[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were s...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.展开更多
The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma recept...The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.展开更多
To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different me...To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.展开更多
本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微...本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微观结构和物理化学特性的影响。结果表明:HEF预处理与CK组在干燥速率和品质特性上无显著差异;APPJ处理后的干燥时间最短,为22 h,分别比CK、HWB和HEF处理缩短了35.29%、17.65%和35.29%;CK和HEF预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Wang and Singh,HWB和APPJ预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Page;相较于CK,HWB与APPJ预处理均能破坏细胞壁及中胶层结构,其中APPJ处理组细胞壁孔隙度显著增加,水分迁移阻力显著降低(P<0.05)。果胶组分分析进一步证实,APPJ预处理通过增加水溶性果胶(WSP)含量,降低螯合果胶(CSP)和碱溶性果胶(NSP)含量,明显改变细胞壁的机械强度和孔隙率;在抗氧化特性方面,HWB与APPJ预处理均显著提高DPPH自由基清除率及FRAP值,其中APPJ组表现尤为突出,其总酚(176.40±8.19 mg/kg)及类胡萝卜素(32.64±0.83 mg/kg)保留率显著优于其他处理组,且硬度、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则显著降低(P<0.05),有效抑制了酶促褐变,保持了杏片的鲜亮色泽。综上所述,APPJ预处理通过破坏细胞结构、改变果胶组分、抑制酶促褐变及保护抗氧化活性物质,显著提高了杏片的干燥效率和品质特性,是一种高效、绿色的预处理方法,具有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
本研究通过自然晾晒(natural air drying,NAD)、热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)及冷等离子体协同热泵干燥(cold plasma with heat pump drying,CP-HPD)制备杏片,经低温超微粉碎后,添加不同质量分数二氧化硅(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1....本研究通过自然晾晒(natural air drying,NAD)、热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)及冷等离子体协同热泵干燥(cold plasma with heat pump drying,CP-HPD)制备杏片,经低温超微粉碎后,添加不同质量分数二氧化硅(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%)、β-环糊精(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)和大豆纤维(0.5%、1.5%、2%、3%、4%)3种抗结剂,综合评价其对杏超微粉理化特性、微观结构及贮藏稳定性的作用机制。结果表明,干燥方式是决定杏粉基础品质的关键,CP-HPD处理显著提高了杏粉的玻璃化转变温度(达38.02℃),24 h吸湿率降低至24.78%,溶解率提升至70.52%。在抗结剂筛选中,添加量0.6%~0.9%的二氧化硅表现出最优综合性能,其低添加量(0.6%)即可实现与高添加量β-环糊精(6%~10%)或大豆纤维(2%~4%)相当的抗结效果,使杏粉溶解率最高达84.33%,吸湿率最低至20.84%,且粉体分散性得到明显改善。本研究证实了“CP-HPD+0.6%二氧化硅”这一工艺组合在杏粉加工中的优越性,不仅可为解决杏粉吸湿结块问题提供有效的技术路径,也可为果蔬粉体的品质控制与产业化应用提供理论依据和实践参考。展开更多
Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction ...Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.展开更多
Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studie...Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees'High Efficiency and Safe Production,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201130102)Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Apricot Industrial Development,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(200931101)Financial Support from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Trees Key Subject~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Program of Educational Department of Hebei Province(No.ZH2007116)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.
文摘The flowering biology and fruit development characteristics of a Xinjiang apricot （Armeniaca vulgaris Lam） cultivar Kezilang were studied by measuring its flowering phenology, floral organ development, stigma receptivity, pollen quantity, pollen viability, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit contents, with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of Kezilang. The results showed that Kezilang can be popularized as an early-maturing apricot cultivar, as it had high fruit setting rate, large fruit weight, excellent taste, high sugar content and lower titratable acid content in fruit. The dynamic curves of Kezilang fruit diameters in three directions, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were all S-shaped, and the rapid growth stage of dry weight was later than that of other terms. Fruit swelling was due to higher water content of flesh tissue in early stage of the rapid growth periods of fruit. Most sugar in flesh was accumulated at the second rapid growth period of fruit.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the"12thFive-Year Plan"of China(2013BAD02B03-3-3)the Subtopic of Agricultural Seeds Engineering Projects of Shandong Province"Breeding of New Species of Stone Fruits and Berries"~~
文摘To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.
文摘本文以新鲜赛买提杏片为对照组(CK),探究热水漂烫(Hot Water Blanching,HWB)、高压静电场(High-voltage Electric Field,HEF)和常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet,APPJ)3种预处理方式对杏片热泵干燥特性、水分组成、微观结构和物理化学特性的影响。结果表明:HEF预处理与CK组在干燥速率和品质特性上无显著差异;APPJ处理后的干燥时间最短,为22 h,分别比CK、HWB和HEF处理缩短了35.29%、17.65%和35.29%;CK和HEF预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Wang and Singh,HWB和APPJ预处理的最佳数学拟合模型为Page;相较于CK,HWB与APPJ预处理均能破坏细胞壁及中胶层结构,其中APPJ处理组细胞壁孔隙度显著增加,水分迁移阻力显著降低(P<0.05)。果胶组分分析进一步证实,APPJ预处理通过增加水溶性果胶(WSP)含量,降低螯合果胶(CSP)和碱溶性果胶(NSP)含量,明显改变细胞壁的机械强度和孔隙率;在抗氧化特性方面,HWB与APPJ预处理均显著提高DPPH自由基清除率及FRAP值,其中APPJ组表现尤为突出,其总酚(176.40±8.19 mg/kg)及类胡萝卜素(32.64±0.83 mg/kg)保留率显著优于其他处理组,且硬度、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则显著降低(P<0.05),有效抑制了酶促褐变,保持了杏片的鲜亮色泽。综上所述,APPJ预处理通过破坏细胞结构、改变果胶组分、抑制酶促褐变及保护抗氧化活性物质,显著提高了杏片的干燥效率和品质特性,是一种高效、绿色的预处理方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471196）.
文摘Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.
文摘Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.
