Biotoxicity assessment results of environmental waters largely depend on the sample extraction protocols that enrich pollutants to meet the effect-trigger thresholds of bioassays.However,more chemical mixture does not...Biotoxicity assessment results of environmental waters largely depend on the sample extraction protocols that enrich pollutants to meet the effect-trigger thresholds of bioassays.However,more chemical mixture does not necessarily translate to higher combined biotoxicity.Thus,there is a need to establish the link between chemical extracting efficiency and biotoxicity outcome to standardize extraction methods for biotoxicity assessment of environmental waters.This study compares the performance of five different extraction phases in solid phase extraction(SPE),namely HLB,HLB+Coconut,C18 cartridge,C18 disk and Strata-X,and evaluated their chemical extracting efficiencies and biotoxicity outcomes.We quantitatively assessed cytotoxicity,acute toxicity,genotoxicity,estrogenic activity,and neurotoxicity of the extracts using in vitro bioassays and characterized the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods through chemical recoveries of 23 model compounds with different polarities and total organic carbon.Using Pareto ranking,we identified HLB+Coconut as the optimal SPE method,which exhibited the highest level of water sample biotoxicity and recovered the most chemicals in water samples.We found that the biotoxicity outcomes of the extracted water samples significantly and positively correlated with the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods.Moreover,we observed synchronous changing patterns in biotoxicity outcome and chemical extracting efficiencies in response to increasing sample volumes per cartridge(SVPC)during SPE.Our findings underscore that higher chemical extracting efficiency of SPE corresponds to higher biotoxicity outcome of environmental water samples,providing a scientific basis for standardization of SPE methods for adequate assessment of biotoxicities of environmental waters.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
Extracting building contours from aerial images is a fundamental task in remote sensing.Current building extraction methods cannot accurately extract building contour information and have errors in extracting small-sc...Extracting building contours from aerial images is a fundamental task in remote sensing.Current building extraction methods cannot accurately extract building contour information and have errors in extracting small-scale buildings.This paper introduces a novel dense feature iterative(DFI)fusion network,denoted as DFINet,for extracting building contours.The network uses a DFI decoder to fuse semantic information at different scales and learns the building contour knowledge,producing the last features through iterative fusion.The dense feature fusion(DFF)module combines features at multiple scales.We employ the contour reconstruction(CR)module to access the final predictions.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the DFINet on two different remote sensing datasets,INRIA aerial image dataset and Wuhan University(WHU)building dataset.On the INRIA aerial image dataset,our method achieves the highest intersection over union(IoU),overall accuracy(OA)and F 1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shippi...In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.展开更多
Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or...Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.展开更多
.Abstracting eye models from MRI images is critical in advancing medical imaging, particularly for clinical diagnostics. Current methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency, highlighting a gap this research ai....Abstracting eye models from MRI images is critical in advancing medical imaging, particularly for clinical diagnostics. Current methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency, highlighting a gap this research aims to fill. This study investigates the application of machine learning methods, focusing on the U-net-based deep learning framework, to improve the accuracy of eye model extraction. The objectives include fitting measured eye data to models such as the Ellipsoid model, evaluating automated segmentation tools, and assessing the usability of machine learning-based extractions in clinical scenarios. We employed point cloud data of 202,872 points to fit eye models using ellipsoid, non-linear, and spherical fitting techniques. The fitting processes were optimized to ensure precision and reliability. We compared the performance of these models using mean squared error (MSE) as the primary metric. The non-linear model emerged as the most accurate, with a significantly lower MSE (1.186562) compared to the ellipsoid (781.0542) and spherical models. This finding indicates that the non-linear model provides a more detailed and precise representation of the eye’s geometry. These results suggest that machine learning methods, particularly non-linear models, can significantly enhance the accuracy and usability of eye model extraction in clinical diagnostics, offering a robust framework for future advancements in medical imaging.展开更多
Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies...Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.展开更多
Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigat...Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigates the influence of different extraction methods(room temperature water extraction,boiling water extraction,ultrasonic-assisted room temperature water extraction,and ultrasonic-assisted boiling water extraction,referred to as room temperature water extraction(RE),boiling water extraction(BE),ultrasonic assistance at room temperature water extraction(URE),and ultrasonic assistance in boiling water extraction(UBE))on the yield,dihydromyricetin(DMY)content,free amino acid composition,volatile aroma components,and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Results:A notable influence of extraction temperature on the yield of vine tea extracts(P<0.05),with BE yielding the highest at 43.13±0.26%,higher than that of RE(34.29±0.81%).Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the DMY content of the extracts(P<0.05),whereas DMY content in the RE extracts was 59.94±1.70%,that of URE reached 66.14±2.78%.Analysis revealed 17 amino acids,with L-serine and aspartic acid being the most abundant in the extracts,nevertheless ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced total free amino acid content.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated an increase in the diversity and quantity of compounds in the vine tea water extracts obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.Specifically,69 and 68 volatile compounds were found in URE and UBE extracts,which were higher than the number found in RE and BE extracts.In vitro,antioxidant activity assessments revealed varying antioxidant capacities among different extraction methods,with RE exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging rate,URE leading in ABTS•+free radical scavenging,and BE demonstrating superior ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The findings suggest that extraction methods significantly influence the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved instrumental in elevating the DMY content in vine tea extracts,thereby enriching its flavor profile while maintaining its antioxidant properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver fu...BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver function of patients with chronic liver disease(CLD).CASE SUMMARY This study involved data from patients whose chief complaint was reduced quality of life attributable to CLD.The new treatment approach resulted in improvements in the liver function and fatty liver of 30 patients with CLD.Im-provements were observed using abdominal ultrasonography.Unlike traditional methods,this protocol provided more sustainable and meaningful results.Treat-ment with 10 mL of HPE administered intravenously once or twice per week significantly improved liver function.The observed improvements in fatty liver and liver function suggest the utility of this approach for the management of patients with CLD.CONCLUSION This case series highlights the potential of innovative treatments for patients with CLD that could improve the quality of life of the patients.展开更多
CO_(2) huff-n-puff shows great potential to promote shale oil recovery after primary depletion.However,the extracting process of shale oil residing in different types of pores induced by the injected CO_(2) remains un...CO_(2) huff-n-puff shows great potential to promote shale oil recovery after primary depletion.However,the extracting process of shale oil residing in different types of pores induced by the injected CO_(2) remains unclear.Moreover,how to saturate shale core samples with oil is still an experimental challenge,and needs a recommended procedure.These issues significantly impede probing CO_(2) huff-n-puff in extracting shale oil as a means of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)processes.In this paper,the oil saturation process of shale core samples and their CO_(2) extraction response with respect to pore types were investigated using online T1-T2nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.The results indicated that the oil saturation of shale core samples rapidly increased in the first 16 days under the conditions of 60℃and 30 MPa and then tended to plateau.The maximum oil saturation could reach 46.2%after a vacuum and pressurization duration of 20 days.After saturation,three distinct regions were identified on the T1-T2NMR spectra of the shale core samples,corresponding to kerogen,organic pores(OPs),and inorganic pores(IPs),respectively.The oil trapped in IPs was the primary target for CO_(2) huff-n-puff in shale with a maximum cumulative oil recovery(COR)of 70%original oil in place(OOIP)after three cycles,while the oil trapped in OPs and kerogen presented challenges for extraction(COR<24.2%OOIP in OPs and almost none for kerogen).CO_(2) preferentially extracted the accessible oil trapped in large IPs,while due to the tiny pores and strong affinity of oil-wet walls,the oil saturated in OPs mainly existed in an adsorbed state,leading to an insignificant COR.Furthermore,COR demonstrated a linear increasing tendency with soaking pressure,even when the pressure noticeably exceeded the minimum miscible pressure,implying that the formation of a miscible phase between CO_(2) and oil was not the primary drive for CO_(2) huff-n-puff in shale.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of ...This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.展开更多
With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions...With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.展开更多
This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducte...This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.展开更多
The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and refl...The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the seed to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator. The extraction of oil from the seed and the percentage yield was examined. The oil samples were characterized for physico-chemical properties. The maximum values of physical parameters found were fruit weight 3.7 ± 7.09, fruit length 12.2 ± 28.3 cm, with 15.2 ± 20.81 cm and 0.12 ± 18.91 g for pulp weight. The percentage oil yield of 48.5% was obtained due to the environmental factors such as the soil type, planting season and optimal temperature of the region of seed cultivation. The result of chemical properties showed maximum acid value 0.46 mg KOH, FFA of 0.33 mg, saponification of 189.4 mg KOH mg and peroxide value of 4.33 mg/g. The oil physical properties as discovered have a melting point of 32˚C, smoke point of 198˚C and flash point of 280˚C. The results obtained in this study further reveal the potential of oil from seed of soursop as a substitute for conventional vegetable oil due to its high flash point which is an indication of its low flammability and can be used as a good source of food, industrially can be used as an anti-microbial agent and for pest control.展开更多
The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,...The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to er...In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthen...[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.展开更多
To improve the ability of diglycolamide extractants for the extraction of Sr(Ⅱ)from high-level waste liquid,N,N,N′,N′-tetracyclohexyldiglycolamide(TCHDGA)was proposed and studied to extract Sr(Ⅱ)from nitrate media...To improve the ability of diglycolamide extractants for the extraction of Sr(Ⅱ)from high-level waste liquid,N,N,N′,N′-tetracyclohexyldiglycolamide(TCHDGA)was proposed and studied to extract Sr(Ⅱ)from nitrate media.TCHDGA was prepared and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),^(13)C NMR,and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Various factors affecting extraction were studied systematically.In just 20 s,the extraction rate can reach approximately 98.2%.The extraction capacity of cyclohexyl-substituted extractant TCHDGA is tens of times higher than that with linear or branched chain alkyl.The chemical structure of the complex has been demonstrated to be[Sr3TCHDGA]·(NO_(3))_(2),based on FT-IR,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and crystal structure analysis.The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21,and a strontium ion coordinates with nine oxygen atoms,all of which contribute from TCHDGA.The stripping rate can reach over 99%when using distilled water or 0.50 mol·L^(-1)oxalic acid as stripping agents.展开更多
The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information m...The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.展开更多
This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as...This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as ecofriendly inhibitors.Electrochemical techniques,thermodynamic studies,and quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory action at the metal/electrolyte interface.Maximum inhibition efficie ncies of 93.1%in HCl and 97.7%in H_(2)SO_(4) were achieved with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 0.2 g·L^(-1),while the aqueous extract demonstrated 93.8%inhibition in HCl and 96.6%in H_(2)SO_(4).Polarization curves indicated mixed-type inhibition with a slight anodic bias.The thermodynamic analysis of two extracts in both environments indicated that the K_(ads)increased and that theΔG_(ads)were close to-40 kJ·mol^(-1),suggesting that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm,indicating a combination of physical and chemical adsorption.SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer,while quantum chemical studies further validated strong adsorption,evidenced by a lowΔE of 2.396 eV and an adsorption energy of-878 kcal·mol^(-1)(1kcal·mol^(-1)=4.18 kJ·mol^(-1)).These results demonstrate that Datura stramonium extracts are promising inhibitors,particularly in sulfuric acid,for industrial applications.Reason:Improved clarity,vocabulary,and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025102,52192682,51908276)the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(No.ZYJH005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.0211/14380200)。
文摘Biotoxicity assessment results of environmental waters largely depend on the sample extraction protocols that enrich pollutants to meet the effect-trigger thresholds of bioassays.However,more chemical mixture does not necessarily translate to higher combined biotoxicity.Thus,there is a need to establish the link between chemical extracting efficiency and biotoxicity outcome to standardize extraction methods for biotoxicity assessment of environmental waters.This study compares the performance of five different extraction phases in solid phase extraction(SPE),namely HLB,HLB+Coconut,C18 cartridge,C18 disk and Strata-X,and evaluated their chemical extracting efficiencies and biotoxicity outcomes.We quantitatively assessed cytotoxicity,acute toxicity,genotoxicity,estrogenic activity,and neurotoxicity of the extracts using in vitro bioassays and characterized the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods through chemical recoveries of 23 model compounds with different polarities and total organic carbon.Using Pareto ranking,we identified HLB+Coconut as the optimal SPE method,which exhibited the highest level of water sample biotoxicity and recovered the most chemicals in water samples.We found that the biotoxicity outcomes of the extracted water samples significantly and positively correlated with the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods.Moreover,we observed synchronous changing patterns in biotoxicity outcome and chemical extracting efficiencies in response to increasing sample volumes per cartridge(SVPC)during SPE.Our findings underscore that higher chemical extracting efficiency of SPE corresponds to higher biotoxicity outcome of environmental water samples,providing a scientific basis for standardization of SPE methods for adequate assessment of biotoxicities of environmental waters.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903078)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232021A-10)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program,China(No.22YF1401300)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.20ZR1400400)。
文摘Extracting building contours from aerial images is a fundamental task in remote sensing.Current building extraction methods cannot accurately extract building contour information and have errors in extracting small-scale buildings.This paper introduces a novel dense feature iterative(DFI)fusion network,denoted as DFINet,for extracting building contours.The network uses a DFI decoder to fuse semantic information at different scales and learns the building contour knowledge,producing the last features through iterative fusion.The dense feature fusion(DFF)module combines features at multiple scales.We employ the contour reconstruction(CR)module to access the final predictions.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the DFINet on two different remote sensing datasets,INRIA aerial image dataset and Wuhan University(WHU)building dataset.On the INRIA aerial image dataset,our method achieves the highest intersection over union(IoU),overall accuracy(OA)and F 1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
文摘In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074031)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB051,ZR2020ME256)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(GCP202117)。
文摘Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.
文摘.Abstracting eye models from MRI images is critical in advancing medical imaging, particularly for clinical diagnostics. Current methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency, highlighting a gap this research aims to fill. This study investigates the application of machine learning methods, focusing on the U-net-based deep learning framework, to improve the accuracy of eye model extraction. The objectives include fitting measured eye data to models such as the Ellipsoid model, evaluating automated segmentation tools, and assessing the usability of machine learning-based extractions in clinical scenarios. We employed point cloud data of 202,872 points to fit eye models using ellipsoid, non-linear, and spherical fitting techniques. The fitting processes were optimized to ensure precision and reliability. We compared the performance of these models using mean squared error (MSE) as the primary metric. The non-linear model emerged as the most accurate, with a significantly lower MSE (1.186562) compared to the ellipsoid (781.0542) and spherical models. This finding indicates that the non-linear model provides a more detailed and precise representation of the eye’s geometry. These results suggest that machine learning methods, particularly non-linear models, can significantly enhance the accuracy and usability of eye model extraction in clinical diagnostics, offering a robust framework for future advancements in medical imaging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2020ZD20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22193051)+1 种基金the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(No.2022NK2036)Xiangxi Prefecture Science and Technology Plan Project"School-Local Integration"Special Project(No.2022001)the scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.22B0520).
文摘Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigates the influence of different extraction methods(room temperature water extraction,boiling water extraction,ultrasonic-assisted room temperature water extraction,and ultrasonic-assisted boiling water extraction,referred to as room temperature water extraction(RE),boiling water extraction(BE),ultrasonic assistance at room temperature water extraction(URE),and ultrasonic assistance in boiling water extraction(UBE))on the yield,dihydromyricetin(DMY)content,free amino acid composition,volatile aroma components,and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Results:A notable influence of extraction temperature on the yield of vine tea extracts(P<0.05),with BE yielding the highest at 43.13±0.26%,higher than that of RE(34.29±0.81%).Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the DMY content of the extracts(P<0.05),whereas DMY content in the RE extracts was 59.94±1.70%,that of URE reached 66.14±2.78%.Analysis revealed 17 amino acids,with L-serine and aspartic acid being the most abundant in the extracts,nevertheless ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced total free amino acid content.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated an increase in the diversity and quantity of compounds in the vine tea water extracts obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.Specifically,69 and 68 volatile compounds were found in URE and UBE extracts,which were higher than the number found in RE and BE extracts.In vitro,antioxidant activity assessments revealed varying antioxidant capacities among different extraction methods,with RE exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging rate,URE leading in ABTS•+free radical scavenging,and BE demonstrating superior ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The findings suggest that extraction methods significantly influence the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved instrumental in elevating the DMY content in vine tea extracts,thereby enriching its flavor profile while maintaining its antioxidant properties.
文摘BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver function of patients with chronic liver disease(CLD).CASE SUMMARY This study involved data from patients whose chief complaint was reduced quality of life attributable to CLD.The new treatment approach resulted in improvements in the liver function and fatty liver of 30 patients with CLD.Im-provements were observed using abdominal ultrasonography.Unlike traditional methods,this protocol provided more sustainable and meaningful results.Treat-ment with 10 mL of HPE administered intravenously once or twice per week significantly improved liver function.The observed improvements in fatty liver and liver function suggest the utility of this approach for the management of patients with CLD.CONCLUSION This case series highlights the potential of innovative treatments for patients with CLD that could improve the quality of life of the patients.
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0120700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274041)Distinguished Young Sichuan Science Scholars(2023NSFSC1954)。
文摘CO_(2) huff-n-puff shows great potential to promote shale oil recovery after primary depletion.However,the extracting process of shale oil residing in different types of pores induced by the injected CO_(2) remains unclear.Moreover,how to saturate shale core samples with oil is still an experimental challenge,and needs a recommended procedure.These issues significantly impede probing CO_(2) huff-n-puff in extracting shale oil as a means of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)processes.In this paper,the oil saturation process of shale core samples and their CO_(2) extraction response with respect to pore types were investigated using online T1-T2nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.The results indicated that the oil saturation of shale core samples rapidly increased in the first 16 days under the conditions of 60℃and 30 MPa and then tended to plateau.The maximum oil saturation could reach 46.2%after a vacuum and pressurization duration of 20 days.After saturation,three distinct regions were identified on the T1-T2NMR spectra of the shale core samples,corresponding to kerogen,organic pores(OPs),and inorganic pores(IPs),respectively.The oil trapped in IPs was the primary target for CO_(2) huff-n-puff in shale with a maximum cumulative oil recovery(COR)of 70%original oil in place(OOIP)after three cycles,while the oil trapped in OPs and kerogen presented challenges for extraction(COR<24.2%OOIP in OPs and almost none for kerogen).CO_(2) preferentially extracted the accessible oil trapped in large IPs,while due to the tiny pores and strong affinity of oil-wet walls,the oil saturated in OPs mainly existed in an adsorbed state,leading to an insignificant COR.Furthermore,COR demonstrated a linear increasing tendency with soaking pressure,even when the pressure noticeably exceeded the minimum miscible pressure,implying that the formation of a miscible phase between CO_(2) and oil was not the primary drive for CO_(2) huff-n-puff in shale.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.
文摘With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20148)the Major Science and Technology Projects of the Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region(XZ202201ZD0004G and XZ202201ZD0004G01).
文摘This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.
文摘The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the seed to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator. The extraction of oil from the seed and the percentage yield was examined. The oil samples were characterized for physico-chemical properties. The maximum values of physical parameters found were fruit weight 3.7 ± 7.09, fruit length 12.2 ± 28.3 cm, with 15.2 ± 20.81 cm and 0.12 ± 18.91 g for pulp weight. The percentage oil yield of 48.5% was obtained due to the environmental factors such as the soil type, planting season and optimal temperature of the region of seed cultivation. The result of chemical properties showed maximum acid value 0.46 mg KOH, FFA of 0.33 mg, saponification of 189.4 mg KOH mg and peroxide value of 4.33 mg/g. The oil physical properties as discovered have a melting point of 32˚C, smoke point of 198˚C and flash point of 280˚C. The results obtained in this study further reveal the potential of oil from seed of soursop as a substitute for conventional vegetable oil due to its high flash point which is an indication of its low flammability and can be used as a good source of food, industrially can be used as an anti-microbial agent and for pest control.
文摘The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.
基金funding from Key Areas Science and Technology Research Plan of Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Financial Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant Agreement No.2023AB048 for the project:Research and Application Demonstration of Data-driven Elderly Care System.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB067).
文摘To improve the ability of diglycolamide extractants for the extraction of Sr(Ⅱ)from high-level waste liquid,N,N,N′,N′-tetracyclohexyldiglycolamide(TCHDGA)was proposed and studied to extract Sr(Ⅱ)from nitrate media.TCHDGA was prepared and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),^(13)C NMR,and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Various factors affecting extraction were studied systematically.In just 20 s,the extraction rate can reach approximately 98.2%.The extraction capacity of cyclohexyl-substituted extractant TCHDGA is tens of times higher than that with linear or branched chain alkyl.The chemical structure of the complex has been demonstrated to be[Sr3TCHDGA]·(NO_(3))_(2),based on FT-IR,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and crystal structure analysis.The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21,and a strontium ion coordinates with nine oxygen atoms,all of which contribute from TCHDGA.The stripping rate can reach over 99%when using distilled water or 0.50 mol·L^(-1)oxalic acid as stripping agents.
文摘The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.
基金supported by the NRF(National Research Foundation)of Koreafunded by the Basic Science Research Program through the Ministry of Education(2020R1I1A3052258)carried out with the support of the“2024 System Semiconductor Technology Development Support Project”of Chungbuk Technopark。
文摘This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as ecofriendly inhibitors.Electrochemical techniques,thermodynamic studies,and quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory action at the metal/electrolyte interface.Maximum inhibition efficie ncies of 93.1%in HCl and 97.7%in H_(2)SO_(4) were achieved with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 0.2 g·L^(-1),while the aqueous extract demonstrated 93.8%inhibition in HCl and 96.6%in H_(2)SO_(4).Polarization curves indicated mixed-type inhibition with a slight anodic bias.The thermodynamic analysis of two extracts in both environments indicated that the K_(ads)increased and that theΔG_(ads)were close to-40 kJ·mol^(-1),suggesting that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm,indicating a combination of physical and chemical adsorption.SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer,while quantum chemical studies further validated strong adsorption,evidenced by a lowΔE of 2.396 eV and an adsorption energy of-878 kcal·mol^(-1)(1kcal·mol^(-1)=4.18 kJ·mol^(-1)).These results demonstrate that Datura stramonium extracts are promising inhibitors,particularly in sulfuric acid,for industrial applications.Reason:Improved clarity,vocabulary,and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.
