[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.展开更多
β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Seph...β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. β-galactosidase II showed a high ability to hy-drolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside than that of β-galactosidase I and III. The individual peaks showed charge homogeneity as revealed by single band on polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III as determined by gel filtration was found to be 44.15, 34.70 and 23.71 KDa respectively. The optimum pH for the activity different isozymes was found between 4 and 6. The isoenzymes were determined to be thermally stable upto 40?C. The Km value for β-gal I was 1.85 mM which was higher than that of β-gal II (Km = 1.7), and β-gal III (Km = 1.19). The Vmax value for β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III was found to be 0.52, 0.70 and 0.38 μmole/min respectively.展开更多
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters...Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) among healthy adults. Design of the study: Thirty-five men and women (28.9 ± 3.0 years) with mean body mass index of 23.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention study. During the pre-feeding study records of 24-hour food intake, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were collected for biochemical investigations. Thereafter the volunteers were divided into five groups: a control group (C);the other four groups received daily one of the following supplements: 200 g of deep yellow apricots (Prunus armeniaca) (AF);250 g pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PJ);mixture of 100 g (PJ) and 150 g of fermented sobya (FS), (PJ-FS) or 165 g (FS). After completing the three-week dietary intervention, blood samples were collected and blood indices were again evaluated. Biochemical analysis of total lipids (TL), total glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and tHcy were completed. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and three indices of risk factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. Results: Three-week dietary intervention improved the levels of lipid profile parameters TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C as compared to the respective baseline levels and the response of the control group that did not receive any supplement. Consuming (PJ-FS) had a synergistic beneficially added value on some of the above mentioned lipid profile parameters. The mean plasma tHcy concentrations;a marker for occlusive vascular disease was reduced significantly following the three week consumption of (PJ) or (FS), compared with the respective pre-feeding levels. Conclusion: Pomegranate juice (PJ) or lactic acid fermented sobya (FS) or mixture of both are potential natural agents in lowering the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and tHcy among apparently healthy young women and men, without dyslipidemic symptoms.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage tim...[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage time of the variety. [Methods] Under normal temperature storage conditions, the changes of fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and rot rate were observed every day. [Results] With the increase of storage days at room temperature, the fruit weight and firmness of ‘Beishan’ apricots gradually decreased;the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C decreased gradually;and the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar increased slightly on the 2^(nd) day of storage, and then gradually decreased. The fruit quality began to decline sharply after the 6^(th) day of storage. The fruit began to rot on the 3^(rd) day of storage, and the rot rate was higher than 60% and increased significantly after the 6^(th) day. After the ‘Beishan’ apricots were stored at room temperature until the 6^(th) day, the fruit quality began to decline sharply, and the rot rate exceeded 60%. The suitable storage time at room temperature was about 6 d. [Conclusions] This study provides data support for the research and promotion of the ‘Beishan’ variety.展开更多
In this study, 14 representative apricot cultivars in the production were selected as the experimental materials, and their fruit cracking characteristics, as well as the correlations between fruit cracking and influe...In this study, 14 representative apricot cultivars in the production were selected as the experimental materials, and their fruit cracking characteristics, as well as the correlations between fruit cracking and influencing factors （e.g., pedcarp structure, mineral elements contents, DW/FW ratio and soluble sugar content） were analyzed to provide some reference for systematic study on fruit cracking mecha- nism of apricot. The results showed the cultivars with small orderly-and compactlyarranged epidermal cells were difficult to crack, while the cultivars with big disorderly-and loosely-arranged epidermal cells were easy to crack. There was no significant correlation between pericarp thickness and cracking index. The correlations between cracking and mineral elements contents of apricot fruit were in the order as Ca 〉 Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Fe 〉 K 〉 Mg 〉 Cu. The cracking index of apricot fruit was significantly negatively correlated with Ca content, was weakly correlated with Zn and Mn contents, and was uncorrelated with Fe, K, Mg and Cu contents. Ca deficiency was the main factor affecting the fruit cracking in apricot. Under the same conditions, the higher the water content is, the lower the cracking index is; and the higher the soluble sugar content is, the higher the cracking index is.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were s...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.展开更多
The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma recept...The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.展开更多
To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different me...To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.展开更多
Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction ...Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.展开更多
Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studie...Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.展开更多
MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Howeve...MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the clinical effects and feasibility of administering MK615for patients with HCC were unknown. We experienced a case with advanced HCC for which MK615 was effective against both lymph node and pulmonary metastases. A 60-year-old female underwent surgical resection of a 9 cm HCC in the right lobe. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC with vascular invasion. The HCC recurred in the liver 8 mo after the surgery. Radiofrequency ablation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy were performed, but the recurrence was not controlled. One year after the intrahepatic recurrence, pulmonary and lymph metastasis appeared.Sorafenib was administered, but was not effective.Then, MK615 was administered as a final alternative therapy after informed consent was obtained from the patient. Three months later, her alpha-fetoprotein level decrease and both the lymph node and pulmonary metastases decreased in size. The patient has survived for more than 17 mo after the MK615 administration, and was in good condition. Although further investigations are necessary to clarify its safety and efficacy in humans, MK615 may be useful for the treatment of HCC,without serious adverse effects.展开更多
Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum,...Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently. To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014. These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances. Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis. Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification, the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese a...Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.展开更多
Blooming date is an important trait in fruit tree species.Although several quantitative trait loci confirming blooming date were identified in Prunus spp.,the molecular mechanism underlying it remains unclear.Arising ...Blooming date is an important trait in fruit tree species.Although several quantitative trait loci confirming blooming date were identified in Prunus spp.,the molecular mechanism underlying it remains unclear.Arising from this,the transcriptomes of normal blooming and lateblooming Siberian apricot(P.sibirica L.)flower buds were analyzed using RNA-seq technology.A total of 68,855 unigenes were de novo assembled,among which 1204 were differentially expressed between normal and late blooming.Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes were enriched with metabolic processes.The catalytic-related gene transcripts between the two types of blooming were significantly changed in the molecular function.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 156 genes were successfully annotated and 75 pathways enriched.Genes for gibberellin biosynthesis were up-regulated in normal blooming,whereas abscisic acid degradation-related genes were also up-regulated in normal blooming.Moreover,circadian rhythms related genes including EARLY FLOWERING 4,LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL and CIRCANDIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 were all up-regulated in normal blooming,indicating that circadian rhythms have a very important role in controlling blooming date.Furthermore,zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 12 was blasted onto the quantitative trait loci region on linkage group 4 in peach.However,changes in the abundance of key flowering genes such as SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1,FLOWERING LOCU T,LEAFY and FLOWERING LOCUS C were not significantly different,indicating that further investigation should explore the function of these genes on blooming date.The outcomes of this study will provide a valuable platform for further research on the molecular mechanism of blooming date in Prunus.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of Japanese apricot(JA) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)-related symptoms.METHODS: Participants included individuals living in Minabe-cho,a well-known JA-growing reg...AIM: To investigate the effects of Japanese apricot(JA) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)-related symptoms.METHODS: Participants included individuals living in Minabe-cho,a well-known JA-growing region,who received specific medical check-ups by the local community health service in 2010.GERD-related symptoms were examined in 1303 Japanese individuals using a validated questionnaire,the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD(FSSG),which consists of 7 questions associated with acid reflux symptoms and 5 questions asking about gastrointestinal dysmotility symptoms.Each question was answered using a 4-point scale,with higher scores indicating more severe GERDrelated symptoms.Subjects were divided into two groups according to their intake of dried and pickled JA: daily intake(≥ 1 JA daily)(392 subjects) and none oroccasional intake(< 1 JA daily)(911 subjects).FSSG scores were compared between subjects who consumed JA daily and those who did not.Next,subjects were stratified by age,gender and Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) status for subanalyses.RESULTS: Those who ate JA daily were significantly older than those who did not(60.6 ± 10.5 years vs 56.0 ± 11.0 years,P < 0.001).Total FSSG scores were significantly lower in subjects with daily JA intake than in those with none or only occasional intake(2.13 ± 3.14 vs 2.70 ± 3.82,P = 0.005).In particular,subjects who consumed JA daily showed significantly improved FSSG dysmotility scores compared with subjects who did not(1.05 ± 1.58 vs 1.46 ± 2.11,P < 0.001).In contrast,the FSSG reflux score did not differ between subjects with and without daily intake of JA(1.08 ± 1.90 vs 1.24 ± 2.11,P = 0.177).Subanalysis indicated that improvement in dysmotility by JA intake was specifically observed in non-elderly(1.24 ± 1.68 vs 1.62 ± 2.22,P = 0.005) and H.pylori-negative subjects(0.99 ± 1.58 vs 1.57 ± 2.06,P < 0.001).GERD patients(total FSSG score ≥ 8) were less frequently observed among subjects with daily intake of JA as compared to those without daily intake of JA(6.1% vs 9.7%,P = 0.040).CONCLUSION: Daily JA intake may improve digestive dysmotility symptoms,resulting in relief of GERD symptoms.The effect is more obvious in non-elderly and H.pylori-negative subjects.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the anti-neoplastic effects of MK615, an extract from the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), against colon cancer cells. METHODS: Three colon cancer cell lines, SW480, COLO, and WiDr, were cultured wi...AIM: To investigate the anti-neoplastic effects of MK615, an extract from the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), against colon cancer cells. METHODS: Three colon cancer cell lines, SW480, COLO, and WiDr, were cultured with MK615. Growth inhibition was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and killing activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Induction of apoptosis was evaluated by annexin Ⅴ flow cytometry. Morphological changes were studied by light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8. RESULTS: MK615 inhibited growth and lysed SW480, COLO and WiDr cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin Ⅴ flow cytometry showed that MK615 induced apoptosis after 6 h incubation, at which point the occurrence of apoptotic cells was 68.0%, 65.7% and 64.7% for SW480, COLO, and WiDr cells, respectively. Light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8 revealed that MK615 induced massive cytoplasmic vacuoles (autophagosomes) in all three cell lines. CONCLUSION: MK615 has an anti-neoplastic effect against colon cancer cells. The effect may be exerted by induction of apoptosis and autophagy.展开更多
Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversio...Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS II and photochemical quenching (qP) in young fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasing the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria intensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃. INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS I activity center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.展开更多
Activated carbon has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the recovery of a wide variety of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this research, the activated hard shell of Iranian apricot stones was used for ...Activated carbon has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the recovery of a wide variety of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this research, the activated hard shell of Iranian apricot stones was used for gold recovery from electro-plating wastewater. The effect of parameters such as dose and particle size of adsorbent,pH, agitation speed of mixing on the gold recovery was investigated. The results showed that under the optimum operating conditions more than 98% of gold ions were adsorbed onto activated carbon after just 3 h. In addition, the adsorbed gold could be eluted from this adsorbent by improved striping method. The process involves contact of gold-laden adsorbent with a strong base at ambient temperatures followed by elution with an aqueous solution containing an organic solvent. It was found that activated hard shell of apricot stones has the potential to replace im ported commercial activated carbons in gold adsorption processes.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees'High Efficiency and Safe Production,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201130102)Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Apricot Industrial Development,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(200931101)Financial Support from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Trees Key Subject~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.
文摘β-galactosidase was extracted from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) and characterized biochemically. Three isoenzymes (β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III) were obtained by salt fractionation and ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. β-galactosidase II showed a high ability to hy-drolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside than that of β-galactosidase I and III. The individual peaks showed charge homogeneity as revealed by single band on polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III as determined by gel filtration was found to be 44.15, 34.70 and 23.71 KDa respectively. The optimum pH for the activity different isozymes was found between 4 and 6. The isoenzymes were determined to be thermally stable upto 40?C. The Km value for β-gal I was 1.85 mM which was higher than that of β-gal II (Km = 1.7), and β-gal III (Km = 1.19). The Vmax value for β-gal I, β-gal II and β-gal III was found to be 0.52, 0.70 and 0.38 μmole/min respectively.
文摘Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dietary intervention with apricots, pomegranate juice or lactic acid fermented sobya on improving the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) among healthy adults. Design of the study: Thirty-five men and women (28.9 ± 3.0 years) with mean body mass index of 23.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention study. During the pre-feeding study records of 24-hour food intake, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were collected for biochemical investigations. Thereafter the volunteers were divided into five groups: a control group (C);the other four groups received daily one of the following supplements: 200 g of deep yellow apricots (Prunus armeniaca) (AF);250 g pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PJ);mixture of 100 g (PJ) and 150 g of fermented sobya (FS), (PJ-FS) or 165 g (FS). After completing the three-week dietary intervention, blood samples were collected and blood indices were again evaluated. Biochemical analysis of total lipids (TL), total glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and tHcy were completed. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and three indices of risk factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. Results: Three-week dietary intervention improved the levels of lipid profile parameters TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C as compared to the respective baseline levels and the response of the control group that did not receive any supplement. Consuming (PJ-FS) had a synergistic beneficially added value on some of the above mentioned lipid profile parameters. The mean plasma tHcy concentrations;a marker for occlusive vascular disease was reduced significantly following the three week consumption of (PJ) or (FS), compared with the respective pre-feeding levels. Conclusion: Pomegranate juice (PJ) or lactic acid fermented sobya (FS) or mixture of both are potential natural agents in lowering the plasma levels of lipid profile parameters and tHcy among apparently healthy young women and men, without dyslipidemic symptoms.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Construction of Innovation Environment (Talents, Bases) in the Autonomous Region (Resource Sharing Platform Construction)Tabei Apricot Experiment Station of Autonomous Region Apricot Industry Technology System。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the changes in fruit quality during storage of local high-quality apricot variety ‘Beishan’ in Xinjiang at room temperature, and to clarify the suitable storage time of the variety. [Methods] Under normal temperature storage conditions, the changes of fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and rot rate were observed every day. [Results] With the increase of storage days at room temperature, the fruit weight and firmness of ‘Beishan’ apricots gradually decreased;the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C decreased gradually;and the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar increased slightly on the 2^(nd) day of storage, and then gradually decreased. The fruit quality began to decline sharply after the 6^(th) day of storage. The fruit began to rot on the 3^(rd) day of storage, and the rot rate was higher than 60% and increased significantly after the 6^(th) day. After the ‘Beishan’ apricots were stored at room temperature until the 6^(th) day, the fruit quality began to decline sharply, and the rot rate exceeded 60%. The suitable storage time at room temperature was about 6 d. [Conclusions] This study provides data support for the research and promotion of the ‘Beishan’ variety.
基金Supported by Basic Breeding Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Yyzjc1419)Science and Technology Achievements Transformation and Extension Project(2017CGZH02)~~
文摘In this study, 14 representative apricot cultivars in the production were selected as the experimental materials, and their fruit cracking characteristics, as well as the correlations between fruit cracking and influencing factors （e.g., pedcarp structure, mineral elements contents, DW/FW ratio and soluble sugar content） were analyzed to provide some reference for systematic study on fruit cracking mecha- nism of apricot. The results showed the cultivars with small orderly-and compactlyarranged epidermal cells were difficult to crack, while the cultivars with big disorderly-and loosely-arranged epidermal cells were easy to crack. There was no significant correlation between pericarp thickness and cracking index. The correlations between cracking and mineral elements contents of apricot fruit were in the order as Ca 〉 Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Fe 〉 K 〉 Mg 〉 Cu. The cracking index of apricot fruit was significantly negatively correlated with Ca content, was weakly correlated with Zn and Mn contents, and was uncorrelated with Fe, K, Mg and Cu contents. Ca deficiency was the main factor affecting the fruit cracking in apricot. Under the same conditions, the higher the water content is, the lower the cracking index is; and the higher the soluble sugar content is, the higher the cracking index is.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Program of Educational Department of Hebei Province(No.ZH2007116)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.
文摘The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the"12thFive-Year Plan"of China(2013BAD02B03-3-3)the Subtopic of Agricultural Seeds Engineering Projects of Shandong Province"Breeding of New Species of Stone Fruits and Berries"~~
文摘To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471196）.
文摘Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.
文摘Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.
文摘MK615, a compound extracted from the Japanese apricot "Prunus mume " has been reported to have in vitro anti-tumor activities against several cancer cell lines,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the clinical effects and feasibility of administering MK615for patients with HCC were unknown. We experienced a case with advanced HCC for which MK615 was effective against both lymph node and pulmonary metastases. A 60-year-old female underwent surgical resection of a 9 cm HCC in the right lobe. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC with vascular invasion. The HCC recurred in the liver 8 mo after the surgery. Radiofrequency ablation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy were performed, but the recurrence was not controlled. One year after the intrahepatic recurrence, pulmonary and lymph metastasis appeared.Sorafenib was administered, but was not effective.Then, MK615 was administered as a final alternative therapy after informed consent was obtained from the patient. Three months later, her alpha-fetoprotein level decrease and both the lymph node and pulmonary metastases decreased in size. The patient has survived for more than 17 mo after the MK615 administration, and was in good condition. Although further investigations are necessary to clarify its safety and efficacy in humans, MK615 may be useful for the treatment of HCC,without serious adverse effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401686 and 31371896)
文摘Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently. To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014. These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances. Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis. Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification, the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively.
基金Supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund,2012partly supported by Grants(2012-03)from R&D project to overcome FTA,Free Trade Agreement program 2012 in the agriculture and fishery fields of Gyeongsangbuk-Do province,Korea
文摘Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BLYJ201517)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University by the Ministry of Education,China(NCET-10-0223)
文摘Blooming date is an important trait in fruit tree species.Although several quantitative trait loci confirming blooming date were identified in Prunus spp.,the molecular mechanism underlying it remains unclear.Arising from this,the transcriptomes of normal blooming and lateblooming Siberian apricot(P.sibirica L.)flower buds were analyzed using RNA-seq technology.A total of 68,855 unigenes were de novo assembled,among which 1204 were differentially expressed between normal and late blooming.Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes were enriched with metabolic processes.The catalytic-related gene transcripts between the two types of blooming were significantly changed in the molecular function.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 156 genes were successfully annotated and 75 pathways enriched.Genes for gibberellin biosynthesis were up-regulated in normal blooming,whereas abscisic acid degradation-related genes were also up-regulated in normal blooming.Moreover,circadian rhythms related genes including EARLY FLOWERING 4,LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL and CIRCANDIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 were all up-regulated in normal blooming,indicating that circadian rhythms have a very important role in controlling blooming date.Furthermore,zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 12 was blasted onto the quantitative trait loci region on linkage group 4 in peach.However,changes in the abundance of key flowering genes such as SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1,FLOWERING LOCU T,LEAFY and FLOWERING LOCUS C were not significantly different,indicating that further investigation should explore the function of these genes on blooming date.The outcomes of this study will provide a valuable platform for further research on the molecular mechanism of blooming date in Prunus.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of Japanese apricot(JA) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)-related symptoms.METHODS: Participants included individuals living in Minabe-cho,a well-known JA-growing region,who received specific medical check-ups by the local community health service in 2010.GERD-related symptoms were examined in 1303 Japanese individuals using a validated questionnaire,the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD(FSSG),which consists of 7 questions associated with acid reflux symptoms and 5 questions asking about gastrointestinal dysmotility symptoms.Each question was answered using a 4-point scale,with higher scores indicating more severe GERDrelated symptoms.Subjects were divided into two groups according to their intake of dried and pickled JA: daily intake(≥ 1 JA daily)(392 subjects) and none oroccasional intake(< 1 JA daily)(911 subjects).FSSG scores were compared between subjects who consumed JA daily and those who did not.Next,subjects were stratified by age,gender and Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) status for subanalyses.RESULTS: Those who ate JA daily were significantly older than those who did not(60.6 ± 10.5 years vs 56.0 ± 11.0 years,P < 0.001).Total FSSG scores were significantly lower in subjects with daily JA intake than in those with none or only occasional intake(2.13 ± 3.14 vs 2.70 ± 3.82,P = 0.005).In particular,subjects who consumed JA daily showed significantly improved FSSG dysmotility scores compared with subjects who did not(1.05 ± 1.58 vs 1.46 ± 2.11,P < 0.001).In contrast,the FSSG reflux score did not differ between subjects with and without daily intake of JA(1.08 ± 1.90 vs 1.24 ± 2.11,P = 0.177).Subanalysis indicated that improvement in dysmotility by JA intake was specifically observed in non-elderly(1.24 ± 1.68 vs 1.62 ± 2.22,P = 0.005) and H.pylori-negative subjects(0.99 ± 1.58 vs 1.57 ± 2.06,P < 0.001).GERD patients(total FSSG score ≥ 8) were less frequently observed among subjects with daily intake of JA as compared to those without daily intake of JA(6.1% vs 9.7%,P = 0.040).CONCLUSION: Daily JA intake may improve digestive dysmotility symptoms,resulting in relief of GERD symptoms.The effect is more obvious in non-elderly and H.pylori-negative subjects.
文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-neoplastic effects of MK615, an extract from the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), against colon cancer cells. METHODS: Three colon cancer cell lines, SW480, COLO, and WiDr, were cultured with MK615. Growth inhibition was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and killing activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Induction of apoptosis was evaluated by annexin Ⅴ flow cytometry. Morphological changes were studied by light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8. RESULTS: MK615 inhibited growth and lysed SW480, COLO and WiDr cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin Ⅴ flow cytometry showed that MK615 induced apoptosis after 6 h incubation, at which point the occurrence of apoptotic cells was 68.0%, 65.7% and 64.7% for SW480, COLO, and WiDr cells, respectively. Light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8 revealed that MK615 induced massive cytoplasmic vacuoles (autophagosomes) in all three cell lines. CONCLUSION: MK615 has an anti-neoplastic effect against colon cancer cells. The effect may be exerted by induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
文摘Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS II and photochemical quenching (qP) in young fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasing the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria intensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃. INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS I activity center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.
文摘Activated carbon has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the recovery of a wide variety of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this research, the activated hard shell of Iranian apricot stones was used for gold recovery from electro-plating wastewater. The effect of parameters such as dose and particle size of adsorbent,pH, agitation speed of mixing on the gold recovery was investigated. The results showed that under the optimum operating conditions more than 98% of gold ions were adsorbed onto activated carbon after just 3 h. In addition, the adsorbed gold could be eluted from this adsorbent by improved striping method. The process involves contact of gold-laden adsorbent with a strong base at ambient temperatures followed by elution with an aqueous solution containing an organic solvent. It was found that activated hard shell of apricot stones has the potential to replace im ported commercial activated carbons in gold adsorption processes.
