislocation gliding,pre-kinking and the ripening of pre-kinks in sequences.The kink bands are subsequently thickened through the coalescence of multiple kink bands in a manner of high accommodation.Ordinary dislocation slip is developed as a dominant deformation mechanism when deformation kinking is exhausted.The resulting grain refinement involves transverse breakdown and longitudinal splitting of dislocation walls and cells,which fragment kink bands into smallβ-blocks.Further refinement of theβ-blocks is still governed by dislocation activities,and finally nanograins with a diameter of~15 nm are produced at a large strain of 1.2.Alternatively,it is revealed that nanocrystallization is highly localized inside kink bands while the outer microstructure maintains original coarse structures.Such localized refinement characterization is ascribed to the intrinsic soft nature of kink bands,shown as low hardness in nanoindentation testing.The intrinsic softening of kink bands is uncovered to originate from the inner degraded dislocation density evidenced by both experimental measurement and theoretical calculation.These findings enrich fundamental understanding of deformation kinking,and shed some light on exploring the deformation accommodation mechanisms for metal materials at large strains.
基金Sponsored by the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Grant and the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No.20080440887)
文摘The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is higher than the interlaminar peel strength.In terms of SLB experiment,a new fracture mode was found,namely IKP(initiation of interlaminar delamination,kinking into facesheet and propagation of interlaminar delamination).The virtual crack closure technique was applied to separate the values of Mode I and Mode II components of the strain energy release rate in SLB experiment.The finite element analysis result shows that the Mode I strain energy release rate is higher than the Mode II strain energy release rate.To simulate the failure of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich specimens,a new computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is proposed.In comparison with experimental results,it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the IKP of a honeycomb sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.
基金financia support from NSFC(Grant 10832005)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant 2007CB936803)+1 种基金the National 863 Project(Grant2008AA03Z302)the support from the engineering faculty of Monash University through seed grant 2014
文摘Mechanical exfoliation is a widely used method to isolate high quality graphene layers from bulk graphite. In our recent experiments, some ordered microstructures, consisting of a periodic alternation of kinks and stripes, were observed in thin graphite flakes that were mechanically peeled from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In this paper, a theoretical model is presented to attribute the formation of such ordered structures to the alternation of two mechanical processes during the exfoliation： （1） peeling of a graphite flake and （2） mechanical buckling of the flake being sub- jected to bending. In this model, the width of the stripes L is determined by thickness h of the flakes, surface energy Y, and critical buckling strain ecr. Using some appropriate values of y and ecr that are within the ranges determined by other inde- pendent experiments and simulations, the predicted relations between the stripe width and the flake thickness agree reason- ably well with our experimental measurements. Conversely, measuring the L-h relations of the periodic microstructures in thin graphite flakes could help determine the critical mechan- ical buckling strain εcr and the interface energy γ.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701121,No.51825101)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.17YF1408800)+2 种基金Laboratory of Intense Dynamic Loading and Effect Foundation of China(No.IDEL1908)Startup Fund for Youngman Research at SJTU(No.18×100040022)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18511109302).
文摘The local deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of a shock compressed Mg-1Zn alloy was investigated through EBSD and TEM.Since dislocation slipping and twinning were locally suppressed during high strain-rate deformation,a more flexible kinking deformation was activated to adjusted local orientation and facilitate slipping and twinning within the kinks.Meanwhile,due to the slow heat dissipation that resulted in a local temperature elevating,the kink bands were evolved into deformation bands with recrystallized nano-grains.Such a finding provides a new perspective for kinking-facilitated nanocrystallization in Mg alloys and other anisotropic metallic materials.
文摘Background：Ossification of the ligamentum flavum （OLF） is being increasingly recognized as a cause of thoracic myelopathy.This study was to describe a rare clinical entity of spinal cord kinking （SK） in thoracic myelopathy secondary to OLF.Methods：The data of 95 patients with thoracic myelopathy secondary to OLF were analyzed retrospectively.The incidence and location of SK were determined using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.The clinical presentation and radiological characteristics in patients with SK were analyzed.Posterior en bloc laminectomy with OLF was performed,and the surgical results were evaluated.Results：SK was found in seven patients （7.4％） based on preoperative MRI.The patients included one male and six females with an average age of 55.6 years （range,48-64 years）.Five patients presented with radiculomyelopathy and two presented with typical thoracic myelopathy of spastic paraparesis.In all cases,the kinking was located just above the end of the spinal cord where the conus medullaris （CM） was compressed by the OLF.The degree of SK varied from mild to severe.The tip of the CM was located between the upper third of T1 1 to the lower third of L 1,above the lower edge of L 1.With an average follow-up of 30.4 months,the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score significantly improved from 5.7 ± 1.8 preoperatively to 8.9 ± 1.4 postoperatively （t =12.05;P ＜ 0.0001） with an improvement rate of 63.1 ± 12.3％.Conclusions：SK is a rare radiological phenomenon.It is typically located at the thoracolumbar junction,where the CM is compressed by the OLF.Our findings indicate that these patients may benefit from a posterior decompressive procedure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271113,92163201)Jinyu Zhang is grateful for the Shaanxi Province Youth Innovation Team(No.22JP042)Shaanxi Province Innovation Team Project(2024RS-CXTD-58).
文摘Titanium alloys engineered in structural applications achieve ultrahigh strength primarily through precipitation strengthening of secondary α-phase(αs)during aging,while they often experience compromised ductility and toughness due to traditional strength-toughness tradeoff.In this study,we propose a novel strategy to address this conflict by introducing deformation kinks prior to conventional cold rolling(CR)and aging processes.These kinks are produced by cold forging(CF)to create macroscopic lamellar structures in β-grains,which alter strain partitioning during subsequent CR and ultimately tailor α_(s)-precipitation upon aging.As a result,an ultrafine duplex(αe+β)-structure is formed within kink interi-ors,while hierarchicalαs-precipitates are generated in the external β-matrix.This unique microstructure effectively enhances dislocation activity,promotes uniform plastic strain distribution and impedes crack propagation.Consequently,a simple Ti-V binary titanium alloy exhibits exceptional properties with ultra-high strength∼1636 MPa,decent ductility∼5.4% and appreciable fracture toughness∼36.1 MPa m^(1/2).The synergetic properties surpass those obtained through traditional CR and aging processes for the alloy and even outperform numerous multielement engineering titanium alloys reported in literature.Our findings open up a new avenue for overcoming the strength-toughness tradeoffof ultrahigh-strength titanium alloys,and also offer a facile production route towards structural materials for advanced performance.
基金the financial supports from the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2023GK2020)。
文摘The homogenized Mg−5.6Gd−0.8Zn(wt.%)alloys were treated with water cooling and furnace cooling to obtain specimens without and with the 14H long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.Subsequently,multi-directional forging(MDF)experiments were carried out.The microstructure and mechanical properties of different regions(the center,middle and edge regions)in the MDFed alloys were systematically investigated,and the effect of LPSO phase on them was discussed.The results show that the alloys in different regions undergo significant grain refinement during the MDF process.Inhomogeneous microstructures with different degrees of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)are formed,resulting in microhardness heterogeneity.The alloy with the LPSO phase has higher microstructure homogeneity,a higher degree of recrystallization,and better comprehensive mechanical properties than the alloy without the LPSO phase.The furnace-cooled alloy after 18 passes of MDF has the best comprehensive mechanical properties,with an ultimate compressive strength of 488 MPa,yield strength of 258 MPa,and fracture strain of 21.2%.DRX behavior is closely related to the LPSO phase and deformation temperature.The kinked LPSO phase can act as a potential nucleation site for DRX grains,while the fragmented LPSO phase promotes DRX nucleation through the particle-stimulated nucleation mechanism.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,18H05475,18H05476 and JP20H00312)MRC International Collaborative Research Grant+4 种基金The authors would like to thank the Czech Science Foundation(Project No.22-22248S)specific university research(A1_FCHT_2024_007)for financial supportsupported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic.Project No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004591co-funded by the European UnionCzechNanoLab project LM2023051 funded by MEYS CR is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of the measurements/sample fabrication at LNSM Research Infrastructure。
文摘The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LTGG23E080001Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure under Grant No.IUI2022-ZD-01.
文摘Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete(RC)structures without imposing substantial cost burdens,thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors.On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars,this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains:the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars,beam column nodes with kinked rebars,and concrete frame structures with kinked rebars.The analysis underscores that the straightening process of kinked rebars does not compromise their ultimate strength but significantly bolsters structural ductility and enhances energy dissipation capabilities.In beam-column joints,the incorporation of kinked rebars facilitates the seamless transfer of plastic hinges,adhering to the design principle of“strong columns and weak beams.”In addition,kinked rebars can greatly improve the resistance of the beam;The seismic resistance,internal explosion resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures with kinked rebar have significantly improved.Beyond its primary application,the principle of kinked rebar was extended to other applications of kinked materials such as corrugated steel plates and origami structures,and the stress characteristics of related components and structures were studied.Intriguingly,this paper also proposes the application of kinked rebars in bridge engineering,aiming to address the challenges of localized damage concentration and excessive residual displacement in RC bridge piers.The introduction of kinked rebars in piers is envisioned to mitigate these issues,with the paper outlining its advantages and feasibility,thereby offering valuable insights for future research on kinked reinforcement and seismic design strategies for bridges.
文摘A novel low temperature poly\|Si(LTPS) ultra\|thin channel thin film transistor (UTC\|TFT) technology is proposed. The UTC\|TFT has an ultra\|thin channel region (30nm) and a thick drain/source region (300nm). The ultra\|thin channel region that can result in a lower grain\|boundary trap density in the channel is connected to the heavily\|doped thick drain/source region through a lightly\|doped overlapped region. The overlapped lightly\|doped region provides an effective way for the electric field to spread in the channel near the drain at high drain biases, thereby reducing the electric field there significantly. Simulation results show the UTC\|TFT experiences a 50% reduction in peak lateral electric field compared to that of the conventional TFT. With the low grain\|boundary trap density and low drain electric field, excellent current saturation characteristics and high drain breakdown voltage are achieved in the UTC\|TFT. Moreover, this technology provides the complementary LTPS\|TFTs with more than 2 times increase in on\|current, 3.5 times reduction in off\|current compared to the conventional thick channel LTPS TFTs.
文摘FB （floating-body） and BC （body-contact） partially depleted SOI nMOSFETs with HBC（half-back-channel） implantation are fabricated. Test results show that such devices have good performance in delaying the occurrence of the “kink” phenomenon and improving the breakdown voltage as compared to conventional PDSOI nMOS- FETs,while not decreasing the threshold voltage of the back gate obviously. Numerical simulation shows that a reduced electrical field in the drain contributes to the improvement of the breakdown voltage and a delay of the “kink” effect. A detailed analysis is given for the cause of such improvement of breakdown voltage and the delay of the “kink” effect.
基金The authors acknowledge the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron for the provision of facilities within the framework of the proposal I-20170459 ECThe authors are also grateful for support from the Grant Agency of the Charles University,grant number 1262217+3 种基金the grant SVV-2019-260442the Czech Science Foundation under grant 17-21855Sthe Operational Programme Research,Development and Education,The Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports(OP RDE,MEYS),grant number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001794GG thanks the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,grant number MAT2016-78850-R.
文摘The compressive deformation behavior of the extruded WZ42(Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 in at.%)magnesium alloy containing a low amount of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase was studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction technique.Tests were conducted at temperatures between room temperature and 350℃.Detailed microstructure investigation was provided by scanning electron microscopy,particularly the backscattered electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction technique.The results show that twinning lost its dominance and kinking of the LPSO phase became more pronounced with increasing deformation temperature.No cracks of the LPSO phase and no debonding r at the interface between the LPSO phase and the Mg matrix were observed at temperatures above 200℃.At 350℃,the LPSO phase lost its strengthening effect and the deformation of the alloy was mainly realized by the dynamic recrystallization of the Mg matrix.
文摘A new physical current-voltage model for polysilicon thin-film transistors （poly-Si TFTs） is presented. Taking the V-shaped exponential distribution of trap states density into consideration,explicit calculation of surface potential is derived using the Lambert W function, which greatly improves computational efficiency and is critical in circuit simulation. Based on the exponential density of trap states and the calculated surface potential, the drain current characteristics of the subthreshold and the strong inversion region are predicted. A complete and unique drain current expression, including kink effect, is deduced. The model and the experimental data agree well over a wide range of channel lengths and operational regions.
