This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material u...This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.展开更多
Accurate identification and effective support of key blocks are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of rock slopes.The number of structural planes and rock blocks were reduced in previous studies.This impair...Accurate identification and effective support of key blocks are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of rock slopes.The number of structural planes and rock blocks were reduced in previous studies.This impairs the ability to characterize complex rock slopes accurately and inhibits the identification of key blocks.In this paper,a knowledge-data dually driven paradigm for accurate identification of key blocks in complex rock slopes is proposed.Our basic idea is to integrate key block theory into data-driven models based on finely characterizing structural features to identify key blocks in complex rock slopes accurately.The proposed novel paradigm consists of(1)representing rock slopes as graph-structured data based on complex systems theory,(2)identifying key nodes in the graph-structured data using graph deep learning,and(3)mapping the key nodes of graph-structured data to corresponding key blocks in the rock slope.Verification experiments and real-case applications are conducted by the proposed method.The verification results demonstrate excellent model performance,strong generalization capability,and effective classification results.Moreover,the real case application is conducted on the northern slope of the Yanqianshan Iron Mine.The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify key blocks in complex rock slopes,which can provide a decision-making basis and rational recommendations for effective support and instability prevention of rock slopes,thereby ensuring the stability of rock engineering and the safety of life and property.展开更多
The coefficients of friction and squeezing of the key blocks comer in the roof structure of underground coalface are key factors to roof structure stability quantitative analysis. In this paper, through the special t...The coefficients of friction and squeezing of the key blocks comer in the roof structure of underground coalface are key factors to roof structure stability quantitative analysis. In this paper, through the special test of three-type corner friction and squeez- ing of real rock specimens, and physical simulation test on the roof key blocks of roof structure as well as the finite element calcula- tion of the corner stress distribution and failure mechanism, the characteristics of friction and squeezing of the roof key blocks comer are revealed. It is found that the friction angle of the roof key blocks corner is the residual friction angle, and the frictional angle of the roof key blocks is 22-32° (average 27°), so the friction coefficient is determined as 0.5. It also found the squeezing strength is less than the uniaxial strength, and the squeezing coefficient of the roof blocks corner is determined as 0.4. Based on the results, the ground control theory can be updated from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis.展开更多
The displacements and geometry of the rock blocks and the properties of the rock struc-ture play an important role in the stability of tunnels.Based on the key block model,the dynamic instability analysis of undergrou...The displacements and geometry of the rock blocks and the properties of the rock struc-ture play an important role in the stability of tunnels.Based on the key block model,the dynamic instability analysis of underground tunnel subjected to intensive short-time compressional wave was conducted.The instability of the tunnel caused by the spallation and the inertial effect was distin-guished.And the influence of the roof contour curvature of tunnel was also determined.展开更多
Using vector-analysis, three kinds of roof blocks at the end face of fully mechanized long wall faces have been studied. Tbe result indicates that with face advancing, the three kinds of blocks may all become key bloc...Using vector-analysis, three kinds of roof blocks at the end face of fully mechanized long wall faces have been studied. Tbe result indicates that with face advancing, the three kinds of blocks may all become key blocks. It is put forward that the key blocks can reach into the scope of angle of fracture through supporting, and the fomulas for calculating supporting force needed for the three key blocks to maintain stadility have been derived.展开更多
The Jiweishan landslide illustrates the failure pattern of an apparent dip slide of an oblique thick-bedded rockslide. Centrifugal modeling was performed using a model slope consisting of four sets of joints to invest...The Jiweishan landslide illustrates the failure pattern of an apparent dip slide of an oblique thick-bedded rockslide. Centrifugal modeling was performed using a model slope consisting of four sets of joints to investigate the landslide initiation mechanism. Crack strain gauges pasted between the slide blocks and the base failed in sequence from the rear to the front as the centrifugal acceleration increased. When the acceleration reached 16.3g, the instantaneous failure of the key block in the front triggered the apparent dip slide of all blocks. The physical modeling results and previous studies suggest that the strength reduction in the weak layer and the failure of the key block are the main reasons for the Jiweishan landslide. The centrifuge experiment validated the previously proposed driving-blocks-key-block model of apparent dip slide in oblique with inclined bedding rock slopes. In addition, the results from limit equilibrium method and centrifuge test suggest that even though the failure of the key block in the front is instantaneous, a progressive stable-unstable transition exists.展开更多
The constitutive laws of the collapse of underground openings in a rock massif were in-vestigated based on the results of laboratory and field experiments, and computations using ana-lytical and numerical models. It i...The constitutive laws of the collapse of underground openings in a rock massif were in-vestigated based on the results of laboratory and field experiments, and computations using ana-lytical and numerical models. It is shown that the principal mechanism of failure of underground openings over important for practice peak particle velocity amplitude range of 1 to 10 m/s is the roof and wall breakage due to the fall of key blocks. Over this load range the material crushing is of considerably less importance. The geometry of discontinuities influences mainly the stability of key blocks. Further caving depends weakly on block structure of near-tunnel zone. The mean volume of fall material is a rather stable quantity for rock massifs of different structures. Lower tunnel sta-bility in the zones of high fracturing is caused by a higher probability of the presence of the unsta-ble key blocks and the decrease of strength characteristics of fractured bounding blocks. The de-crease of average block size is a less important accompanying factor.展开更多
基金support from Research Council of Norway via STIPINST PhD grant(Grant No.323307),Bever Control AS,and Bane NOR.
文摘This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42277161,42230709).
文摘Accurate identification and effective support of key blocks are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of rock slopes.The number of structural planes and rock blocks were reduced in previous studies.This impairs the ability to characterize complex rock slopes accurately and inhibits the identification of key blocks.In this paper,a knowledge-data dually driven paradigm for accurate identification of key blocks in complex rock slopes is proposed.Our basic idea is to integrate key block theory into data-driven models based on finely characterizing structural features to identify key blocks in complex rock slopes accurately.The proposed novel paradigm consists of(1)representing rock slopes as graph-structured data based on complex systems theory,(2)identifying key nodes in the graph-structured data using graph deep learning,and(3)mapping the key nodes of graph-structured data to corresponding key blocks in the rock slope.Verification experiments and real-case applications are conducted by the proposed method.The verification results demonstrate excellent model performance,strong generalization capability,and effective classification results.Moreover,the real case application is conducted on the northern slope of the Yanqianshan Iron Mine.The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify key blocks in complex rock slopes,which can provide a decision-making basis and rational recommendations for effective support and instability prevention of rock slopes,thereby ensuring the stability of rock engineering and the safety of life and property.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50104009) and the Key Scienceand Technology Research Subject of the Ministry of Education of China (No.204183).
文摘The coefficients of friction and squeezing of the key blocks comer in the roof structure of underground coalface are key factors to roof structure stability quantitative analysis. In this paper, through the special test of three-type corner friction and squeez- ing of real rock specimens, and physical simulation test on the roof key blocks of roof structure as well as the finite element calcula- tion of the corner stress distribution and failure mechanism, the characteristics of friction and squeezing of the roof key blocks comer are revealed. It is found that the friction angle of the roof key blocks corner is the residual friction angle, and the frictional angle of the roof key blocks is 22-32° (average 27°), so the friction coefficient is determined as 0.5. It also found the squeezing strength is less than the uniaxial strength, and the squeezing coefficient of the roof blocks corner is determined as 0.4. Based on the results, the ground control theory can be updated from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Key Program of Scientific Planning of Beijing Education Committee (No.KZ200810016007)
文摘The displacements and geometry of the rock blocks and the properties of the rock struc-ture play an important role in the stability of tunnels.Based on the key block model,the dynamic instability analysis of underground tunnel subjected to intensive short-time compressional wave was conducted.The instability of the tunnel caused by the spallation and the inertial effect was distin-guished.And the influence of the roof contour curvature of tunnel was also determined.
文摘Using vector-analysis, three kinds of roof blocks at the end face of fully mechanized long wall faces have been studied. Tbe result indicates that with face advancing, the three kinds of blocks may all become key blocks. It is put forward that the key blocks can reach into the scope of angle of fracture through supporting, and the fomulas for calculating supporting force needed for the three key blocks to maintain stadility have been derived.
基金supported and sponsored by a project of the Mechanism of Slope deformation induced by Underground Mining in Chongqing(DZLXJK201307)of the Institute of Geomechanicsprojects on Research on Monitoring and Early Warning,Risk Assessment Technology for geological hazards(2012BAK10B00)of the National Key Technology R&D Program for the 12th Five-year Plan
文摘The Jiweishan landslide illustrates the failure pattern of an apparent dip slide of an oblique thick-bedded rockslide. Centrifugal modeling was performed using a model slope consisting of four sets of joints to investigate the landslide initiation mechanism. Crack strain gauges pasted between the slide blocks and the base failed in sequence from the rear to the front as the centrifugal acceleration increased. When the acceleration reached 16.3g, the instantaneous failure of the key block in the front triggered the apparent dip slide of all blocks. The physical modeling results and previous studies suggest that the strength reduction in the weak layer and the failure of the key block are the main reasons for the Jiweishan landslide. The centrifuge experiment validated the previously proposed driving-blocks-key-block model of apparent dip slide in oblique with inclined bedding rock slopes. In addition, the results from limit equilibrium method and centrifuge test suggest that even though the failure of the key block in the front is instantaneous, a progressive stable-unstable transition exists.
基金Supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research(No05-08-18081)
文摘The constitutive laws of the collapse of underground openings in a rock massif were in-vestigated based on the results of laboratory and field experiments, and computations using ana-lytical and numerical models. It is shown that the principal mechanism of failure of underground openings over important for practice peak particle velocity amplitude range of 1 to 10 m/s is the roof and wall breakage due to the fall of key blocks. Over this load range the material crushing is of considerably less importance. The geometry of discontinuities influences mainly the stability of key blocks. Further caving depends weakly on block structure of near-tunnel zone. The mean volume of fall material is a rather stable quantity for rock massifs of different structures. Lower tunnel sta-bility in the zones of high fracturing is caused by a higher probability of the presence of the unsta-ble key blocks and the decrease of strength characteristics of fractured bounding blocks. The de-crease of average block size is a less important accompanying factor.
