[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.展开更多
β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Seph...β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. β-galactosidase II showed a high ability to hy-drolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside than that of β-galactosidase I and III. The individual peaks showed charge homogeneity as revealed by single band on polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III as determined by gel filtration was found to be 44.15, 34.70 and 23.71 KDa respectively. The optimum pH for the activity different isozymes was found between 4 and 6. The isoenzymes were determined to be thermally stable upto 40?C. The Km value for β-gal I was 1.85 mM which was higher than that of β-gal II (Km = 1.7), and β-gal III (Km = 1.19). The Vmax value for β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III was found to be 0.52, 0.70 and 0.38 μmole/min respectively.展开更多
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters...Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) among healthy adults. Design of the study: Thirty-five men and women (28.9 ± 3.0 years) with mean body mass index of 23.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention study. During the pre-feeding study records of 24-hour food intake, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were collected for biochemical investigations. Thereafter the volunteers were divided into five groups: a control group (C);the other four groups received daily one of the following supplements: 200 g of deep yellow apricots (Prunus armeniaca) (AF);250 g pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PJ);mixture of 100 g (PJ) and 150 g of fermented sobya (FS), (PJ-FS) or 165 g (FS). After completing the three-week dietary intervention, blood samples were collected and blood indices were again evaluated. Biochemical analysis of total lipids (TL), total glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and tHcy were completed. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and three indices of risk factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. Results: Three-week dietary intervention improved the levels of lipid profile parameters TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C as compared to the respective baseline levels and the response of the control group that did not receive any supplement. Consuming (PJ-FS) had a synergistic beneficially added value on some of the above mentioned lipid profile parameters. The mean plasma tHcy concentrations;a marker for occlusive vascular disease was reduced significantly following the three week consumption of (PJ) or (FS), compared with the respective pre-feeding levels. Conclusion: Pomegranate juice (PJ) or lactic acid fermented sobya (FS) or mixture of both are potential natural agents in lowering the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and tHcy among apparently healthy young women and men, without dyslipidemic symptoms.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage tim...[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage time of the variety. [Methods] Under normal temperature storage conditions, the changes of fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and rot rate were observed every day. [Results] With the increase of storage days at room temperature, the fruit weight and firmness of ‘Beishan’ apricots gradually decreased;the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C decreased gradually;and the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar increased slightly on the 2^(nd) day of storage, and then gradually decreased. The fruit quality began to decline sharply after the 6^(th) day of storage. The fruit began to rot on the 3^(rd) day of storage, and the rot rate was higher than 60% and increased significantly after the 6^(th) day. After the ‘Beishan’ apricots were stored at room temperature until the 6^(th) day, the fruit quality began to decline sharply, and the rot rate exceeded 60%. The suitable storage time at room temperature was about 6 d. [Conclusions] This study provides data support for the research and promotion of the ‘Beishan’ variety.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were s...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.展开更多
The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma recept...The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.展开更多
To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different me...To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.展开更多
本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微...本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微观结构和物理化学特性的影响。结果表明:HEF预处理与CK组在干燥速率和品质特性上无显著差异;APPJ处理后的干燥时间最短,为22 h,分别比CK、HWB和HEF处理缩短了35.29%、17.65%和35.29%;CK和HEF预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Wang and Singh,HWB和APPJ预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Page;相较于CK,HWB与APPJ预处理均能破坏细胞壁及中胶层结构,其中APPJ处理组细胞壁孔隙度显著增加,水分迁移阻力显著降低(P<0.05)。果胶组分分析进一步证实,APPJ预处理通过增加水溶性果胶(WSP)含量,降低螯合果胶(CSP)和碱溶性果胶(NSP)含量,明显改变细胞壁的机械强度和孔隙率;在抗氧化特性方面,HWB与APPJ预处理均显著提高DPPH自由基清除率及FRAP值,其中APPJ组表现尤为突出,其总酚(176.40±8.19 mg/kg)及类胡萝卜素(32.64±0.83 mg/kg)保留率显著优于其他处理组,且硬度、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则显著降低(P<0.05),有效抑制了酶促褐变,保持了杏片的鲜亮色泽。综上所述,APPJ预处理通过破坏细胞结构、改变果胶组分、抑制酶促褐变及保护抗氧化活性物质,显著提高了杏片的干燥效率和品质特性,是一种高效、绿色的预处理方法,具有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction ...Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.展开更多
Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studie...Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.展开更多
MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Howeve...MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the clinical effects and feasibility of administering MK615for patients with HCC were unknown. We experienced a case with advanced HCC for which MK615 was effective against both lymph node and pulmonary metastases. A 60-year-old female underwent surgical resection of a 9 cm HCC in the right lobe. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC with vascular invasion. The HCC recurred in the liver 8 mo after the surgery. Radiofrequency ablation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy were performed, but the recurrence was not controlled. One year after the intrahepatic recurrence, pulmonary and lymph metastasis appeared.Sorafenib was administered, but was not effective.Then, MK615 was administered as a final alternative therapy after informed consent was obtained from the patient. Three months later, her alpha-fetoprotein level decrease and both the lymph node and pulmonary metastases decreased in size. The patient has survived for more than 17 mo after the MK615 administration, and was in good condition. Although further investigations are necessary to clarify its safety and efficacy in humans, MK615 may be useful for the treatment of HCC,without serious adverse effects.展开更多
Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum,...Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently. To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014. These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances. Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis. Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification, the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese a...Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees'High Efficiency and Safe Production,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201130102)Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Apricot Industrial Development,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(200931101)Financial Support from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Trees Key Subject~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.
文摘β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. β-galactosidase II showed a high ability to hy-drolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside than that of β-galactosidase I and III. The individual peaks showed charge homogeneity as revealed by single band on polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III as determined by gel filtration was found to be 44.15, 34.70 and 23.71 KDa respectively. The optimum pH for the activity different isozymes was found between 4 and 6. The isoenzymes were determined to be thermally stable upto 40?C. The Km value for β-gal I was 1.85 mM which was higher than that of β-gal II (Km = 1.7), and β-gal III (Km = 1.19). The Vmax value for β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III was found to be 0.52, 0.70 and 0.38 μmole/min respectively.
文摘Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) among healthy adults. Design of the study: Thirty-five men and women (28.9 ± 3.0 years) with mean body mass index of 23.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention study. During the pre-feeding study records of 24-hour food intake, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were collected for biochemical investigations. Thereafter the volunteers were divided into five groups: a control group (C);the other four groups received daily one of the following supplements: 200 g of deep yellow apricots (Prunus armeniaca) (AF);250 g pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PJ);mixture of 100 g (PJ) and 150 g of fermented sobya (FS), (PJ-FS) or 165 g (FS). After completing the three-week dietary intervention, blood samples were collected and blood indices were again evaluated. Biochemical analysis of total lipids (TL), total glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and tHcy were completed. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and three indices of risk factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. Results: Three-week dietary intervention improved the levels of lipid profile parameters TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C as compared to the respective baseline levels and the response of the control group that did not receive any supplement. Consuming (PJ-FS) had a synergistic beneficially added value on some of the above mentioned lipid profile parameters. The mean plasma tHcy concentrations;a marker for occlusive vascular disease was reduced significantly following the three week consumption of (PJ) or (FS), compared with the respective pre-feeding levels. Conclusion: Pomegranate juice (PJ) or lactic acid fermented sobya (FS) or mixture of both are potential natural agents in lowering the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and tHcy among apparently healthy young women and men, without dyslipidemic symptoms.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Construction of Innovation Environment (Talents, Bases) in the Autonomous Region (Resource Sharing Platform Construction)Tabei Apricot Experiment Station of Autonomous Region Apricot Industry Technology System。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage time of the variety. [Methods] Under normal temperature storage conditions, the changes of fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and rot rate were observed every day. [Results] With the increase of storage days at room temperature, the fruit weight and firmness of ‘Beishan’ apricots gradually decreased;the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C decreased gradually;and the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar increased slightly on the 2^(nd) day of storage, and then gradually decreased. The fruit quality began to decline sharply after the 6^(th) day of storage. The fruit began to rot on the 3^(rd) day of storage, and the rot rate was higher than 60% and increased significantly after the 6^(th) day. After the ‘Beishan’ apricots were stored at room temperature until the 6^(th) day, the fruit quality began to decline sharply, and the rot rate exceeded 60%. The suitable storage time at room temperature was about 6 d. [Conclusions] This study provides data support for the research and promotion of the ‘Beishan’ variety.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Program of Educational Department of Hebei Province(No.ZH2007116)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.
文摘The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the"12thFive-Year Plan"of China(2013BAD02B03-3-3)the Subtopic of Agricultural Seeds Engineering Projects of Shandong Province"Breeding of New Species of Stone Fruits and Berries"~~
文摘To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.
文摘本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微观结构和物理化学特性的影响。结果表明:HEF预处理与CK组在干燥速率和品质特性上无显著差异;APPJ处理后的干燥时间最短,为22 h,分别比CK、HWB和HEF处理缩短了35.29%、17.65%和35.29%;CK和HEF预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Wang and Singh,HWB和APPJ预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Page;相较于CK,HWB与APPJ预处理均能破坏细胞壁及中胶层结构,其中APPJ处理组细胞壁孔隙度显著增加,水分迁移阻力显著降低(P<0.05)。果胶组分分析进一步证实,APPJ预处理通过增加水溶性果胶(WSP)含量,降低螯合果胶(CSP)和碱溶性果胶(NSP)含量,明显改变细胞壁的机械强度和孔隙率;在抗氧化特性方面,HWB与APPJ预处理均显著提高DPPH自由基清除率及FRAP值,其中APPJ组表现尤为突出,其总酚(176.40±8.19 mg/kg)及类胡萝卜素(32.64±0.83 mg/kg)保留率显著优于其他处理组,且硬度、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则显著降低(P<0.05),有效抑制了酶促褐变,保持了杏片的鲜亮色泽。综上所述,APPJ预处理通过破坏细胞结构、改变果胶组分、抑制酶促褐变及保护抗氧化活性物质,显著提高了杏片的干燥效率和品质特性,是一种高效、绿色的预处理方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471196）.
文摘Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.
文摘Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.
文摘MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the clinical effects and feasibility of administering MK615for patients with HCC were unknown. We experienced a case with advanced HCC for which MK615 was effective against both lymph node and pulmonary metastases. A 60-year-old female underwent surgical resection of a 9 cm HCC in the right lobe. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC with vascular invasion. The HCC recurred in the liver 8 mo after the surgery. Radiofrequency ablation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy were performed, but the recurrence was not controlled. One year after the intrahepatic recurrence, pulmonary and lymph metastasis appeared.Sorafenib was administered, but was not effective.Then, MK615 was administered as a final alternative therapy after informed consent was obtained from the patient. Three months later, her alpha-fetoprotein level decrease and both the lymph node and pulmonary metastases decreased in size. The patient has survived for more than 17 mo after the MK615 administration, and was in good condition. Although further investigations are necessary to clarify its safety and efficacy in humans, MK615 may be useful for the treatment of HCC,without serious adverse effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401686 and 31371896)
文摘Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently. To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014. These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances. Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis. Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification, the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively.
基金Supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund,2012partly supported by Grants(2012-03)from R&D project to overcome FTA,Free Trade Agreement program 2012 in the agriculture and fishery fields of Gyeongsangbuk-Do province,Korea
文摘Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.
